Recommended equipment for
Ll = pH - (9.30 + Total Dissolved Solids chart value + Temperature chart value ) + Hardness chart valve + Alkalinity chart value)
The Ll is zero when the water is in chemical balance. If the Ll is greater than zero, there is a tendency to form scale. If the Ll is less than zero, the water tends to be corrosive.
Dissolved oxygen may be controlled in closed cooling towers. Several types of treatments are commercially available to remove dissolved oxygen. For open cooling towers, dissolved oxygen is not an easily controlled parameter. Also, a filtration system is recommended for the water going into the air compressor when using an open cooling tower.
It should be noted that
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