GLOSSARY

prioritized interrupt

Any maskable interrupt or nonmaskable NMI. Two of

 

the nonmaskable interrupts (unimplemented opcode

 

and software trap) are not prioritized; they vector

 

directly to the interrupt service routine when

 

executed.

program memory

A partition of memory where instructions can be

 

stored for fetching and execution.

protected instruction

An instruction that prevents an interrupt from being

 

acknowledged until after the next instruction

 

executes. The protected instructions are DI, EI,

 

DPTS, EPTS, POPA, POPF, PUSHA, and PUSHF.

PSW

Processor status word. The high byte of the PSW is

 

the status byte, which contains one bit that globally

 

enables or disables servicing of all maskable

 

interrupts, one bit that enables or disables the PTS,

 

and six Boolean flags that reflect the state of the

 

current program. The low byte of the PSW is the

 

INT_MASK register. A push or pop instruction saves

 

or restores both bytes (PSW + INT_MASK).

PTS

Peripheral transaction server. The microcoded

 

hardware interrupt processor.

PTSCB

See PTS control block.

PTS control block

A block of data required for each PTS interrupt. The

 

microcode executes the proper PTS routine based on

 

the contents of the PTS control block.

PTS cycle

The microcoded response to a single PTS interrupt

 

request.

PTS interrupt

Any maskable interrupt that is assigned to the PTS for

 

interrupt processing.

PTS mode

A microcoded response that enables the PTS to

 

complete a specific task quickly. These tasks include

 

transferring a single byte or word, transferring a block

 

of bytes or words, managing multiple A/D conver-

 

sions, and generating PWM outputs.

PTS routine

The entire microcoded response to multiple PTS

 

interrupt requests. The PTS routine is controlled by

 

the contents of the PTS control block.

Glossary-7

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Intel 87C196CB Prioritized interrupt, Program memory, Protected instruction, PTS control block, PTS cycle, PTS interrupt

8XC196NT, 87C196CB specifications

The Intel 87C196CB and 8XC196NT are microcontrollers from the C196 family, which was designed to meet the demands of embedded control technology. These microcontrollers are popular in various applications due to their robust architecture, extensive I/O capabilities, and specialized functionality, making them ideal for automotive, industrial, and communication systems.

The 87C196CB is distinguished by its 16-bit architecture, offering a balance of processing power and efficiency. It features a 16-bit data bus, which allows for fast data processing, and a 16-bit address bus, supporting up to 64KB of program memory. The microcontroller integrates on-chip memory, including 2KB of ROM and 128 bytes of RAM, which facilitates faster execution of programs and data handling.

One of the standout features of the 87C196CB is its versatility in I/O operations. It comes equipped with 32 general-purpose I/O lines that can be configured for various functions, including input, output, and interrupt handling. This flexibility enables developers to optimize the microcontroller for their specific application needs.

The 8XC196NT builds on the capabilities of its predecessor, offering advanced functionalities such as an enhanced instruction set and integrated peripherals. It includes additional features like timers, serial communication interfaces, and analog-to-digital converters, which expand its usability in complex embedded systems. The 8XC196NT supports multiple addressing modes, allowing for more efficient programming and memory management.

Both microcontrollers utilize innovative technologies that improve performance and power efficiency. The on-chip operating system support aids in real-time processing and multitasking, making them suitable for time-sensitive applications. Power management features are also incorporated, allowing these microcontrollers to operate in low-power modes, which is crucial for battery-operated devices.

The 87C196CB and 8XC196NT microcontrollers are characterized by their reliability and long service life, meeting the stringent demands of industrial applications. Their ability to perform tasks rapidly, combined with their diverse peripheral support, makes them popular choices among engineers and developers designing embedded systems. Overall, the Intel 87C196CB and 8XC196NT microcontrollers remain relevant in the rapidly evolving landscape of embedded technology, facilitating innovative solutions across various industries.