System Bus Clock Layout 6.3, 6.4, 6.5

	2.6	Validation			2-15
		2.6.1	Flight Time Measurement		2-15
		2.6.2	Signal Quality Measurement		2-16
	2.7	Timing Analysis			2-17
	2.8	AGP Layout and Routing Guidelines			2-19
		2.8.1 AGP Connector (“Up Option) Layout Guidelines			2-19
		2.8.2 On-board AGP Compliant Device (“Down” Option)
			Layout Guidelines		2-20
	2.9	82443GX Memory Subsystem Layout and Routing Guidelines			2-22
		2.9.1 100 MHz 82443GX Memory Array Considerations			2-22
			2.9.1.1 Matching the Reference Planes		2-23
			2.9.1.2 Adding Additional Decoupling Capacitor		2-23
			2.9.1.3 Trace Width vs. Trace Spacing		2-24
		2.9.2 Memory Layout & Routing Guidelines			2-24
		2.9.3 4 DIMM Routing Guidelines [NO FET]			2-30
		2.9.4 PCI Bus Routing Guidelines			2-30
		2.9.5	Decoupling Guidelines: Intel® 440GX AGPset Platform		2-31
		2.9.6 Intel®440GX AGPset Clock Layout Recommendations			2-32
			2.9.6.1	Clock Routing Spacing	2-32
			2.9.6.2 System Bus Clock Layout		2-32
			2.9.6.3	PCI Clock Layout	2-33
			2.9.6.4	SDRAM Clock Layout	2-33
			2.9.6.5	AGP Clock Layout	2-34
3	Design Checklist				3-1
	3.1	Overview			3-1
	3.2	Pull-up and Pull-down Resistor Values			3-1
	3.3	Intel®Pentium®II Processor Checklist			3-2
		3.3.1	Intel®Pentium®II Processor		3-2
		3.3.2	Intel®Pentium®II Processor Clocks		3-5
		3.3.3	Intel®Pentium®II Processor Signals		3-5
		3.3.4 Uni-Processor (UP) Slot 1 Checklist			3-7
		3.3.5 Dual-Processor (DP) Slot 1 Checklist			3-7
		3.3.6 Slot 1 Decoupling Capacitors			3-7
		3.3.7 Voltage Regulator Module, VRM 8.2			3-7
	3.4	Intel®440GX AGPset Clocks			3-8
		3.4.1 CK100 - 100 MHz Clock Synthesizer			3-8
		3.4.2 CKBF - SDRAM 1 to 18 Clock Buffer			3-9
		3.4.3 GCKE and DCLKWR Connection			3-9
	3.5	82443GX Host Bridge			3-10
		3.5.1	82443GX Interface		3-10
		3.5.2 82443GX GTL+ Bus Interface			3-12
		3.5.3	82443GX PCI Interface		3-12
		3.5.4	82443GX AGP Interface		3-13
	3.6	Intel®440GX AGPset Memory Interface			3-14
		3.6.1	SDRAM Connections		3-14
		3.6.2 DIMM Solution With FET Switches			3-15
		3.6.3	Registered SDRAM		3-15

iv	Intel®440GX AGPset Design Guide

440GX specifications

The Intel 440GX chipset was launched in 1997 as part of Intel's series of chipsets known as the 440 family, and it served as a critical component for various Pentium II and Pentium III-based motherboard architectures. Specifically designed for the second generation of Intel’s processors, the 440GX delivered enhanced performance and supported a range of important technologies that defined PC architectures of its time.

One of the main features of the Intel 440GX was its support for a 100 MHz front-side bus (FSB), which significantly improved data transfer rates between the CPU and the memory subsystem. This advancement allowed the 440GX to accommodate both the original Pentium II processors as well as the later Pentium III chips, providing compatibility and flexibility for system builders and consumers alike.

The 440GX chipset included an integrated AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) controller, which supported AGP 2x speeds. This enabled high-performance graphics cards to be utilized effectively, delivering many enhanced graphics capabilities for gaming and multimedia applications. The AGP interface was crucial at the time as it offered a dedicated pathway for graphics data, increasing bandwidth compared to traditional PCI slots.

In terms of memory support, the 440GX could address up to 512 MB of SDRAM, allowing systems built with this chipset to run comfortably with sufficient memory for the era’s demanding applications. The memory controller was capable of supporting both single and double-sided DIMMs, which provided versatility in memory configuration for system builders.

Another notable feature of the Intel 440GX was its support for multi-processor configurations through its Dual Processors support feature. This allowed enterprise and workstation computers to leverage the performance advantages of multiple CPUs, making the chipset suitable for business and professional environments where multitasking and high-performance computing were essential.

On the connectivity front, the chipset supported up to six PCI slots, enhancing peripheral device integration and expansion capabilities. It also included integrated IDE controllers, facilitating connections for hard drives and CD-ROM devices.

Overall, the Intel 440GX chipset represented a balanced combination of performance, flexibility, and technology advancements for its time. Its introduction helped establish a foundation for subsequent advancements in PC technology and set the stage for more powerful computing systems in the years to come.

Intel 440GX manual System Bus Clock Layout 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 2 82443GX GTL+ Bus Interface

Models: 440GX

2.9.6.2 System Bus Clock Layout

2.9.6.3

2.9.6.4

2.9.6.5

3.5.2 82443GX GTL+ Bus Interface

3.6.2 DIMM Solution With FET Switches

440GX specifications