Cisco Systems Comprehensive Guide to 802.1X Authentication for Cisco IP Phones

Chapter

Understanding Security Features for Cisco Unified IP Phones

Supporting 802.1X Authentication on Cisco Unified IP Phones

These sections provide information about 802.1X support on the Cisco Unified IP Phones:

•Overview, page 1-16

•Required Network Components, page 1-16

•Best Practices—Requirements and Recommendations, page 1-16

Overview

Cisco Unified IP phones and Cisco Catalyst switches have traditionally used Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) to identify each other and determine parameters such as VLAN allocation and inline power requirements. However, CDP is not used to identify any locally attached PCs; therefore, Cisco Unified IP Phones provide an EAPOL pass-through mechanism, whereby a PC locally attached to the IP phone, may pass through EAPOL messages to the 802.1X authenticator in the LAN switch. This prevents the IP phone from having to act as the authenticator, yet allows the LAN switch to authenticate a data end point prior to accessing the network.

In conjunction with the EAPOL pass-through mechanism, Cisco Unified IP Phones provide a proxy EAPOL-Logoff mechanism. In the event that the locally attached PC is disconnected from the IP phone, the LAN switch would not see the physical link fail, because the link between the LAN switch and the IP phone is maintained. To avoid compromising network integrity, the IP phone sends an EAPOL-Logoff message to the switch, on behalf of the downstream PC, which triggers the LAN switch to clear the authentication entry for the downstream PC.

The Cisco Unified IP phones also contain an 802.1X supplicant, in addition to the EAPOL pass-through mechanism. This supplicant allows network administrators to control the connectivity of IP phones to the LAN switch ports. The current release of the phone 802.1X supplicant uses the EAP-FAST, EAP-TLS, and EAP-MD5 options for network authentication.

Required Network Components

Support for 802.1X authentication on Cisco Unified IP Phones requires several components, including:

•Cisco Unified IP Phone—The phone acts as the 802.1X supplicant, which initiates the request to access the network.

•Cisco Secure Access Control Server (ACS) (or other third-party authentication server)—The authentication server and the phone must both be configured with a shared secret that is used to authenticate the phone.

•Cisco Catalyst Switch (or other third-party switch)—The switch must support 802.1X, so it can act as the authenticator and pass the messages between the phone and the authentication server. When the exchange is completed, the switch then grants or denies the phone access to the network.

Best Practices—Requirements and Recommendations

•Enable 802.1X Authentication—If you want to use the 802.1X standard to authenticate Cisco Unified IP Phones, be sure that you have properly configured the other components before enabling it on the phone. See the “802.1X Authentication and Status” section on page 4-8for more information.

	Cisco Unified IP Phone 8941 and 8945 Administration Guide for Cisco Unified Communications Manager 8.5 (SCCP and SIP)
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