FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

2.3HOW THE MCS·85SYSTEM WORKS

The 8085A CPU generates signals that tell peripheral devices what type of information is 9n the multiplexed Address/Data bus and from that point on the operation is almost identical to the MCS-80™ CPU Group. A multiplexed bus structure was chosen because it freed device pins so that more functions could be integrated on the 8085A and other components of the fami- ly. The multiplexed bus is designed to allow complete compatibility to existing peripheral

components with improved timing margins and access requirements. (See Figure 2-8.)

To enhance the system integration of MCS-85, several special components with combined memory and I/O were designed. These new devices directly interface to the multiplexed bus of the 8085A. The pin locations of the 8085A and the special peripheral components are assigned to minimize PC board area and to allow for efficient layout. The details on peripheral components are contained in subse- quent paragraphs of this chapter and in Chapters 5 and 6.

 

 

 

 

 

ADDRESS BUS

 

 

 

SOSSA

_ ALE

 

 

 

1 ---

INTR - ·

----

 

I

MULTIPLEXED

INTA -----

<II

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADDRESS/DATA BUS

-------- I

IC> ---

AD

RESET IN

10 ---

WR

RESET OUT ------- I

1 ----

IO/M

 

 

 

 

 

 

FIGURE 2·SAMC8-S0™ cPU GROUP

FIGURE 2·SBMCS·S5™ cPU/SOS5A (MCS-SO COMPATIBLE

 

FUNCTIONS)

DATA/ADDRESS BUS

==)(__A7_.AO_...JX___~_·D_o__L

ADDRESS

DATA IN OR OUT

TIME MULTIPLEX DATA BUS

FIGURE 2·SC MULTIPLEXED BUS TIMING

FIGURE 2·8BASIC CPU FUNCTIONS

2-6

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Intel MCS-80/85 manual HOW the MCS·85SYSTEM Works, ·8BASIC CPU Functions

MCS-80/85 specifications

The Intel MCS-80/85 family, introduced in the late 1970s, is a seminal collection of microprocessors that played a pivotal role in the early days of computing. The MCS-80 series, initially targeting embedded systems and control applications, gained remarkable attention due to its innovative architecture and flexible programming capabilities.

The MCS-80 family is anchored by the 8080 microprocessor, which was one of the first fully integrated 8-bit microprocessors. Released in 1974, the 8080 operated at clock speeds ranging from 2 MHz to 3 MHz and featured a 16-bit address bus capable of addressing up to 64KB of memory. The processor’s instruction set included around 78 instructions, providing extensive capabilities for data manipulation, logic operations, and branching.

Complementing the 8080 was a suite of support chips, forming the MCS-80 platform. The most notable among them was the 8155, which integrated a static RAM, I/O ports, and a timer, tailored for ease of designing systems around the 8080. Other support chips included the 8085, which provided improvements with an integrated clock generator, making it compatible with more modern designs and applications.

The MCS-85 series, on the other hand, revolves around the 8085 microprocessor, which provided a more advanced architecture. The 8085 operated at clock speeds of up to 6 MHz and came with a 16-bit address bus, similar to its predecessor. However, it introduced more sophisticated features, including an enhanced instruction set and support for interrupt-driven programming. These enhancements made the 8085 especially appealing to developers working in real-time processing environments.

The MCS-80/85 family utilized NMOS technology, known for its lower power consumption and higher performance compared to previous technologies like TTL. The family’s architecture allowed for easy interfacing with a variety of peripherals, making it a favorite for educational institutions and hobbyists embarking on computer engineering projects.

With its robustness, versatility, and affordability, the Intel MCS-80/85 microprocessors laid the groundwork for many subsequent microcomputer systems and applications. The legacy of this powerful family continues to influence modern microprocessor design, emphasizing the importance of reliable architecture in a rapidly evolving technology landscape.