Terrain Alerting, Baro-Corrected Altitude

SECTION 12

TERRAIN

TERRAIN Alerting

TERRAIN uses information provided from the GPS receiver to provide a horizontal position and altitude. GPS altitude is derived from satellite measurements. GPS altitude is converted to a mean sea level (MSL)-based altitude (GPS-MSL altitude) and is used to determine TERRAIN alerts. GPS-MSL altitude accuracy is affected by factors such as satellite geometry, but it is not subject to variations in pressure and temperature that normally affect pressure altitude devices. GPS-MSL altitude does not require local altimeter settings to determine MSL altitude. Therefore, GPS altitude provides a highly accurate and reliable MSL altitude source to calculate terrain and obstacle alerts.

TERRAIN utilizes terrain and obstacle databases that are referenced to mean sea level (MSL). Using the GPS position and GPS-MSL altitude, TERRAIN displays a 2-D picture of the surrounding terrain and obstacles relative to the position and altitude of the aircraft. Furthermore, the GPS position and GPS-MSL altitude are used to calculate and “predict” the aircraft’s ﬂight path in relation to the surrounding terrain and obstacles. In this manner, TERRAIN can provide advanced alerts of predicted dangerous terrain conditions. Detailed alert modes are described later in this section.

Baro-Corrected Altitude

Baro-corrected altitude (or indicated altitude) is derived by adjusting the altimeter setting for local atmospheric conditions. The most accurate baro-corrected altitude can be achieved by frequently updating the altimeter setting to the nearest reporting station along the ﬂight path. However, because actual atmosphere conditions seldom match the standard conditions deﬁned by the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) model (where pressure, temperature, and lapse rates have ﬁxed values), it is common for the baro-corrected altitude (as read from the altimeter) to differ from the GPS-MSL altitude. This variation results in the aircraft’s true altitude differing from the baro-corrected altitude.

Using TERRAIN

During power-up, the terrain/obstacle database versions are displayed along with a disclaimer to the pilot. At the same time, TERRAIN self-test begins. A test failure is annunciated for TERRAIN as shown in Table 12-4.

12-2

GNS 530(A) Pilot’s Guide and Reference

190-00181-00 Rev. E

GNS 530(A) specifications

The 3D Connexion GNS 530(A) is a sophisticated avionics solution designed specifically for general aviation and business aviation environments. It serves as an influential tool for pilots, offering enhanced navigation and communication capabilities. This device is particularly popular among those operating in complex airspaces and those who require efficient flight planning and execution.

One of the standout features of the GNS 530(A) is its integrated GPS navigation system. This system provides accurate positioning and navigation data, utilizing high-sensitivity GPS technology that improves situational awareness and safety. The device displays a comprehensive moving map, enabling pilots to visualize their flight routes, airspace boundaries, and nearby airports easily. Furthermore, it utilizes WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) capabilities, enhancing the accuracy of GPS signals and allowing for precision approaches.

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The device also incorporates advanced safety features, such as terrain awareness and warning systems (TAWS) and traffic information systems (TIS). These technologies provide real-time alerts, helping pilots avoid potential hazards and maintain safe distances from other aircraft.

The GNS 530(A) is renowned for its durability and reliability, meeting rigorous aviation standards. Its user-friendly design ensures that pilots with various skill levels can efficiently use its features, making it an invaluable tool for enhancing airborne operations. Overall, the 3D Connexion GNS 530(A) significantly contributes to the efficiency, safety, and enjoyment of flying, representing a vital component in modern aviation avionics.

3D Connexion GNS 530(A) manual Terrain Alerting, Baro-Corrected Altitude, Using Terrain

Models: GNS 530(A)