Glossary

Asynchronous transmission ‹ Method of sending data in which the interval between characters may be of unequal length. The characters transmitted include a start bit and one or more stop bits, which define the beginning and ending of the character. No synchronizing or timing signals need to be sent. Contrast with synchronous transmission.

AT&T® 5ESS ‹ The name of a central office switch manufactured by AT&T. These switches use Custom (proprietary) or National ISDN-1 (NI-1) software. ESS stands for Electronic Switching System.

Attenuation ‹ Signal power lost in a transmission medium as the signal travels from sender to receiver.

B8ZS (Bipolar with 8 Zeros Substitution) ‹ A method of digitally encoding data on a link. A modified form of AMI used in USA.

Backward explicit congestion notification (BECN) ‹ A bit set by a frame relay network to notify an interface device (DTE) that congestion avoidance procedures should be initiated by the sending device.

Bandwidth ‹ Capacity for transmitting data through a given circuit. Generally, the greater the bandwidth, the more information can be sent through a circuit during a given amount of time.

Basic transmission unit (BTU) ‹ In SNA, the unit of data and control information passed between control components. A BTU can consist of one or more patch information units (PIUs).

Bc (committed burst size) ‹ For Frame relay, the maximum amount of data in bits that a network agrees to transfer under normal conditions over a measurement interval (T). Data may or may not be contiguous. Bc is negotiated with the carrier provider.

B channel ‹ A 56 Kbps or 64 Kbps bearer channel. Typically used for delivering data or voice over ISDN.

Be ‹ See Excess Burst Size.

BECN ‹ See backward explicit congestion notification.

Bearer Service ‹ A type of telecommunications service that provides the capability to transmit a specific type of data such as voice or fax.

Bonding ‹ Bonding is the act of combining two 64Kbps B-channels to derive a 128 Kbps channel. This is done by establishing two B-channel circuit switched calls and combining them in the customer's equipment (using Multilink PPP or the bonding specification) or by associating multiple B-channels in the network (multirate services).

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