Head, Defines the name of the file to display | Kentrox AI296

AI296 Version 9.8x User’s Guide

AI296 Commands: head

head

Description

This command displays the first few lines of a file.

Command Type

shell

Formats

head [ -nlines ] file_name ...

Parameters

[ -nlines ]	Defines the number of lines to display. The default is 20.
file_name	Defines the name of the file to display.

	Note: Several filenames can be entered with this command.

Examples

This example displays the first 30 lines of file core.txt.

[296]head -n 30 core.txt
296 crash dump at 14:16:30, 07-20-2004 (up 0									days 00:31:46):
Version 96HPC960.000007 created					on	2004-03-29 at 09:43:35
Crash Code= 000000ad
PC= 00000000		SP=	00000000		IMMR=		00000000			MSR= 00000000
GPR00= 00000000		GPR01= 00000000					GPR02=		00000000
GPR03= 00000000		GPR04= 00000000					GPR05=		00000000
GPR06= 00000000		GPR07= 00000000					GPR08=		00000000
GPR09= 00000000		GPR10= 00000000					GPR11=		00000000
GPR12= 00000000		GPR13= 00000000					GPR14=		00000000
GPR15= 00000000		GPR16= 00000000					GPR17=		00000000
GPR18= 00000000		GPR19= 00000000					GPR20=		00000000
GPR21= 00000000		GPR22= 00000000					GPR23=		00000000
GPR24= 00000000		GPR25= 00000000					GPR26=		00000000
GPR27= 00000000		GPR28= 00000000					GPR29=		00000000
GPR30= 00000000		GPR31= 00000000
CR= 00000000		SSR0= 00000000			SSR1= 00000000
LR= 00000000		XER= 00000000			CTR=		00000000
PVR= 00500000		PSOS1= 00000000			PSOS2=			00000000		PSOS3= 00000000
Stack dump:										Caller
200082c0: 9421 ffc8			7c08	02a6 bea1		000c		9001	003c	[see LR]
200082d0: 7c7f		1b78	3ae0 0000 4800			1419		7c76	1b78
200082e0:	56d6	001e	3b16	3e82 a338		0000		572c	043e
200082f0: 7d96 6214			3bcc 2004 82be			0000		7ebd	ab78
20008300: 7fe3		fb78	4801	76bd 7c7c		1b78		578a	043e
20008310: 2c0a		0100	4081	0008 3b80		0100		3b60	0000
20008320:	576c	043e	578b	043e 7c0c		5800		4080	001c
[296]

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Kentrox AI296 manual Head, This command displays the first few lines of a file, Defines the name of the file to display

Contents

AI296TM Page About this Document Labels Document ConventionsConvention Meaning Tip Iii Electrostatic Discharge Caution Ground Caution Proper Cooling Caution FCC Warning Email Support Customer AssistanceWeb Site Support Phone Support Table of Contents AI296 Local Menu System Exiting the Menu System IP Over X.25 Subnet Configuration AI296 Link Types Asynchronous Asynchronous PPP HDLC-Bridge TOC-4 Diagnostics for TID Multiplexing TID Multiplexing AI296 Commands Appendix a AI296 System Codes Appendix B Standalone Mode and Switch Mode AI296 Commands AI296 Menu Aliases FTP Sessions Product Description Features Standalone Configuration Performance Monitoring, Maintenance, TroubleshootingRemote and Local Configuration Link-to-Link Call Routing System Diagnostics TID Multiplexing AI296 Hardware Components Links 1-4 Connector Links 5-8 ConnectorLinks 13-16 Connector Links 9-12 Connector Technical Specifications Component Description CAB257 Cable Individual Port AccessDescription Specification DP196 Distribution Panel DB-25 Connectors Pin Signal Direction RJ45 10BaseT Connectors Displays the RJ45 10BaseT connector Pin Typical Applications Asynchronous to TCP/IP Application IP Over X.25 Networks Illustrates a common IP over X.25 application AI296 Version 9.8x User’s Guide Mixed Asynchronous and X.25 Networks Mixed Asynchronous and X.25 Network AI296 Version 9.8x User’s Guide To TCP/IP Application X.25 to TCP/IP Application Trunking Illustrates a common X.25 trunking application AI296 Version 9.8x User’s Guide Using the AI198TM Menu System Accessing the Menu System Types of Menu Items Navigating the Menu SystemMenu Numbering Structure Following four types of menu items are available Data SubmenusToggles Menu re-appears with the entered IP address Menu Item Descriptions FunctionsMenu Item Description Exiting the Menu System AI296 Local Menu System TACACS+ Authentication Multilevel User Name and Password SecurityRadius Authentication PPP Authentication Protocols PAP and Chap Using a Telnet Connection for Login Logging Into AI296 Using an Asynchronous Port for Login Consecutive failed login attempts Number of consecutive failed login attempts Accessing the Local Menu System Data Entry Items Navigating the Local Menu SystemIdentifying Types of Menu Items Direction Keys Toggle Items Accessing the Help Menu Send Exiting the Local Menu System Save the changes System Configuration Description General System Properties ConfigurationDestination Menu Break Sequence Format Configuration in the AI198 Menu System Menu Item Type Configuration in the AI296 Local Menu System Ethernet Port SettingsToggle for both menu items FTP Port This menu item sets the FTP server port number IP Settings This example displays 16 FTP port number set to Menu Item Types Passive Link Settings Access Menu Default is No Access the System MenuMinimum value is 25 seconds and the default is 60 seconds System Prompt This item sets the system prompt value in the CLI Toggle TCP SettingsTo on Telnet Port This item sets the Telnet port value for AI296 This example displays Telnet Port set to Radius Configuration Server Settings Enabled FALLBACK. The default is Disabled To configure the shell/FTP Radius option Access MenuShell/FTP Options Enabled TACACS+ Configuration Shell/FTP Options 00049 Authentication Traps Snmp ConfigurationAI296 Local Menu Item Configuration Community Names Data for all menu items Following example displays WriteComm Menu Contact Persons Node Information Snmp Manager 10.65.32.4 Static Route Configuration IP Address Settings Inactivity Timeout TID to Modem Mux ConfigurationFollowing are available This example displays Inactivity Timeout set to Initialization String This example displays Init String set to conn23 Port Bit SettingsToggle for all menu items TID to Route AI296 Local Menu Item Configuration Time Configuration Daylight Savings Time Sntp Settings Settings Access the Time Menu located under the System Menu Time Zone IP Over X.25 Subnet Configuration Configuration Overview Before Configuration Local Settings Local IP Address for this Subnet Local IP Subnet Mask This menu item configures the local IXE doorway link number Local X.25 Link Number Remote Settings Remote IP Address for this Subnet Remote X.121 Address 93.67.158.56 Link Configuration Asynchronous AI296 has six configurable link typesAI296 Link Types Asynchronous PPP HDLC-Bridge Synchronous PPP See Also BX.25 Configuration Values Usage BX.25 ConfigurationDefault is Enabled BX.25 Modulo BX.25 Support BX.25 Timer Settings This example displays BX.25 Support set to Enabled 00033 Alias Connect Options ConfigurationAccess Menu For 02 Alias, enter 2, and the alias name Link Type Availability Call Retry Interval This example displays 02 Alias set to async.4.1 Connect String This example displays 03 Call retry interval set to When Default is OFF Connection SettingsConnection settings are configured using three menu items Is on 00030 Link Application Destination AppAlias Disconnect Inactivity Timer Settings Disconnect Options ConfigurationDisconnect inactivity timer when the link receives a call Off. The default is On This example displays Select on or OFF. The default is on This example displaysIs Off Disconnect settings are configured using two menu items Disconnect SettingsDefault is on Disconnect String Disconnect Auto Disable Error Limit General Link Properties ConfigurationAsync, AsyncPPP, HDLC-Bridge, MLT, SyncPPP, Flow Control Async and AsyncPPP Hardware Interface Interface Type Access the Link MenuThis example displays SW Flow Control set to XonXoff This example displays Interface Type set to Access menu 4.2.11.12.8 for MLT or menu 4.2.11.12.7 for Interface ModeMLT Link Description This menu item defines a description for a link Link Mode This example displays Link Description set to New X.25 Link This example displays 05*Link mode set to Passive Link Number Link State This menu item enables or disables a linkThis example displays 01 Link number set to Link Type This example displays Link state set to Down Default is Disabled Passive Link with Clocking Port Data Bits This menu item defines the number of databits in a data byte Port Parity This example displays Port data bits set to Seven This menu item defines the baud rate for a port Port SpeedThis example displays Port parity set to Odd Data in the AI296 local menu system Menu 4.2.11.12.5 appears Hdlc Port Stop Bits Sync Port Encoding This menu item sets the binary encoding on a port Xon Repeat Interval Aysnc and AsyncPPP This example displays 10 Xon Repeat interval set to Following menu items are available for PPP configuration General PPP Properties ConfigurationIpcp Address Settings AsyncPPP and SyncPPP Ipcp Address Parameters Maximum Unit Settings Set to Network Control Protocol For an Ipcp network control protocol Ipcp Lapb Parameters Configuration Frame Settings For Frame Window Size, enter the window size. The default is Size set to Lapb Timer Settings N2 Retry Counter 150 Modem Option Configuration Modem String Dialing Time-out Interval Number of Dial Attempts This example displays Dialing time-outset to Modem Setup Menu This example displays Number of dial attempts set to PPP Authentication Configuration Local Authentication Settings PAP RAS Option Radius Remote Authentication Settings Chap Quick X.25 Configuration Active Number of PVCs This example displays Number of PVCs set to Packet SettingsToggle for max packet size Data for packet window size 128 256 512 Normal Passive Extended SVC Settings Local Address This example displays SVC Low set to 250 and SVC High set to This example displays X121 Local Address set to DTR State Configuration RTS/DTR Lead Control ConfigurationAsync and AsyncPPP and SyncPPP RTS State Configuration Flow Control DTR connect state Off DTR disconnect state Parameters Configuration Maximum Packet Size Packet Window Size This example displays Max Packet Size set to Protocol Version This example displays Packet Window Size set to Counter Settings Default is This example displays Facilities Negotiation Timer Settings 12,90000 Parameters Menu 43729 Virtual Circuit Configuration PVC Configuration Settings PVCs are configured using four menu items Menu PVC Type LCN Range CallTmr ResetTmr PVC Type Timer Type Range Default Passive Reset Timer This example displays For Timer Value, select the timer interval value SVC Configuration Settings Menu Item Type 0005 TID Multiplexing Overview AI296 Version 9.8x User’s Guide Configuring the Parent Alias TID Multiplexing ConfigurationMenu appears Values are 1 to Destination Configuring the Children Aliases TidforAI296 Defines the terminal identifier for AI296 During the parent alias configuration TIDtid Example Configurations For Alias name, enter YES Alias Edit Menu Alias Name 172.16.1.23#1000 TL1DM.1 Alias Edit Menu Alias Name Normal Response Format TID Multiplexing TroubleshootingParameters Response Item Description Error Response Format Normal Response Example Error Response Example Diagnostics for TID MultiplexingErrcde AI296 Version 9.8x User’s Guide Alias and Call Routing Configuration Call DownstreamIncoming Outgoing AI296 Card B IP address Tocardb X25.2.67891 Configuring an Alias in the AI198 Menu System Call Routing AI296 Version 9.8x User’s Guide Configuring an Alias in the AI296 Menu System Alias Edit Menu Arranging Aliases in the Alias Table Configuring an Alias with X.25 Keep-Alive Notifies the 296 that this is the X-25 keep-alive feature Where Source/Destination Protocol Tables Async 25 SVC Asynchronous Source Without Breaks AI198Source Destination Menu Item Information Following options are available Packetized Asynchronous Source With Breaks AI198Async With Following options are available TL1 Break On a CR X.25 SVC Source Without Breaks AI198 Option Packetizing With async Break Address Async Call data X.25 SVC Source With Breaks AI198Called Time Called Following options are available Address X.25 PVC Source Without Breaks AI19825 PVC 25 SVC Alias name 25 PVC Alias name 25 PVC TL1 PAD TL1 25 PVC Async with Alias name25 PVC Async break Called TCP/IP Source Without Telnet Breaks AI198 With Called Following options are available Break Address Async Alias nameTCP/IP Source With Telnet Breaks AI198 With Called Async break Called Async with Alias nameAsynchronous Source Without Breaks AI296 Async 25 SVC Alias name Async 25 PVC Alias name Async With Called 10 Asynchronous Source With Breaks AI296Protocol Async 25 PVC Alias name TL1 Break Async Address Packetized Call data 11 X.25 SVC Source Without Breaks AI296 12 X.25 SVC Source With Breaks AI296 Break Address Caller’s 13 X.25 PVC Source Without Breaks AI296 14 X.25 PVC Source With Breaks AI296 15 TCP/IP Source Without Telnet Breaks AI296 16 TCP/IP Source With Telnet Breaks AI296 Async with Alias name Protocol Processing Modules Module Types Aepx Prevents the PAD protocol from passing breaks downstream Enables Macstar compatibilityPrevents the PAD protocol from passing breaks upstream Causes the PAD protocol to reply to X.25 breaks To zero, the option is turned off An X.25 when X.3 parameter 3 is set toProvides packetizing and sets the packetizing timer to Specify up to 16 characters Provides packetizing but prevents breaks from being Carriage return and semi-colonFeed and delete Propagated upstream To zero, this option is turned off Feed and delete Provides TL1 packetizing and sets the packetizing timer toSeconds Provides TL1 packetizing and prevents breaks from passing Module Properties Module Arguments Entry Description Alias Macro Components Start SymbolsAlias Macros Comments Variables Wildcard SymbolsConstants Variable Value Operators Operator Description Returns the Ascii integer value of the first 20 Alias Macro FunctionsAlias Macro Function Description of Operation Character in a string Returns characters from string starting with Match any of the expressions, then default is20 Alias Macro Functions Xth character and continuing to the right-most end Alias Macro Configuration Configuration Examples =LA,PA,’#’,1-1=MYIP1 SVC to SVC Connection Alias Configuration ExamplesExamples are given for the following connections TL1 SVC to PVC Connection Diagram SVC to PVC Connection PVC PVC to SVC Connection Called address 16.X25.2.3 MLT Route MLT Call Routing Example MLT6 Link-to-Link Routing Example Menu F1 Help F2 Send F4 Close Ctrl-R Return to Main Menu AI296 Commands Shell Connections Commands OverviewShell Commands Establishing a Local Shell Connection Establishing a Remote Shell Connection Using winslc Commands Winslc CommandsDisplaying winslc Command Logging Log/Alarm Message Header Header Element Description Formats Command TypeAaa Shell Disable-Disables TACACS+ authentication All-Enables or disables TACACS+ authentication on allAsync-Enables or disables TACACS+ authentication on Enable-Enables TACACS+ authentication AI296 Version 9.8x User’s Guide AI296 Version 9.8x User’s Guide Command Defaults Examples AAA Hyphens AlarmFollowing parameters is accepted Caused the alarm is resolved Alarm groupSelf-clearing alarms clear themselves when the problem that Unmask. Valid values are existing alarm groups This example displays alarms for links 5-8in group links This example displays all system alarms in group linksThis example displays all alarms by severity level This example displays the unmasking of alarm group links Command Types Arp Column Description 296arp -d Mapping for 10.40.53.2 deleted Break 296break 10.40.5.11#1821 Breaking connection 10.40.5.11#1821 Bridge This example displays the dumping of the bridge table Reset error counters for links 1 CresetTo reset error counters for links 1, 2, Example, 1,2-3 to reset error counters for links 1, 2, Date Debug This example displays the enabling of all debug data logging Filename Defines the name of the file to delete This command deletes a specified file that resides on AI296Delete This example displays the deletion of file log.txt Diag-conn Display Item Description Pattern 1, Logic 2, and Pattern 3 are evaluated before This option prompts for the ID of the connection to viewDisplays details for that connection Logic 4 and Pattern 5 are considered Using Interpretation Mode Diag-eth Using the Help Option Deletes a filter Following formats apply to filtersAdds a filter Defines the source address MAC, IP, or TCP/UDP Adds or deletes a specific protocol filter. Available MAC/IP address settingsDefines the TCP/UDP port number regardless Protocol filters are This example displays Ethernet diagnostic help information Ijkl FF FC This example displays the deletion of filter protocol tcp This example displays the deletion of all filters Diag-info Means the X.25 frame level is established Displays the link numberMeans the X.25 frame level is not established Buffers were available Displays the name of the Streams resource Last rebootedRebooted Displays the number of free or available Streams resources Specifies that the link is not established Connection to be enabledDisplays the state of the driver. Two states are available Displays the number of bytes coming into the link Received packets Had CRC errorsDisplays the number of frame length violations Displays the number of short received frames Displays the number of bytes received on Displays the number of frames received onConnection Displays the number of times transmitted frames Displays the number of frames received on the connection Does not indicate an errorDisplays the number of transmit errors that have occurred Displays the number of bytes received on the connection Excessive deferral timer is exceeded. An excessive deferral ErrorsDisplays the number of alignment errors Error is recorded when the following events occur Following values may appear Ethernet interface needs to be resetDisplays the current state of the Ethernet interface. Ethernet interface is uninitialized Diag-line Option Function Diag-line Only present in data packets, then the data byte count is Displayed as Ascii String Diag-tconn Baseport Defines the baseport number for AI296 Dir This example displays all available files Exit This example displays an exit from the current shell session Head This command displays the first few lines of a fileDefines the number of lines to display. The default is Defines the name of the file to display This example displays a list of all available commands Help This example displays help information for command show Formats Examples This command displays the current user name and profileThis example displays the current user name and profile This example displays the configured IP address information Ip init Enter IP Address Range default 1 Setting range to 296 Link This example displays the starting of links 1 through 4 This example displays the stopping of links 6 Linkstat This command displays link statistic informationFor the AI296 system command Baseport Indicates the baseport number of AI296 C D 9600 RS-232 @AI198154041 072204 Sev=F Base=064 Msg This command turns the display of log messages on or off Log Logout This command closes a shell sessionThis example displays the closing of a shell session This command displays a list of available files Menu This command accesses the AI296 main menu systemThis example displays the AI296 Main Menu More Pad This example displays the setting of the PAD profile Resets the current callEnables the transparent mode of operation Sets page wait to n lines Winslc This command forces AI296 to crash dump and haltPanic Baseport Defines the AI296 baseport number This command changes an existing user’s password Passwd Ping Pppstatus Displays one of the following IP address of AI296 if the link status is Running Profilename-Defines the name of a user profile Command Type shell FormatsProfile Have write permission Lists all user profile names Newprofile-Defines the name of a new user profileRemoves a user profile. The following parameter is accepted Pvcedit Forces the PVC to become passive Pvclist This example displays PVC information for link Column Description This command resets AI296 ResetThis example displays the resetting of AI296 This example displays AI296 receiving two files from a PC Selcnf Configuration fileCnf extension PDisplays the content of the file one page at a time Sholog Displays all active connections ShowDisplays comments Displays crash dump information Displays WAN diagnostic information MAC address when in standalone modeDisplays the default and backup gateway IP address Displays link data. The following parameters are accepted This example displays the AI296 version number This example displays the serial link performance for links Staeia This command displays the status of the EIA leadsLead is negated CTS This example displays the current standalone mode status Standalone Staslc Displays the number of framing errors Is asserted and means the signal is negatedDisplays the number of parity errors Displays the number of overrun errors Syncflash Sz filename Tacacs Displays the number of failed connection attempts that were This example displays a TACACS+ debug log fileTACACS+ server Made to the TACACS+ server Were received when AI296 attempted to read them from Displays the number of errors that occurred when AI296When AI296 attempted to read a packet from the TACACS+ Configuring the time out value, refer to command aaa on Tacacs server All-Enables or disables all AAA phases for the specified Configures the AAA phases that are allowed for specifiedAccount-Enables or disables the accounting phase for Authen-Enables or disables the authentication phase for Associated servers are enabled + or disabled DisabledDisplays the server numbers. The +/ signs indicate if Displays the TACACS+ shared secrets passwords for specified Servers Specifies that a line number value will be entered This command displays the last few lines of a fileTail This example displays the last 10 lines of file userlog.txt Tcpoutconn Tftp Tftp 106 File Downloaded successfully 296 Tftpboot 109 Timezone 111 Trace DefaultPriority Level This example displays the configuration of trace Traceroute This example displays the traceroute to IP address Type Defines the file for which you want to view the contentsDisplays text from the file one page at a time Update Defines the source file to copy Uptime Useradd Profilename Permission Specifies a user who can only execute the following commands Description of Permissions Profilename Userdel Users Who Xvc 124 AI296 System Codes This appendix provides information about AI296 system codes Standard Reset Indication Cause Codes Cause Codes and Diagnostic CodesCause Code Description 0x9B Remote DTE originated reset Kentrox-Specific Reset Indication Cause Codes0X1D Reset due to network out of order Standard Clear Indication Cause Codes Ccitt Diagnostic Codes Standard ISO Diagnostic Codes0x39 Ship absent 0x7F Registration/cancellation confirmed Cause Code Description Cause Code Description Kentrox-Specific Diagnostic Codes Crash Codes Error Code Description Hexadecimal DecimalCommon Crash Codes AI296 Crash Codes System Failure Crash Reports Kentrox Technical Support AI296 Version 9.8x User’s Guide Standalone Mode and Switch Mode At the FTP prompt, open AI296 Standalone ModeDownloading Software for a Standalone AI296 Transfer the software image to AI296 Configuring BOOTP/TFTP Downloading Software for AI296 in Switch Mode Switch ModeAt the FTP prompt, open AI198 Transfer the software image to AI198 Defines the software image file name AI296 Version 9.8x User’s Guide Commands for AI296 TACACS+ Server Enhancements AI296 Commands Following keyword lets users access destinations AI296 Menu Aliases Menu Menualias Provides FTP read access Following AI296 keywords apply to FTP accessFTP Sessions