Toshiba Corporation, File Number | Toshiba A3X instruction

Toshiba Personal Computer

Satellite A50S/TECRA A3X Series

Maintenance Manual

TOSHIBA CORPORATION

File Number 960-534

[CONFIDENTIAL]

Image 1

Toshiba A3X manual Toshiba Corporation, File Number

Contents

File Number Toshiba Corporation Copyright Preface Safety Precautions Confidential Acronyms Conventions Table of Contents Only ONE Test Chapter Tests and Diagnostics Appendices Chapter Confidential Confidential Hardware Overview Hardware Overview Chapter Contents Tables Figures Time required for charges of RTC battery Hardware Overview Features Hardware Overview Features ‰ Vram Hardware Overview Features ‰ LAN/MODEM Shows the front of the computer Shows the system units configuration Hardware Overview System Block Diagram System Block Diagram ‰ CPU System Block Diagram Hardware Overview Gpio System Block Diagram Hardware Overview Hardware Overview 3.5-inch USB Floppy Disk Drive 3.5-inch USB Floppy Disk Drive 2.5-inch Hard Disk Drive 2.5-inch HDD dimensions 2/22.5-inch Hard Disk Drive Hardware Overview Standard 96.6 113.2 2.5-inch HDD specifications 2/2 CD-ROM Drive Hardware Overview CD-ROM DriveG8CC0002R220 Specifications Items Hardware Overview CD-ROM Drive CD-ROM drive specifications DVD-ROM Drive Hardware Overview DVD-ROM DriveG8CC0002W220 G8CC0002E220 G8CC0002W220 Specifications DVD+R, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM 2.6GB/4.7GB Hardware Overview DVD-ROM & CD-R/RW Drive DVD-ROM & CD-R/RW DriveItems Standard Panasonic Items Panasonic G8CC0002J220 CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, CD-Audio Disc DVD Super Multi drive Hardware Overview DVD Super Multi driveItems Standards G8CC0002T220 G8CC0002S220 2MB CD-DA, CD-ROM, CD-ROM XA Specifications Panasonic G8CC0002T220 CD-DA, CD-ROM, CD-ROM XA, CD-I, Video CD Hardware Overview Keyboard Keyboard TFT Color Display Hardware Overview TFT Color DisplayLCD Module 12 LCD module specifications 15.0-inch SXGA+ TFT 2/2 FL Inverter Board 13 FL inverter board specifications Hardware Overview Power Supply Power Supply 1R8-B1V Power Supply Hardware Overview Power supply output rating1R5-E1V Main Battery Battery specificationsBatteries Hardware Overview Batteries 16 Time required for charges of main battery Battery Charging Control17 Battery preservation time Batteries Hardware Overview 18 Time required for charges of RTC battery RTC BatteryCondition Time 19 AC adapter specifications 2/2 19 AC adapter specifications 1/2AC Adapter AC Adapter Hardware Overview Hardware Overview AC Adapter Chapter Troubleshooting Procedures Troubleshooting Procedures Power Status Check Troubleshooting Procedures Troubleshooting flowchart Set of tool for debug port test Troubleshooting Procedures Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Troubleshooting Flowchart Troubleshooting Flowchart Troubleshooting flowchart 1/2 Troubleshooting Flowchart Troubleshooting Procedures Troubleshooting flowchart 2/2 Troubleshooting Flowchart Troubleshooting Procedures Troubleshooting Procedures Power Supply Troubleshooting Power Supply TroubleshootingProcedure 1 Power Status Check Battery icon Power Supply Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Error code Where Error occurs Procedure 2 Error Code Check Error code Meaning ‰ DC power supply AC adapter ‰ E5V output P61 ‰ PPV output P65 ‰ PTV output P75 Procedure 4 Charging Check Procedure 3 Connection Check Procedure 5 Replacement Check System Board Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures System Board Troubleshooting Procedure 1 Message Check Troubleshooting Procedures System Board Troubleshooting KBC Error HDC Error A set of tool for debug port test Procedure 2 Debug Port Check Port Inspection items Details Status Memori Clear CHGFIRMA.EXE Irtbiossignchk Irtinismbaseend Irtinipciend Port Inspection items Details Port status Inspection items Details Ffffh Procedure 4 Replacement Check Procedure 3 Diagnostic Test Program Execution Check 3.5 FDD Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures 3.5 FDD TroubleshootingProcedure 1 FDD Head Cleaning Check Procedure 2 Diagnostic Test Program Execution Check Troubleshooting Procedures 3.5 FDD TroubleshootingFDD error code and status Code Status Flkcs PCB Procedure 3 Connector Check and Replacement Check Troubleshooting Procedures 2.5 HDD Troubleshooting 2.5 HDD TroubleshootingProcedure 1 Partition Check Procedure 2 Message Check 2.5 HDD Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Procedure 3 Format Check 2.5 Hard disk drive error code and status Procedure 4 Diagnostic Test Program Execution Check Procedure 5 Connector Check and Replacement Check Keyboard Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Keyboard TroubleshootingProcedure 1 Diagnostic Test Program Execution Check Procedure 2 Connector Check and Replacement Check Troubleshooting Procedures Display Troubleshooting Display TroubleshootingProcedure 1 External Monitor Check Procedure 3 Connector and Cable Check Display Troubleshooting Troubleshooting ProceduresLCD module FL inverter System board CN5000 Procedure 4 Replacement Check Touch Pad Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Touch Pad TroubleshootingProcedure 2 Connector Check & Replacement Check Troubleshooting Procedures Optical Drive Troubleshooting Optical Drive Troubleshooting Modem Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Modem Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures LAN Troubleshooting LAN Troubleshooting Sound Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Sound TroubleshootingProcedure 2 Connector Check Procedure 3 Replacement Check Troubleshooting Procedures Sound Troubleshooting Wireless LAN Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Wireless LAN TroubleshootingProcedure 1 Transmitting-Receiving Check Procedure 2 Antennas Connection Check Troubleshooting Procedures Wireless LAN Troubleshooting Chapter Tests and Diagnostics Tests and Diagnostics 20.1 Heatrun Test20.2 21.1 31.1 Function Description Accessing the Setup Program Tables Tests and Diagnostics Tests and Diagnostics Diagnostic Test Diagnostic TestDiagnostics menu Diagnostic Test Tests and Diagnostics Heatrun test program 2 H/W Hardware initial information setting tool Executing the Diagnostic Test Tests and Diagnostics Executing the Diagnostic TestDiagnostics menu T&D Tests and Diagnostics Executing the Diagnostic Test System Test Name 2 H/W initial information setting tool Setting of the hardware configuration Tests and Diagnostics Setting of the hardware configuration Tests and Diagnostics Setting of the hardware configuration Setting of the hardware configuration Tests and Diagnostics Heatrun Test Tests and Diagnostics Heatrun Test Subtest Names Subtest Names Tests and DiagnosticsTest Name Subtest No Subtest Name Async Tests and Diagnostics Subtest Names Subtest names 2/2 System Test System Test Tests and Diagnostics Tests and Diagnostics System Test Memory Test Memory Test Tests and Diagnostics Keyboard Test Tests and Diagnostics Keyboard Test Display Test Display Test Tests and Diagnostics Tests and Diagnostics Display Test Display Test Tests and Diagnostics Floppy Disk Test Tests and Diagnostics Floppy Disk Test Floppy Disk Test Tests and Diagnostics Printer Test Tests and Diagnostics Printer Test Confidential Async Test Tests and Diagnostics Async Test Hard Disk Test Hard Disk Test Tests and Diagnostics Tests and Diagnostics Hard Disk Test HDD Tests and Diagnostics Real Timer Test Real Timer Test Real Timer Test Tests and Diagnostics NDP Test Tests and Diagnostics NDP Test Sub# Address Good Bad Contents Expansion Test Tests and DiagnosticsExpansion Test Tests and Diagnostics Expansion Test CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Test CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Test Tests and Diagnostics Tests and Diagnostics Error Code and Error Status Names Error Code and Error Status NamesDevice name Error code Error status name PRT Time OUT No Pcmcia Hard disk controller status register contents Hard Disk Test Detail Status Tests and DiagnosticsHard Disk Test Detail Status BBK Operations Program Description If Test OK, Press DellEnterkey Only ONE Test Button, return to the only ONE Test menu automatically Subtest 05 USB Press Enter and following message appears in the display Head Cleaning Tests and Diagnostics Head CleaningFunction Description Enter Log Utilities Tests and Diagnostics Log Utilities 00 00 0000 FDD-WRITE Protected Log Utilities Tests and Diagnostics Running Test Tests and Diagnostics Running Test Floppy Disk Drive Utilities Floppy Disk Drive Utilities Tests and Diagnostics Tests and Diagnostics Floppy Disk Drive Utilities Floppy Disk Format & Copy DIAGNOSTICS-HARD Disk & Floppy Disk Dump Following message will appear. To finish the dump, select Tests and Diagnostics System Configuration System Configuration System Configuration Display Ver X.XX Machine Name??? System Configuration Tests and Diagnostics Wireless LAN Test Program Intel-made b/g MAC = Setting the responder machine 11g Communication Test NG Wireless LAN Test Program Intel-made a/b/g SKU NG Aux Antenna Test NG 11a Communication Test NG Confidential Wireless LAN Test Program Askey-made Tests and Diagnostics Wireless LAN Test Program Askey-madeSetting the tester DUT machine Tests and Diagnostics Wireless LAN Test Program Askey-made MAC Address Check OK Tests and Diagnostics Wireless LAN Test Program Askey-made LAN test 29 LAN/Modem/Bluetooth/IEEE1394 Test Program LAN transmit & receive test Completed Repeat count 00000 Confidential Modem loopback test Modem test Bluetooth test Sssss Message Contents Error message Error code for Bluetooth test Bdaddr 1/2 See the Specification of the Bluetooth System in detail Eeeeeee MM P M M M P Error code for Bluetooth test Bdaddr of the DUT 1/2 Confidential IEEE1394 test Sound Test program Sound Test program Tests and DiagnosticsSound Standard test Tests and Diagnostics Sound Test program Sound Legacy test Pass Count Write Data Read Data Address Xxxxxx Status XXX CD Sound Standard test Return to the CD Sound Standard menu after the test ends CD Sound Legacy test Setup Tests and Diagnostics Setup Tests and Diagnostics Setup Accessing the Setup Program Confidential Accepting Changes and Exiting the Setup Window Moving Within the Setup Menu and Changing ValuesFactory Preset Configuration HDD Mode Password Write Policy System Date Sets date System Time Sets time Setup Options Low Setup Tests and Diagnostics Using the AC adapter Fn+F1 Setup Tests and Diagnostics LCD Display Stretch Ntsc US Disable the Execute-Disable Bit function Enable the Execute-Disable Bit functionAuto Power On All Devices LPT setting Interrupt level Address DMA channel LPT setting Interrupt level AddressCOM level CD-ROM ECP Legacy Emulation Chapter Replacement Procedures Replacement Procedures Parallel port board/Serial port board/S-Video board Overview 105 Removing Battery Pack 53 to 4-100 Replacing Fluorescent Lamp Overview Overview Replacement Procedures Safety Precautions Replacement Procedures Overview Before You Begin Disassembly Procedures Tools and Equipment Assembly Procedure Grip Color Screw Tightening Torque Screw Notation Replacement Procedures Battery Pack/PC Card Battery Pack/PC CardBattery Pack Removing the battery pack Installing the battery pack Battery Pack/PC Card Replacement Procedures PC Card Removing the PC card Installing the PC card Memory Module Memory Module Replacement ProceduresRemoving the memory module Removing Memory Module Replacement Procedures Memory Module Installing the memory module MDC Replacement Procedures MDCRemoving the MDC Installing the MDC MDC Replacement Procedures HDD Replacement Procedures HDDRemoving the HDD Removing HDD Assy HDD Replacement Procedures Installing the HDD Wireless LAN card Replacement Procedures Wireless LAN cardNever press hard or bend the wireless LAN card Removing the Wireless LAN card Installing the Wireless LAN card Replacement Procedures Wireless LAN card Cooling Fin/CPU Cooling Fin/CPU Replacement ProceduresRemoving the Cooling fin/CPU 12 Removing CPU Holder 13 Removing Cooling Fin Installing the Cooling fin/CPU Replacement Procedures Cooling Fin/CPU 16 Applying Silicon Grease Removing the Keyboard Replacement Procedures Keyboard 18 Removing Keyboard Keyboard Replacement Procedures 19 Removing Keyboard support plate Installing the Keyboard Replacement Procedures Switch membrane board Switch membrane boardRemoving the Switch membrane board Installing the Switch membrane board Switch membrane board Replacement Procedures Optical Drive Replacement Procedures Optical DriveRemoving the Optical drive 22 Removing the bracket Installing the Optical drive Replacement Procedures Display Assembly Display AssemblyRemoving the Display assembly 24 Removing screws and cables under keyboard Display Assembly Replacement Procedures 25 Removing Display Assembly Installing the Display assembly Installing the Sound Board Replacement Procedures Sound BoardSound Board Removing the Sound Board Parallel port board Removing the Parallel port board Parallel port board / Serial port board / S-Video board 28 Removing parallel port board Installing the Parallel port board 29 Removing serial port board Serial port board Removing the serial port board Installing the Serial port board 30 Removing S-Video board Video board Removing the S-Video board Installing the S-Video board Installing the Fan Replacement Procedures 14 Fan14 Fan Removing the Fan System Board/DC-IN Jack/RTC Battery Replacement Procedures System Board/DC-IN Jack/RTC BatteryRemoving the system board/DC-IN jack/RTC battery 33 Removing System board Replacement Procedures System Board/DC-IN Jack/RTC Battery Installing the System board/DC-IN jack/RTC battery Installing the PC card cover Replacement Procedures PC card coverPC card cover Removing the PC card cover Battery Latch Replacement Procedures Battery LatchRemoving the Battery latch Installing the Battery latch Replacement Procedures Battery Latch Battery Lock Replacement Procedures Battery LockRemoving the Battery lock Installing the Battery lock Replacement Procedures Battery Lock Touch Pad Touch Pad Replacement ProceduresRemoving the Touch pad Installing the Touch pad Replacement Procedures Touch Pad LCD Unit/FL Inverter LCD Unit/FL Inverter Replacement ProceduresRemoving the LCD unit/FL inverter 41 Removing FL Inverter and LCD Unit Replacement Procedures LCD Unit/FL Inverter 42 Removing LCD Bracket Installing the FL inverter/LCD unit Latch Assembly Replacement Procedures Latch AssemblyRemoving the Latch assembly Installing the Latch Assembly Replacement Procedures Wireless LAN Antenna/Speaker/Hinge Wireless LAN Antenna/Speaker/HingeRemoving the Wireless LAN antenna/Speaker/Hinge 44 Removing wireless LAN antennas Wireless LAN Antenna/Speaker/Hinge Replacement Procedures 45 Removing LCD harness Holder Remove the wireless LAN antenna cables 48 Removing Optical drive cover 49 Removing speaker cables 50 Removing Speakers 52 Attaching sponges Installing the Wireless LAN antenna/Speaker/Hinge Replacement Procedures Wireless LAN Antenna/Speaker/Hinge Fluorescent Lamp Fluorescent Lamp Replacement ProceduresType Supplier Section 53 Replacing 15.0 Inch Samsung fluorescent lamp XGA Replacement Procedures Fluorescent Lamp 54 Replacing 15.0 Inch Samsung fluorescent lamp XGA 56 Replacing 15.0 Inch Samsung fluorescent lamp XGA 57 Replacing 15.0 Inch Samsung fluorescent lamp XGA Fluorescent Lamp4 Replacement Procedures 58 Replacing 15.0 Inch Samsung fluorescent lamp XGA 59 Replacing 15.0 Inch Samsung fluorescent lamp XGA 60 Replacing 15.0 Inch Samsung fluorescent lamp XGA 61 Replacing 15.0 Inch Samsung fluorescent lamp XGA Assembling the 15.0-inch XGA Samsumg Fluorescent Lamp 62 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA 64 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA 65 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA 67 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA 68 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA 69 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA 70 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA 71 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA Replacement Procedures4.23 Fluorescent Lamp 72 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA Assembling the 15.0 Inch XGA Sharp Fluorescent Lamp 73 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA 76 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA Upper diffusion sheet Lens sheet Light guide 78 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA 79 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA 81 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA 83 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA 84 Replacing 15.0 Inch Sharp fluorescent lamp XGA 85 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp XGA 86 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp XGA 87 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp XGA 88 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp XGA 89 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp XGA Assembling the 15.0-inch XGA LG.Philips Fluorescent lamp 91 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp XGA 92 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp XGA 93 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp SXGA+ 94 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp SXGA+ 95 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp SXGA+ 96 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp SXGA+ Assembling the 15.0 Inch SXGA+ LG.Philips Fluorescent lamp 97 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp SXGA+ 98 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp SXGA+ 99 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp SXGA+ 100 Replacing 15.0 Inch LG.Philips fluorescent lamp SXGA+ 114 Appendices Appendices Appendix Contents App-iv Appendices Figure B-1 System board layout front Table C-10 Table C-9Table C-11 Table C-12 Table D-7 Appendix. a Handling the LCD Module Appendices Precautions for handling the LCD module Appendices Appendix. a Handling the LCD Module Satellite A50S/TECRA A3X Maintenance Manual Appendices Appendix. a Handling the LCD Module Appendix. a Handling the LCD Module Appendices Appendices Appendix. a Handling the LCD Module Appendix. B Board Layout Appendices System Board Front View Mark Number Name Figure B-2 System board layout back System Board Back View CPU Front Back Sound Board Flgsn Appendices Appendix. B Board Layout Parallel port Board Flgcp Serial port Board Flgsr Video Board Flkcs Table C-1 Memory 0 connector pin assignment 200-pin 1/4 System Board Flksy CN1400 Memory 0 Connector 200-pinPin No Signal name Signal Name Appendix. C Pin Assignment Appendices GND ADM3-B1P ADQS3-B1N ADQS3-B1P ADQS4-B1N ADQS7-B1P Table C-2 Memory 1 connector pin assignment 200-pin 1/4 CN1410 Memory 1 Connector 200-pinPin No Signal name GND BDM3-B1P BDQS3-B1N BDQS3-B1P BDQS4-B1N Table C-3 HDD I/F connector pin assignment 44-pin CN1800 HDD I/F Connector 44-pin Table C-4 Optical drive I/F connector pin assignment 50-pin CN1810 Optical Drive I/F Connector 50-pin Table C-5 PC card I/F connector pin assignment 70-pin 1/2 IS2110 PC Card I/F Connector 70-pinAppendices Appendix. C Pin Assignment ACSTSC-PYP ACAD30-PYP ACCD2-P3N GND Table C-6 Docking I/F connector 240-pin1/4 CN2300 Docking I/F connector 240-pin DVIPD0-P3N DCADIO-S3P GND PME-S3P DSSCL-S5P DSSDA-S5P Table C-7 Mini PCI I/F connector pin assignment 124-pin 1/2 CN2200 Mini PCI I/F Connector 124-pin P3V CLKRUN-P3N SERR-P3N GND PERR-P3N CBE1-P3N CN3490 Debug Port Connector 12-pin CN3010 MDC I/F Connector 12-pinTable C-8 MDC I/F connector pin assignment 12-pin Table C-9 Debug port connector pin assignment 12-pin 11 CN3240 Touch Pad I/F Connector 4-pin 10 CN3200 Keyboard I/F Connector 34-pinTable C-10 Keyboard I/F connector pin assignment 34-pin Table C-11 Touch pad I/F connector pin assignment 4-pin 13 CN3502 FLGCP/FLGSR Board I/F Connector 30-pin 12 CN3280 Switch Board I/F Connector 10-pinTable C-12 Switch board I/F connector pin assignment 10-pin 15 CN4611 USB harness I/F Connector 8-pin 14 CN4100 Network I/F Connector 14-pin16 CN4610 USB I/F Connector 0 4-pin Table C-17 LCD I/F connector pin assignment 41-pin 17 CN5000 LCD I/F Connector 41-pin 19 CN5340 S-Video I/F Connector 5-pin 18 CN5620 RGB I/F Connector 15-pin20 CN6001 Speaker Connector Left 3-pin 22 CN9500 Sound Board I/F Connector 18-pin 21 CN6002 Speaker Connector Right 2-pin23 CN8800 DC-IN Connector 4-pin 25 CN9990 RTC Battery Connector 3-pin 24 CN8020 1st Battery Connector 10-pin26 CN8770 FAN I/F Connector 4-pin 29 CN9510 System Board I/F Connector 18-pin 28 J6310 Headphone Connector 6-pinTable C-28 Headphone Connector pin assignment 6-pin Table C-29 System board I/F Connector pin assignment 18-pin Table C-30 System board I/F Connector pin assignment 10-pin Table C-31 System board I/F Connector pin assignment 30-pin 33 CN4620 USB harness I/F Connector 8-pin 32 CN4613 Parallel I/F Connector 25-pin34 CN4622 USB I/F Connector 1 4-pin 36 PJ4612 USB I/F Connector 1 4-pin Video Board Flgcs 35 PJ4610 USB harness I/F Connector 8-pin37 PJ4611 USB I/F Connector 2 4-pin 38 PJ5640 System Board I/F Connector 5-pin Table C-39 S-Video Connector pin assignment 4-pin 39 PJ5641 S-Video Connector 4-pin Table C-40 System board I/F Connector pin assignment 30-pin 42 CN4630 USB harness I/F Connector 8-pin 41 CN3440 Serial I/F Connector 9-pin43 CN4632 USB I/F Connector 1 4-pin Appendices Appendix. C Pin Assignment Table D-1 Scan codes set 1 and set 2 1/4 Appendix. D Keyboard Scan/Character Codes AppendicesCap Keytop Code set Make Break Caps Lock Enter Shift L No.102 ALT R 122 F11 123 F12 124 PrintSc 126 Pause 202 203 Win 204 App With left Shift With right Shift Set AA E0 2A E0 F0 12 E0 Cap Code set Keytop Make Break Table D-4 Scan codes with Fn key Table D-6 No.124 key scan code Key Shift Code set Top Make Appendix. E Key LayoutAppendices Keyboard Layout Appendices Appendix. E Key Layout Parallel Port Wraparound Connector RGB Monitor ID Wraparound Connector 15-pin to 15-pinAppendix. F Wiring Diagrams Appendices Appendices Appendix. F Wiring Diagrams Appendix. G BIOS/KBC/EC Update Appendices Appendix G BIOS/KBC/EC Update Appendices Appendix. G BIOS/KBC/EC Update Table H-1 Mtbf Appendix. H Reliability AppendicesComponent Time hours Appendices Appendix. H Reliability