Manuals / Brands / Computer Equipment / Calculator / Casio / Computer Equipment / Calculator

Casio 3.04 12-3Debugging a Program, Move the cursor to the beginning of the program, Edit - Search - Jump to Top, Move the cursor to the end of the program

1 954

Download 954 pages, 5.36 Mb

12-3-1

Debugging a Program

12-3 Debugging a Program

A programming error that causes a program to behave in a manner not intended by the writer of the program is called a “bug”. Finding and eliminating such errors is called “debugging the program”.

Any of the following conditions can indicate that your program has a bug and requires debugging.

•If an error message appears when you try to save the program

•If an error message appears when you try to run the program

•When a program produces some abnormal or unexpected result

Debugging After an Error Message Appears

When an error occurs, a dialog box appears to explain the cause of the error. Carefully read the text of the error message and then tap its [OK] button. This closes the dialog box and positions the cursor on at the location where the error occurred. Make the necessary corrections in accordance with the explanation provided by the error message.

Tip

•If the cause of the error cannot be specified for some reason, tapping [OK] on the error message dialog box displays the Program Loader window, without positioning the cursor at the location of the error.

•In the case of a program for which editing is prohibited (a program for which “EXE” is indicated as the variable data type), tapping [OK] on the error message dialog box displays the Program Loader window, without positioning the cursor at the location of the error.

Debugging a Program Following Unexpected Results

If execution of a program produces unexpected or abnormal results, carefully read through the program and correct errors as required.

The following commands can come in handy when debugging a program to locate unexpected results.

To do this:	Execute this command:

Move the cursor to the beginning of the program	Edit - Search - Jump to Top
Move the cursor to the end of the program	Edit - Search - Jump to Bottom

20060301

Contents

ClassPad OS Version User’s Guide NOTICE FCC WARNING Declaration of Conformity Model Number: ClassPad 1. Unpacking 2. Attaching and Removing the Front Cover 3. Using the Stylus 4.Replacing Batteries and Setting Up the ClassPad Page Page 5.User Registration Handling Precautions Be sure to keep physical records of all important data Backing Up Data Page Contents 1-7Variables and Folders 1-8Using the Variable Manager 2 Using the Main Application Main Application Overview Basic Calculations 2-3Using the Calculation History List Calculations Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications Using Verify Using Probability Running a Program in the Main Application 3 Using the Graph & Table Application Storing Functions Using Table & Graph 3-7Using Trace 3-8Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph 4 Using the Conics Application Inputting Equations Drawing a Conics Graph Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates Chapter 6 Using the Sequence Application 6-2Inputting an Expression in the Sequence Application Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence Using LinkTrace 7 Using the Statistics Application b·x Drawing a Logistic Regression Graph (y 1 + a·e Overlaying a Function Graph on a Statistical Graph Using the Statistical Graph Window Toolbar 8-4Controlling Geometry Window Appearance Working with Animations Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications 9 Using the Numeric Solver Application Numeric Solver Application Overview Chapter 11 Using the Presentation Application Building a Presentation Managing Presentation Files Configuring Presentation Preferences Presentation File Transfer 12-7Including ClassPad Functions in Programs Chapter 13 Using the Spreadsheet Application Spreadsheet Application Overview 13-2Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity 13-7Cell and List Calculations Graphing Chapter 14 Using the Differential Equation Graph Application 14-1Differential Equation Graph Application Overview Drawing f(x) Type Function Graphs and Parametric Function Configuring Differential Equation Graph View Window Differential Equation Graph Window Operations Chapter 15 Using the Financial Application 15-1Financial Application Overview Chapter 16 Configuring System Settings 16-1System Setting Overview 16-3Using the Reset Dialog Box Initializing Your ClassPad Adjusting Display Contrast Specifying the Alphabetic Keyboard Arrangement Specifying the Ending Screen Image Adjusting Touch Panel Alignment Viewing Version Information Registering a User Name on a ClassPad About This User’s Guide ClassPad Keypad and Icon Panel z ^ Keypad Example 1: On-screenKeys, Menus, and Other Controllers Menu bar Example 1: Tap the Soft keyboard Example 1: @??EU Page Contents Note Getting Acquainted 1-1General Guide General Guide Front Touch screen Stylus 0key Side 3-pindata communication port 4-pinmini USB port Back Battery compartment Using the Stylus IThings you can do with the stylus Tap Drag 1-2Turning Power On and Off Limiting the Duration of the Sleep State IPowering Up from the Sleep State IPowering Up after Complete Power Down 1.Press the 0key or tap the ClassPad screen Tip 1-3Using the Icon Panel 1-4 Built-inApplications • Exchange data with another ClassPad, a computer or another device • Clear the memory • Adjust contrast Starting a Built-inApplication Perform the steps below to start a built-inapplication (1) On the icon panel, tap /to display the application menu Application Menu (3)Tap an icon to start its application IUsing Application Groups To display these icons: Select this application group: Add-inapplications only Additional ISwapping Two Icons IAdjusting Touch Panel Alignment 1-5 Built-inApplication Basic Operations STo switch the active window STo resize the active window so it fills the display STo swap the upper and lower windows STo close the active windows Using the Menu Bar Using the Menu IMenu Items IUsing the Menu to Access Windows SWindow Selection Example (Graph & Table) Using Check Boxes Using Option Buttons Using the Toolbar IToolbar Buttons IToggling between Multiple Toolbars Interpreting Status Bar Information The status bar appears along the bottom of the window of each application Information about current application Battery level indicator ....................... full ....................... medium ITerminating an Operation (Break) 1-6Input 1-6-2Input ISoft Keyboard Styles There are four different soft keyboard styles as described below •Math (mth) Keyboard •Alphabet (abc) Keyboard •Catalog (cat) Keyboard ISelecting a Soft Keyboard Style Input Basics IInputting a Calculation Expression IEditing Input The following are the different techniques you can use to edit your input STo change something right after you input it Example: To change the expression 369 σ 3 to 369 σ (1) * STo delete an unneeded key operation Example: To change the expression 369 σ σ 2 to 369 σ (1) * (2) B STo correct a calculation expression STo insert new input into the middle of an existing calculation expression Example: To change 2.362 to sin(2.362) (1) *A BEV (2) BBBBBB (3) 3Q IUsing the Clipboard for Copy and Paste STo copy characters (1)Drag the stylus across the characters you want to copy to select them (2)On the soft keyboard, tap & •This puts a copy of the selected characters onto the clipboard Advanced Soft Keyboard Operations IUsing the Math (mth) Keyboard S Initial math (mth) keyboard key set 1-6-9Input S 3key set κ μ S key set S * key set IUsing the Alphabet (abc) Keyboard S Initial alphabet (abc) keyboard key set S ,key set S Lkey set S 2key set IUsing Single-characterVariables STo input a single-charactervariable name •Tapping any key in the math (mth) keyboard’s 5key set (page 1-6-10) •Tapping any key in the 2D keyboard’s 5key set (page 1-6-17) Tapping the STo input a series of multiple characters Example: ?@AU ?@AU Example: ?@AU IUsing the Catalog (cat) Keyboard STo use the catalog (cat) keyboard Example: To input the built-in“Plot” command (1)Tap to display the catalog (cat) keyboard Tap the “Form” down arrow button (3)Tap the 5button in the lower right corner until the /key is visible IUsing the 2D Keyboard S Initial 2D keyboard key set • Use the Use the To input this: S ADV key set κκ$μ STo use the 2D keyboard for natural input Example 1: To input 1 + To input (1)On the application menu, tap to start the Main application Example 2: To input k2 (1)Tap to display the 2D keyboard and then tap (2)Tap (3)In the input box below 3, input “k=1” 5IC@ Page 1-7Variables and Folders ICurrent Folder Variable Types Variable Type IVariable Data Types data types data type name Data Type Name Data Type Creating a Folder ICreating a folder using the Variable Manager ICreating a folder using the “NewFolder” command IFolder Name Rules The following are the rules that apply to folder names •Folder names can be up to 8 bytes long •The following characters are allowed in a folder name Underscore (character code 95) ISingle-characterVariable Precautions ICreating a New Variable IVariable Usage Example I“library” Folder Variables IUsing Stat Editor to Create a LIST Variable • For details about using Stat Editor, see “7-2Using Stat Editor” Assigning Values and Other Data to a System Variable system variable Locking a Variable or Folder •Locking a folder makes it impossible to delete or rename the folder STo lock or unlock a variable or folder using the Variable Manager Rules Governing Variable Access IVariable Search Priority Sequence (1)Local Variables (2)Current Folder Variables (3)“library” Folder Variables 1-8Using the Variable Manager Variable Manager Views Exiting the Variable Manager Variable Manager Folder Operations ISpecifying the Current Folder You can also select a folder you created yourself as the current folder ICreating a New Folder ISelecting and Deselecting Folders Do this: Select a single folder Select the check box next to the folder name Deselect a single folder IRenaming a Folder You can use the following procedure to change the name of an existing folder ILocking and Unlocking a Folder STo lock a folder (2)Select the check box next to the folder you want to lock IInputting a Folder Name into an Application Variable Operations IOpening a Folder IOpening the “library” Folder IDisplaying a List of a Particular Type of Variable ISelecting a Variable STo select or deselect a variable Perform one of the operations described below to select or deselect a variable Select a single variable Select the check box next to the variable name IDeleting a Variable Perform the following steps when you want to delete a variable ICopying and Moving a Variable You can use the procedure below to copy or move a variable to another folder IRenaming a Variable Perform the following steps when you want to rename a variable ILocking and Unlocking a Variable STo lock a variable (2)Select the check box next to the variable you want to lock STo unlock a variable (2)Select the check box next to the variable you want to unlock ISearching for a Variable IViewing the Contents of a Variable You can use the Variable Manager to view the contents of a particular variable IInputting a Variable Name into an Application 1-9Configuring Application Format Settings Specifying a Variable (6)Tap [OK] •This closes the Select Data dialog box (7) Tap [Set] to save your settings Initializing All Application Format Settings , or tap 3on the icon panel, and then tap [Default Setup] Application Format Settings IBasic Format Dialog Box SCurrent Folder To specify this folder as the current folder: Select this setting: SNumber Format To specify this type of numeric value display format: SAngle To specify this angle unit: SAdvanced IGraph Format Dialog Box Basic Tab SAxes SOther settings Special Tab SBackground SCell Width Pattern To specify this row width for stat editor and data table displays: SStat Window Auto I3D Format Dialog Box SCoordinates SLabels Background SG-Controller Turn on display of graph controller arrows during graphing Turn off display of graph controller arrows during graphing IGeometry Format Dialog Box SMeasure Angle To specify the angle unit for the measurement box: SFunction Angle To specify the angle unit for graphing: SInteger Grid IAdvanced Format Dialog Box SFourier Transform SFFT SAssume positive real IFinancial Format Dialog Box SDays in Year SPayment Date SDate Format SAutomatically copy common fields to new calculation SOdd Period SCompounding Frequency SBond Interval SProfit Amount/Ratio SBreak-EvenValue IPresentation Dialog Box ICommunication Dialog Box SScreen Copy To To do this with hard copy data generated by tapping -: Using the Main Application 2-1Main Application Overview Page Main Application Menus and Buttons Menu Commands menu item: Button Functions Using Main Application Modes IStatus Bar Mode Indicators Status Bar Indicator Setting Accessing ClassPad Application Windows from the Main Application To display this window: Tap this button: Graph & Table application Graph window Accessing the Main Application Window from Another ClassPad Application access the Main application window by tapping the ^button •Using drag and drop to copy expressions and values between windows 2-2Basic Calculations Using the ,Key Examples: Omitting the Multiplication Sign Using the Answer Variable (ans) IPerforming Continuous Calculations Example: 1 ÷ 3 1 ÷ 3 1 ÷ 3 × 3 = *@BU (Continuing) BU Continuous calculations can be used with +, –, σ, ÷, and ^ Assigning a Value to a Variable Syntax: Variable: = value Example: Assign 123 to variable (1) Perform the key operation below in the Main application work area 7+@AB Calculation Priority Sequence Factorials (x!), degree specifications (o, r ), percents (%) Powers σ, ÷ Relational operators (=, ξ, <, >, , ) and Calculation Modes IStandard Mode and Decimal Mode SExamples of Decimal mode and Standard mode result displays Decimal Mode Result SUsing the tButton to Toggle between the Standard Mode and Decimal Mode ClassPad Operation Displayed Result SNumber of Decimal Places, Number of Significant Digits, Normal Display SExamples of Complex mode and Real mode calculation results Complex Mode Real Mode solve (x3 – x2 + x – 1 = 0, x) {x = –i, x = i, x = 1} 2-3Using the Calculation History Re-calculatingan Expression (1)Move the cursor to the location from which you want to re-calculate •In this example, we will tap the end of line 2 to locate the cursor there (2)Tap “Standard” on the status bar to toggle it to “Decimal” Deleting Part of the Calculation History Contents Clearing All Calculation History Contents 2-4Function Calculations ITrigonometric Functions (sin, cos, tan) and Inverse Trigonometric Functions (sin–1, cos–1, tan–1) sin63° Func Q63 U ILogarithmic Functions (log, ln) and Exponential Functions (e, ^, I) J1.23 Uor 510 C 1.23 U (90 Uor J3 9 Uor 3.6 U 1.5 1.5 C 1.5 U 20 15 Uor 15 U 1500 12 U 660 880 U 2500 1 15 3500 1 25 3 VU IRandom Number Generator (rand, randList, randNorm, randBin, RandSeed) S“rand” Function S“randList” Function Function: Description: S“randNorm” Function S“randBin” Function S“RandSeed” Command Generate sequential random [RandSeed] 3 U numbers using 3 as the seed value S“iLcm” Function S“iMod” Function IPermutation (nPr) and Combination (nCr) STotal Number of Permutations nPr = ––––– (n – r) STotal Number of Combinations ICondition Judgment (judge, piecewise) S“judge” Function S“piecewise” Function 2 U 1 A 2 CD 0 IAngle Symbol () IDerivative Symbol (’) IPrimality Test (isPrime) IEqual Symbols and Unequal Symbols (=, ξ, <, >, , ) You can use these symbols to perform a number of different basic calculations To add 3 to both sides of 73 3 U x + 3 Solution Example IDirac Delta Function Syntax: delta(x) Inth Delta Function IHeaviside Unit Step Function IGamma Function (x)= + tx–1e–t dt undefined Syntax: gamma(x) 2-5List Calculations ILIST Variable Element Operations IInputting List Data Using the Stat Editor Window Using a List in a Calculation IList Calculation Errors IList Calculation Example Using a List to Assign Different Values to Multiple Variables Sintaxis: List with Numbers 2 List with Variables W@? A? B?Y6W7 8 9Y 2-6Matrix and Vector Calculations ClassPad Operation value “5” to the element at row 1 column 2 in “mat1”, which produces the matrix You can recall the value of any element of a MATRIX variable. When the data Matrix Variable Element Operations (1)Recall the value in row 2, column 1 of MATRIX variable “mat1” IInputting Matrix Values with the Keyboard Tap this 2D key: Performing Matrix Calculations IMatrix Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division Page IRaising a Matrix to a Specific Power Example: To raise To raise to the power of The following are the screens that would be produced by each input method 2-7Specifying a Number Base Page Selecting a Number Base STo select the number base for the line where the cursor is located Number System Suffix STo specify a number base for an input value Arithmetic Operations Example 1: To calculate 101112 + (1)Tap the down arrow button next to the ;button, and then tap (2)Perform the following key operation Bitwise Operations Operator Example 4: Using the baseConvert Function (Number System Transform) 2-8Using the Action Menu Example Screenshots When the input expression does not fit: When the output expression does not fit: Displaying the Action Menu Using the Transformation Submenu Sapprox Ssimplify Sexpand Sfactor SrFactor SfactorOut Scombine Scollect StExpand StCollect SexpToTrig StrigToExp StoFrac SpropFrac Sdms StoDMS Using the Advanced Submenu Ssolve SdSolve Staylor S laplace, invLaplace S fourier, invFourier The Fourier Transform pairs are defined using two arbitrary constants a, b b (2)1–a (2)1+a n (optional) Definition of the Fourier S FFT, IFFT g(y)= F [ f(t)] f(t)= F –1[g(y)] b ibt (2)1–a – f(t)e –ibt Using the Calculation Submenu Sdiff SimpDiff tol Slim SrangeAppoint Smod StanLine Snormal SarcLen SfMin SfMax Sgcd Slcm Sdenominator Snumerator Using the Complex Submenu Sarg Sconjg Sre Sim ScExpand ScompToPol ScompToTrig Using the List-CreateSubmenu Sseq Saugment Sfill SsubList Sshift Srotate SsortA SsortD SlistToMat SmatToList Using the List-CalculationSubmenu Smin Smax Smean Smedian Smode SQ1 SQ3 Spercentile SstdDev Svariance Sdim Ssum Sprod Scuml Slist Spercent SpolyEval Ssequence SsumSeq Using the Matrix-CreateSubmenu Strn Sident SsubMat Sdiag Using the Matrix-CalculationSubmenu Sdet Snorm Srank Sref Srref SeigVl SeigVc SLU SQR Sswap SmRow SmRowAdd SrowAdd SrowDim SrowNorm ScolDim ScolNorm Using the Vector Submenu SunitV Sangle ScrossP SdotP StoRect x y x y z StoPol StoSph StoCyl Using the Equation/Inequality Submenu Page Srewrite Sexchange Seliminate SabsExpand SandConnect SgetRight SgetLeft Sand Sor Sxor Snot Using the Assistant Submenu Sarrange Sreplace Sinvert SClear_a_z Using the Distribution and Inv. Distribution Submenus Specifying Arguments within the Distribution Function normPDf(1, 1, 0) normPDf({1, 2}, 1, 0) = {0.24, 0.05} SnormPDf SnormCDf SinvNormCDf StPDf StCDf SinvTCDf SchiPDf SchiCDf SinvChiCDf SfPDf SfCDf SinvFCDf SbinomialPDf pos SbinomialCDf SinvBinomialCDf xInv SpoissonPDf SpoissonCDf SinvPoissonCDf SgeoPDf SgeoCDf SinvGeoCDf ShypergeoPDf ShypergeoCDf SinvHypergeoCDf Using the Command Submenu SDefine SDispStat SDelVar S Clear All Variables 2-9Using the Interactive Menu STo factorize from the Action menu Page Using the “apply” Command Opening Another Application’s Window Closing Another Application’s Window (1) Tap anywhere inside of the window you would like to close (2) Tap the Rbutton in the upper right corner, or tap and then [Close] • The Main application work area expands to fill the entire display Using the Graph Window and 3D Graph Window (3)Drag the stylus across “x^2 – 1” in the work area to select it (4)Drag the selected expression to the Graph window •This graphs y = x2 – 1. This graph reveals that the x-interceptsare x = π1 Page (4)Press to register the expression •You could now tap to graph the function Using the Stat Editor Window IExample List Operation Page Page (7)Tap the Stat Editor window to make it active (9)Tap the blank cell next to “list6”, input “test”, and then tap U Using the Geometry Window IDragging an Expression from the Work Area to the Geometry Window S ClassPad Operation (5)Drag the stylus across x2 + y2 = 1 in the work area to select it (6)Drag the selected expression to the Geometry window • A circle appears in the Geometry window Dropping this into the Geometry window: Displays this: IDragging a Figure from the Geometry Window to the Work Area Dropping this into the work area: Displays this: Coordinates as a vector (2 ⋅ 1 matrix) Line 2-11Using Verify Verify Menus and Buttons IFile Menu Select this File Discard the current window contents and create a new file New IVerify Buttons Tap this Verify button: Using Verify Page 2-12Using Probability Starting Up Probability Use the following procedure to start up Probability (2)On the icon palette that appears, tap (3)Tap [OK] Probability Menus and Buttons IDisplay Menu Select this Display Show the selected result distribution table format Distribution Show the selected result as a list data format Using Probability Page Page 2-13Running a Program in the Main Application Page 3-1Graph & Table Application Overview 3-2Using the Graph Window 3-3Storing Functions 3-4Using Table & Graph 3-5Modifying a Graph 3-1Graph & Table Application Overview Graph & Table Application Menus and Buttons IGraph Editor Window Menus and Buttons Or select this Page IGraph Window Menus and Buttons °dx ΠΠ° ITable Window Menus and Buttons Graph & Table Application Status Bar Angle unit Real mode If you see this: The angle unit setting is radians Example 1: To input the function y = 3x2 on Sheet 1 and graph it (1)On the application menu, tap $ •This starts the Graph & Table application •This locates the cursor in the input box for line y1 (3)Input the expression (4)Tap • This graphs the expression The expression is displayed in the message box while the graph is being drawn Page Page 3-2Using the Graph Window You can also use the rectangular coordinate View Window dialog box to select To select this type of graph: x-loggraph Select the x-logcheck box • This automatically sets “xdot” and SView Window parameter precautions STo initialize View Window parameters STo initialize the View Window for an angle unit STo standardize the View Window xmin = –10 ymin = –10 tθmax STo auto configure View Window parameters STo recall a setup from View Window memory (4)Select the name of the setup you want, and then tap [OK] Viewing Graph Window Coordinates Scrolling the Graph Window •Tap the graph controller arrows at the edges of the Graph window •Use the cursor key Panning the Graph Window (1)Tap the Graph window to make it active Zooming the Graph Window IZoom Commands Zoom Command STo use box zoom Box Zoom Result STo use factor zoom (6)Input 5 for both the xFactor and yFactor, and then tap [OK] (8)Tap [Zoom] and then [Zoom In] Factor Zoom Result IUsing Quick Zoom Command View Window Parameter Values –7.7 IUsing Other Zoom Menu Commands For information about what each command does, see “Zoom Commands” on page ISaving a Screenshot of a Graph STo save a screenshot of a graph (2)Draw the graph you want to save IRedrawing a Graph IMaking the Graph Editor Window the Active Window 3-3Storing Functions IReturning Sheets to Their Default Names IInitializing a Sheet Specifying the Function Type y r STo store a rectangular coordinate function (Y=) STo store a polar coordinate equation (r=) STo store parametric functions STo store an x = equation Example: To store x = 3y in line (2)Tap the box to the right of line number “x4”, and then input the equation: (3)Press to store the equation STo store an inequality Using Built-inFunctions y = a·x + b y = a·x^2 + b·x + c a·x^ b·x^ STo save an expression from the message box to the Graph Editor window Perform a Trace operation (see (4)Tap & (5)Tap the Graph Editor window to make it active (7)Tap [Edit] and then [Paste] Deleting All Graph Editor Expressions Graphing a Stored Function ISpecifying the Function You Want to Graph ISpecifying the Graph Line Style Thick Broken Thick Square Plot Type IQuick Graphing of an Expression Using Drag and Drop IOverlaying Two Inequalities in an AND Plot / OR Plot •AND Plot With an AND Plot, only the parts of the inequalities that overlap are shaded •OR Plot Page IShading the Region Bounded by Two Expressions IUsing the Draw Shade Dialog Box to Shade the Region Bounded by Two Expressions IDropping an Expression from the Main Application Work Area into the Graph Window Saving Graph Editor Data to Graph Memory STo save Graph Editor data to graph memory STo recall a graph memory file 3-4Using Table & Graph STo generate a number table by specifying a range of values for x using the Table Input dialog box (2)In line y1 of the Graph Editor window, input and save y = 3x2 – (3)Tap . This displays the Table Input dialog box (4)Input the following values for the x-valuesof your table, and then tap [OK] STo generate a number table by assigning list values to (1)Create and save the list of values to be assigned. list1 = 1, 2, 3, 4 Specify the list that contains the values you want to assign to •You can configure list data settings using the Graph Format dialog box •This generates the number table and displays the result on the Table window ITable Generation Precautions Editing Number Table Values Deleting, Inserting, and Adding Number Table Lines STo delete a number table line (1) Tap the x-valueof the line you want to delete (2) Tap [T-Fact]and then [Delete] STo insert a number table line STo add a number table line Regenerating a Number Table Generating a Number Table and Using It to Draw a Graph Saving a Number Table to a List Generating a Summary Table SAutomatic x-valuesettings SUsing View Window xmin and xmax values as the x-valuesettings SSpecifying all x-values f(x) + f (x) – f (x) Summary Table and Graph of y = x3 – Page IGenerating a Summary Table Using View Window Page IGenerating a Summary Table by Specifying All of the Values for Making the Graph Editor Window the Active Window 3-5Modifying a Graph Page Page STo modify multiple graphs simultaneously Page ICycling Through Graph Changes Automatically 3-6Using the Sketch Menu STo draw a line on the Graph window (1)While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Line] STo write text on the Graph window (1)While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Text] •This displays a dialog box for inputting text STo draw a line tangent to a graph STo draw a line that is normal to a graph STo graph the inverse of a function Example: To graph y = x2 – x – 2 and then overlay it with x = y2 – y – (3)Tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Inverse] STo draw a circle Example: To draw a circle with a center point located at (1, 1) and a radius of STo draw a vertical or horizontal line Example: To draw a vertical line at x (2)Press This displays a dialog box for specifying the •This closes the dialog box and draws the vertical line at x 3-7Using Trace (5)To quit the trace operation, tap on the icon panel ISpecifying the Format of the Coordinates Displayed by Trace Display coordinates and the Select the [Derivative/Slope] check box under derivative [Graph Format] Linking Trace to a Number Table Example: To link trace to a number table created by graphing y = 3logx xmin = –5 xmax = 5 ymin = –10 Generating Number Table Values from a Graph Page 3-8Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph STo obtain the root of a function Result Screenshots (2)On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = then tap to graph it • Make sure that only y1 is checked 1x2 (x + 2)(x – 2) into line y1, and (3)Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve],and then [Min], or tap ) STo obtain the point of intersection for two graphs STo determine coordinates at a particular point on a graph To obtain the value of •This displays a dialog box for specifying the x-value (4)For this example, input 0.5 and then tap [OK] This moves the pointer to the location on the graph where STo determine the definite integral for a particular domain ymin = –4 ymax = 4 (3)Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve],and then [ ° dx] •This displays “Lower” on the Graph window STo determine the distance between any two points (2)Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve],and then [Distance] (3)Tap the first point on the Graph window •This causes a pointer to appear at the location where you tap (4)Tap the second point on the Graph window STo obtain the volume of a solid of revolution (3)Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve],and then [π ° ( f(x))2dx] This displays a dialog box for inputting an interval of values for Using the Conics Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Using the 3D Graph Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Using the Sequence Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Using the Statistics Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Using the Geometry Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Using the Numeric Solver Application 9-1Numeric Solver Application Overview Clear all 1-characterinput variables (a through z) Clear a–z Initialize the upper boundary and lower boundary Initialize Bound Change the convergence range 9-2Using Numeric Solver (6) Tap , or tap [Solve] and then [Execute] on the Numeric Solver menu Example: Solve the equation 86 = 56.01205897 log(61− x) In this example, the initial convergence value is (2). (3)Input the equation as written, then tap U Page Using the eActivity Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Using the Program Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Using the Spreadsheet Application 13-1Spreadsheet Application Overview [File] menu item: IGraph Menu ICalc Menu ISpreadsheet Toolbar Buttons Toggle the selected cell(s) between decimal (floating point) and exact display*1 Toggle the selected cell(s) between bold and normal L/ A 13-3Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations To have the cell cursor behave this way when you register input: Navigating Around the Spreadsheet Window ICursor Keys IJumping to a Cell Hiding or Displaying the Scrollbars Selecting Cells Using the Cell Viewer Window STo view or hide the Cell Viewer window 13-4Editing Cell Contents Entering the Edit Mode ITapping a cell and then tapping the edit box To move the editing cursor here in the edit box text: Press this cursor key: ITapping a cell and then inputting something from the keypad Basic Data Input Steps Inputting a Formula STo use the soft keyboards to input a function Page Inputting a Cell Reference IRelative Cell Reference IAbsolute Cell References This cell reference: Does this: STo input a cell reference Inputting a Constant This input: Is interpreted as: And is treated as: Using the Fill Sequence Command STo input a range of values using Fill Sequence Parameter Page Cut and Copy Paste IWhen the clipboard contains data from a single cell or the edit box If you do this: Executing the [Paste] command will do this: Page Specifying Text or Calculation as the Data Type for a Particular Cell When this data type is Inputting this into the cell: Causes this to be specified: Using Drag and Drop to Copy Cell Data within a Spreadsheet STo drag and drop between cells within a spreadsheet IDragging and Dropping Multiple Cells STo drag and drop within the edit box Using Drag and Drop to Obtain Spreadsheet Graph Data STo use drag and drop to obtain the function of a graph STo use drag and drop to obtain the data points of a graph Example: To obtain the data points of the bar graph shown below (1)Input data and draw a bar graph See “Other Graph Window Operations” on page Recalculating Spreadsheet Expressions Page Page Page Importing and Exporting Variable Values IImporting data assigned to a variable into a spreadsheet STo import the data assigned to an EXPR variable STo import the data assigned to a LIST variable STo import the data assigned to a MAT variable Example: To import the matrix data assigned to the MData variable at cell A1 (1) Tap cell A1 to select it (3)Type the variable name (in this case “MData”) into the [Variable] box IExporting Spreadsheet Data to a Variable STo export spreadsheet data to an EXPR variable (2)On the [File] menu, tap [Export] •This displays the Export dialog box along with a soft keyboard •In this case, “EXPR” will be automatically selected in the [Type] box STo export spreadsheet data to a MAT (Matrix) variable Searching for Data in a Spreadsheet ISearch Dialog Box Item Cell Contents Not Selected ISearch Examples Page Sorting Spreadsheet Data STo sort spreadsheet data using the [Sort] menu command STo sort using the sort toolbar button Page Page Page Page 13-6Statistical Calculations Enter the (2)On the menu bar, tap [Calc] and then [Two-Variable] IRegression Calculations STo perform a regression calculation STo paste a list of regression calculation results into a spreadsheet IDistribution Calculation STo perform a distribution calculation Distribution Type Data STo paste distribution calculation results into a spreadsheet 13-7Cell and List Calculations Page Page Cell Calculation and List Calculation Functions S Cell-Calculation- row S Cell-Calculation- col S Cell-Calculation- count S Cell-Calculation- cellif S List-Calculation- min S List-Calculation- max Page Page Page Page S List-Calculation- sum S List-Calculation- prod S List-Calculation- cuml S List-Calculation- list S List-Calculation- percent S List-Calculation- polyEval S List-Calculation- sequence S List-Calculation- sumSeq 13-8Formatting Cells and Data Text Alignment For this type of alignment: Number Format Changing the Width of a Column STo change the width of a column using the stylus STo change the width of a column using the Column Width command STo change the width of a column using the AutoFit Selection command Page 13-9Graphing Page Page Page Page S[Graph] - [Bar] - [100% Stacked] ( !) S[Graph] - [Pie] ( Y) S[Graph] - [Scatter] ( W) S[Graph] - [Histogram] ( ) S[Graph] - [Box Whisker] ( ) Page S[Graph] - [Row Series] S[Graph] - [Column Series] Graph Window Menus and Toolbar IMenu IType Menu Basic Graphing Steps Select this [Graph] menu option: Page Regression Graph Operations STo plot a scatter graph and then draw its regression graph (2)Tap [Graph] and then [Scatter] •This plots the scatter graph for the data you selected in step STo show or hide lines and markers STo change a line in a clustered line graph to a column graph STo change a column in a clustered column graph to a line STo find out the percentage of data for each pie graph section STo change View Window settings STo change the appearance of the axes STo change the appearance of a graph by dragging a point Page Using the Differential Equation Graph Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Using the Financial Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Configuring System Settings 16-1System Setting Overview System Application Menus and Buttons Or select this System 16-2Managing Memory Usage Page Add-InApp. Tab eActivity Tab Language Tab This sheet lists language data used for the ClassPad menus and messages Shows the data for this language: 16-3Using the Reset Dialog Box 16-4Initializing Your ClassPad 16-5Adjusting Display Contrast 16-6Configuring Power Properties Page 16-7Specifying the Display Language 16-8Specifying the Font Set Page 16-10Optimizing “Flash ROM” 16-11Specifying the Ending Screen Image 16-12Adjusting Touch Panel Alignment 16-13Viewing Version Information 16-14Registering a User Name on a ClassPad Page Page Example : SUsing the Shift Mode with a Cursor Key Performing Data Communication 17-1Data Communication Overview IConnecting a ClassPad to a Computer IConnecting a ClassPad to a CASIO EA-200Data Analyzer Using the ClassPad Communication Application ICommunication Application Menus and Buttons Or select this menu item: Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit IRequired Hardware Connecting to an EA-200Data Analyzer Connecting to a Computer (USB) 17-3Configuring Communication Parameters Another ClassPad unit or a Data Analyzer 3pin cable A computer’s USB port USB cable Wakeup IWhen connected to another ClassPad unit When the ClassPad is completely powered down. For details, see IWhen connected to a computer’s USB port 17-4Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit •Sender Tapping [OK] sends the data you selected in step (4) •Receiver • This returns to the Select Data dialog box (8)On the Select Data dialog box, tap [Cancel] Selecting Data for Transfer To list this on the Select Data dialog box: Select this [View] menu command: Select this [All] menu command: Page Sending a Screenshot of the Current Display Contents Communication Standby Interrupting an Ongoing Data Communication Operation Appendix 1 Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad IPerforming the RAM Reset Operation 2 Deleting an Application 3 Power Supply IReplacing Batteries Precautions: Page Page IAbout the Auto Power Off Function 4 Number of Digits and Precision 5 Specifications Data Communication Port: Method: Transmission speed (BPS): Parity: None 6 Character Code Table Page Page Page 7 System Variable Table

Debugging a Program

12-3 Debugging a Program

•If an error message appears when you try to save the program

•If an error message appears when you try to run the program

•When a program produces some abnormal or unexpected result

Execute this command:

Move the cursor to the beginning of the program

Edit - Search - Jump to Top

Move the cursor to the end of the program

Edit - Search - Jump to Bottom