WAN Transmission Media | Cisco Systems RJ-45-to-AUX instruction

Figure 3.1: A packet’s journey from a host to a WAN device. The WAN transmission is continuous and does not have to wait for acknowledgement or permission.

Let’s take a look at how this process would work in a T1 line. T1 has 24 slots in each frame; each slot is 8 bits, and there is 1 framing bit:

24 slots x 8 bits + 1 framing bit = 193 bits

T1 frames are transmitted 8,000 frames per second, or one frame every 125 microseconds:

193 bits x 8,000 = 1,544,000 bits per second (bps)

When you have a higher bandwidth, the frame is bigger and contains more slots (for example, E1 has 32 slots). As you can see, this is a great increase in the effective use of the bandwidth.

Another asynchronous serial transmission method is Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). ATM is a cell−based switching technology. It has a fixed size of 53 octets: 5 octets of overhead and 48 octets of payload. Bandwidth in ATM is available on demand. It is even more efficient relative to the serial transmission method because it does not have to wait for assigned slots in the frame. One Ethernet frame can consist of multiple consecutive cells. ATM also enables Quality of Service (QoS). Cells can be assigned different levels of priority. If there is any point of congestion, cells with higher priority will have preference to the bandwidth. ATM is the most widely used WAN serial transmission method.

Note ATM is covered in more detail in Chapter 8.

WAN Transmission Media

The physical transmission media that carry the signals in WAN are divided into two kinds: narrowband and broadband. A narrowband transmission consists of a single channel carried by a single medium. A broadband transmission consists of multiple channels in different frequencies carried on a single medium.

The most common narrowband transmission types are T1, E1, and J1. See Table 3.1 for the differences among the transmission types and where each is used. The time slots specify how much bandwidth (bit rate) the narrowband transmissions have.

Table 3.1: Narrowband transmission types.

Transmission Type	Number of Slots	Bit Rate	Region
T1	24	1.544Mbps	North America
E1	32	2.048Mbps	Africa, Asia (not including
			Japan), Europe, Australia,
			South America
J1	32	2.048Mbps	Japan

Narrowband is most commonly used by businesses as their WAN medium because of its low cost. If more bandwidth is needed than narrowband can provide, most businesses use multiple narrowband connections.

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Cisco Systems RJ-45-to-AUX manual WAN Transmission Media

Contents

Page Table of Contents Basic Switch Configuration Iii Catalyst Crescendo ArchitectureAxis Bus Phoenix Asic LCP Sage Asic QTP Asic Qmac 103 100101 102 114 Vii Viii Depth 160 ATM Overview161 Depth 199 Layer 2 Switching Overview 235 Vlan ID Multilayer Switching Xii Xiii Depth 309 Hardware Troubleshooting No Power Xiv 341345 347 359 President and CEO Cisco Switching Black BookLimits of Liability and Disclaimer of Warranty Trademarks Technical Reviewer Acquisitions EditorProduct Marketing Manager Project Editor Sean Odom Jeff Duntemann VP and Editorial DirectorAbout the Authors Acknowledgments Overview How to Use This BookThanks for buying the Cisco Switching Black Book Introduction Black Book Philosophy Depth Network Switching FundamentalsPhysical Media and Switching Types Networking Architectures Bit of History Peer−to−Peer Networking Model Client/Server Network Model Pieces of Technology Hubs Repeaters Bridges Page Routers Switches Network Design Collision Domains Broadcast Domains Why Upgrade to Switches? Unshielded Twisted−Pair Cable Network Utilization Properly Switched Networks FragmentFree Switching Switched ForwardingStore−and−Forward Switching Cut−Through Switching Combining Switching Methods Switched Network Bottlenecks Non−Blocking Switch vs. Blocking Switch Internal Route Processor vs. External Route Processor Rule of the Network Road Fast Ethernet Switched Ethernet InnovationsFull−Duplex Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Avoiding Fork−Lift UpgradesCisco IOS Subinterfaces Connecting to the SwitchPowering Up the Switch Following commands are available in Privileged Exec mode Today’s Trend Challenges Entering and Exiting Subinterface Configuration Mode Entering and Exiting Privileged Exec ModeEntering and Exiting Global Configuration Mode Entering and Exiting Interface Configuration Mode Saving Configuration Changes Command−Line Interfaces Basic Switch Configuration Queuing Campus Hierarchical Switching Model Distribution Layer Access Layer Core Layer Remote Network Monitoring Connecting to the Console Port Console Cable Pinouts Rollover cable RJ−45−to−RJ−45 pinouts Console ConnectorsRJ−45−to−AUX Port Console Connector Pinouts Out Pin Signal Input/OutputDTE connectors for an RJ−45 to a DB−25 female DB−25−to−DB−9 connector pinouts Signal Switch IOSsIOS Configuration Modes Implementing Privilege Levels Limiting Telnet AccessConfiguring an IOS−Based CLI Switch Configuring Passwords Setting the Console Port Time−out Value Setting the Login PasswordsSetting Privilege Levels Assigning Allowable Commands Configuring an IP Address and Netmask Configuring the Telnet Time−out ValueConfiguring the Hostname Configuring the Date and Time Enabling Snmp Contact Configuring a Set/Clear−Based CLI SwitchConfiguring Port Speed and Duplex Logging On to a Switch Help Setting the Login and Enable Passwords∙ You are now in Privileged Exec mode Changing the Console Prompt Entering a Contact Name and Location Information Configuring System and Time InformationTo configure a Slip interface, enter the following Viewing the Default Routes Enabling Snmp Configuring Trap Message Targets Configuring a Menu−Driven IOS Configuring an IP Address and Default Gateway Configuring the Console PortConfiguring Telnet Configuring the Password Configuring Snmp Device Configuring ROMEntering ROM Configuration Mode Booting ROM Mode from a Flash Device Configuring Rmon on a Set/Clear−Based Interface Configuring Rmon Using IOS−Based Command Editing Keys and Functions Using Set/Clear Command Set Recall Key SequencesPage WAN Switching WAN Transmission Media Synchronous Transport Signal STS MGX 8200 Series Cisco WAN Switches IGX 8400 Series BPX 8600 Series Wide−Area Switches MGX 8800 Series Wide−Area Edge Switches WAN Switch Hardware Overview Cisco WAN Switch Network Topologies WAN Manager Network ManagementCLI Adding New Users Accessing and Setting Up IGX and BPX SwitchesDisplaying a User’s Password Changing a User’s Password Resetting the Switch Using the History CommandDisplaying the Power and Temperature of a Switch Configuring the ASM Setting for BPX Configuring the Time and Date Displaying Other SwitchesSetting the Switch Name Setting the Time Zone Use the command cnfname to assign a hostname for the switch Accessing the MGX 8850Changing Passwords Assigning a Switch Hostname Displaying the IP Address Displaying a Summary of All ModulesDisplaying Detailed Information for the Current Card Changing the Time and Date Displaying the Alarm Level of the Switch Configuring the IP Interface Catalyst Crescendo Architecture LAN Switch Architectures Output Queuing ASICsSingle BUS vs. Crossbar Matrix Input Queuing ∙ Synergy Advanced Multipurpose Bus Arbiter Samba Asic Earl Asic placement on the Crescendo architecture Crescendo Logic Units Crescendo Processors Axis Bus Other Cisco Switch Processors, Buses, ASICs, and Logic Units DCEF CEF Asic CEF Search Engine Adjacency Table Cisco Express Forwarding Asic components Phoenix Asic Connected to the Qmac Asic Bridging TypesSource Route Bridging Transparent Bridging Source Route SwitchingSource Route Transparent Bridging Source Route Translational Bridging Fast Switching Switching PathsProcess Switching Distributed Switching Autonomous SwitchingSilicon Switching Optimum Switching To load copies to Flash memory, use the following System Message LoggingLoading an Image on the Supervisor Engine Up to 90 seconds Enabling CEF Booting the Supervisor Engine III from FlashSetting the Boot Configuration Register Configuring Cisco Express Forwarding Disabling CEF on an Individual Interface Configuring CEF Load BalancingEnabling dCEF Disabling dCEF Viewing CEF Packet−Dropped Statistics Disabling Per−Destination Load SharingViewing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR Clearing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR Here’s an example of the command’s use Disabling Server Logging Clearing the Server Logging Table Displaying System Logging Messages Displaying the Logging ConfigurationPage Flat Network of Yesterday Virtual Local Area Networks Why Use VLANs? Vlan Basics Properly Switched Network Switched Internetwork Security Vlan Boundaries Scaling with VLANs Cisco’s Vlan Recommendations Vlan Membership TypesTraffic Patterns Flowing through the Network Trunk Types Vlan Trunking Ieee 802.1Q IeeeCisco Standards Inter−Switch Link ISL Protocol Domain must share the same VTP domain name Vlan Trunking Protocol VTPLAN Emulation Lane VTP Advertisements VTP VersionsPage 100 VTP Switch ModesClient Mode VTP Pruning Methods for Vlan Identification Server ModeTransparent Mode InterVLAN Routing 102 Internal Route ProcessorsHow InterVLAN Routing Works 103 Configuring a Static Vlan on a Catalyst 5000 Series SwitchConfiguring Multiple VLANs on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch Creating VLANs on a Catalyst 1900EN Series 104 Assigning a Static Vlan to an Interface on a 1900EN Series Results are shown here Viewing the Vlan Configuration on a 1900 SeriesViewing an Individual Vlan Configuration on a 1900 Series Configuring a Trunk Port on a Cisco 5000 Series Off On or desirable modeAuto Desirable Clearing VLANs from Trunk Links on a Cisco 1900EN Series Configuring a Trunk Port on a Cisco 1900EN SeriesMapping VLANs to a Trunk Port Clearing VLANs from Trunk Links on a Cisco 5000 Series Following shows the results Verifying a Trunk Link Configuration on a 5000 SeriesVerifying a Trunk Link Configuration on a 1900EN Series Configuring the VTP Version on a Catalyst 5000 Switch Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch as a VTP Client Configuring a VTP Domain on a Catalyst 1900 SwitchSetting a VTP Domain Password on a Catalyst Switch Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch as a VTP Server 110 Configuring VTP Pruning on a Catalyst 1900 SwitchConfiguring VTP on a Set/Clear CLI Switch Configuring VTP on a 1900 Cisco IOS CLI Switch 111 Verifying the VTP Configuration on a Set/Clear CLIStatistics command instead Displaying VTP Statistics 112 Configuring VTP Pruning on a Set/Clear CLI SwitchDisabling Pruning for Unwanted VLANs 113 Configuring IPX InterVLAN Routing on an External RouterAssign an IP address and subnet mask to the subinterface 114 InterVLAN and Basic Module ConfigurationInternal Route Processors 115 Cisco Express Forwarding Asic 116 Multimodule vs. Fixed Configuration SwitchesAvailable Route Processors 117 NetFlow Feature Card and NetFlow Feature Card 118 Route Switch Module 119 Route Switch Feature CardMultilayer Switch Module ∙ Xerox Network Systems XNS 120 Supervisor Engine ModulesRouting Protocol Assignment Supervisor Engines I 121 Supervisor Engine 122 Using the Supervisor EngineEtherport Modules 123 Manually Configured MAC AddressesDetermining the Slot Number in Which a Module Resides Port Security 124 Accessing the Internal Route Processor from the SwitchConfiguring a Hostname on the RSM 125 Enter Global Configuration mode with the following commandsHere is an example of setting the port speed and port name Assign a Vlan to an IP address Configuring a Default Gateway on a CatalystVerifying the IP Configuration on a Catalyst Enabling RIP on an RSM 127 Viewing the RSM’s Running ConfigurationConfiguring InterVLAN Routing on an RSM Configuration to the Nvram 128 Configuring IPX InterVLAN Routing on the RSMConfiguring AppleTalk InterVLAN Routing on an RSM 129 Viewing the RSM ConfigurationAssigning a MAC Address to a Vlan Viewing the MAC Addresses 130 Configuring Filtering on an Ethernet InterfaceConfiguring Port Security on an Ethernet Module 131 Configuring the Catalyst 5000 Supervisor Engine ModuleConfigure the hostname Clearing MAC Addresses 132 133 Viewing the Supervisor Engine ConfigurationChanging the Management Vlan on a Supervisor Engine 134 Configuring the Cisco 2621 External Router for ISL Trunking 135 Configuring Redundancy Using Hsrp 136 137 IP MulticastIP Multicasting Overview 138 BroadcastUnicast ∙ Unicast ∙ Multicast 139 MulticastWant to Join the Military? 140 IP Multicasting AddressesMulticast IP Structure 141 X bits are not used. The remaining bitsAfter removing the X portion, the section Special Multicast Addresses 142 Delivery of Multicast DatagramsMulticast Distribution Tree 143 Multicast ForwardingIgmp Protocols 144 Distance Vector Multicast Routing ProtocolProtocol Independent Multicast 145 Internet Group Management Protocol IgmpIGMPv1 Multicast Open Shortest Path First 146 IGMPv2 147 Multicast at LayerTime to Live Igmp Snooping 148 Cisco Group Management ProtocolRouter Group Management Protocol Enabling PIM on an Interface Configuring IP Multicast RoutingGarp Multicast Registration Protocol Disabling IP Multicast Routing Adding a Router to a Multicast Group Configuring the Rendezvous PointConfiguring a Router to Be a Static Multicast Group Member Restricting Access to a Multicast Group Removing Multicast Groups Configuring Multicast GroupsConfiguring Multicast Router Ports Changing the Igmp Host−Query Message Interval Disabling Igmp Snooping Configuring Igmp SnoopingConfiguring Igmp Fast−Leave Processing Removing the Multicast Router 153 Displaying Igmp StatisticsDisplaying Multicast Routers Learned from Igmp Displaying Igmp Multicast Groups Disabling Cgmp Fast−Leave Processing Configuring CgmpDisabling Cgmp Enabling Cgmp Fast−Leave Processing Displaying Rgmp Groups Configuring Rgmp on the SwitchConfiguring Rgmp on the Router Disabling Rgmp on the Switch 156 Configuring GmrpDisplaying RGMP−Capable Router Ports Displaying Rgmp Vlan Statistics Disabling Gmrp on Individual Ports Configuring Gmrp RegistrationDisabling Gmrp Enabling Gmrp on Individual Ports 158 Displaying the Gmrp ConfigurationSetting Gmrp Timers Displaying Gmrp Timers 159 Configuring Bandwidth−Based SuppressionConfiguring Packet−Based Suppression Disabling Multicast Suppression 160 WAN Cell SwitchingATM Overview 161 ATM-Easy to Learn? 162 ATM Circuit SwitchingATM Protocols ATM Cells 163 Time Division Multiplexing 164 ATM Switch and ATM EndpointsATM Reference Model ATM Cell Header 165 Physical LayerATM Layer 166 Specifying ATM ConnectionsATM Adaptation Layer 167 Local Area Network Emulation LaneATM Addressing 168 Lane ComponentsWhat Are ELANs? 169 LAN Emulation Client LECLAN Emulation Server LES 170 LAN Emulation Configuration Server Lecs 171 Broadcast and Unknown Server BUSATM Module Subinterfaces LEC Queries 172 Integrated Local Management Interface IlmiLane Communication ATM Addresses 173 LE Messages Joining and Registering with the LES Lane Configuration GuidelinesDevices by using the config net command How Lane Works 175 Configuring ATM on the 5000 SwitchImplementing Lane 176 Lane ModulesNetwork Management on the Lane Module 177 Connecting in an ATM NetworkSegmentation and Reassembly 178 Accessing the ATM Lane ModuleMonitoring and Maintaining Lane Displaying the Selector Field 179 Configuring the LES/BUSConfiguring a LEC for an Elan Verifying the LES/BUS Configuration 180 Verifying a LEC Configuration on an ElanMap the LEC bus to the Ethernet Elan named default Map the LEC bus to the Ethernet Elan named ELAN2 181 Configuring the LecsViewing the Lane Database Binding the Lecs Address to an Interface 182 Verifying the Lecs ConfigurationVerify the proper setup with the following command 183 LightStream SwitchesLightStream 184 100MbpsSTS−3c/STM−1 155Mbps 185 186 Virtual Path ConnectionsNeighborhood Discovery Function 187 LightStream Troubleshooting ToolsLightStream Boot Process MPS Supported Troubleshooting ProtocolsSnooping Mechanisms Multiprotocol Over ATM MPC Configuring the HostnameConfiguring an Enable Password Configuring the Processor Card Ethernet Interface Identify the private virtual path PVP number Configuring Virtual Private TunnelsVerifying an ATM Interface Connection Status Enter the interface on the module 191 Viewing the Configured Virtual ConnectionsConfiguring the Advertised Lecs Address Viewing the Lane Configuration 192 Viewing the Installed Modules 193 Configuring the MPCConfiguring the MPS Changing the MPS Variables 194 Enabling Ilmi AutoconfigurationConfiguring Lane on a LightStream Monitoring the MPS 195 Powering on the LightStream 100 ATM SwitchConfiguring the LS100 Switch 196 Recovering a Lost Password 197 198 199 Layer 2 Switching OverviewLayer 2 Redundant Links Frames ∙ Broadcast frames ∙ Multicast frames ∙ Unknown unicasts Layer 2 Network LoopsBroadcast and Multicast Frames Unknown Unicasts 201 Edsger Dijkstra’s Graph Theory 202 STP Root Bridges 203 Bridge Protocol Data Units 204 Bpdu Timers 205 Parent and Child SwitchesRoot Bridge Selection Selection Process 206 Port Costs, Path Costs, and Port Priorities 207 Spanning Tree Convergence TimeEqual Cost Paths 208 STP Port States 209 EtherChannelPer−VLAN Spanning Tree Pvst and PVST+ 210 EtherChannel Administrative GroupsLink Failure Port Aggregation Protocol 211 Fast Convergence Components of STPPortFast UplinkFast 212 Enabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based SwitchBackboneFast 213 Disabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based SwitchDisabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch by Vlan Following example, the Vlan number is 214 Configuring STP on an IOS Command−Based SwitchDisabling STP on an IOS Command−Based Switch Root Viewing the STP Configuration on a Command Line SwitchConfiguring the STP Root Switch Configuring the STP Secondary Root Switch 216 Assigning a Port Cost to a Port Using a CLI−Based SwitchSecondary optional 217 Configuring the Port Priority on a Set/Clear Command−BasedConfiguring the Port Priority on a CLI−Based IOS 218 Verifying the Vlan Priority SettingsAdjusting the FwdDelay Timer on a Set/Clear Command−Based Adjusting the Hello Timer on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS 219 Adjusting the MaxAge Timer on a Set/Clear Command−BasedPreparing to Enable EtherChannel 220 Disables the port from channeling or creating a bundleNegotiation. This is the default setting 221 Verifying the EtherChannel ConfigurationDefining an EtherChannel Administrative Group Viewing an EtherChannel Administrative Group 222 Configuring EtherChannel on an IOS−Based SwitchHere, the mode is auto Identifying the Template Port 223 Enabling PortFast on a Set/Clear Command−Based SwitchDisabling PortFast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch Enabling PortFast on a CLI−Based IOS Switch Disabling UplinkFast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch Disabling PortFast on a CLI−Based IOS SwitchVerifying the PortFast Configuration Enabling UplinkFast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch 225 Verifying the UplinkFast ConfigurationEnabling UplinkFast on a Cisco IOS Command−Based Switch Disabling UplinkFast on a Cisco IOS Command−Based Switch Disabling BackboneFast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch Viewing the UplinkFast Configuration on an IOS−Based SwitchViewing UplinkFast Statistics on an IOS−Based Switch Enabling BackboneFast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch 227 Multilayer SwitchingWhy Not Call Them Routers? How MLS Works 228 ∙ MLS Switching Engine MLS−SE-The switch supporting MLSMLS Components Prioritizing Traffic Flows 229 230 MLS Flows 231 Access List Flow MasksDestination−IP Flow Mask Source−Destination−IP Flow Mask 232 MLS Troubleshooting NotesIP Access Lists and MLS Interaction IP−Flow Flow Mask 233 Configuring MLS 234 Aging TimersMLS Cache MLS Cache Fast Aging Time Configuring an External MLS Route ProcessorVTP Domain Management Interfaces Disabling Mlsp on an MLS−RP for IPX Enabling Mlsp on an MLS−RP for IPDisabling Mlsp on an MLS−RP for IP Enabling Mlsp on an MLS−RP for IPX Re−enabling MLS on a Catalyst Configuring the MLS Switch EngineEnabling MLS on an Individual Interface Disabling MLS on an External Router Interface Disabling Fast Aging on a Catalyst Configuring the MLS Cache on the CatalystConfiguring Fast Aging on a Catalyst Disabling MLS on a Catalyst Disabling Normal Aging on the Catalyst Configuring Long Aging on the CatalystConfiguring Normal Aging on the Catalyst Disabling Long Aging on the Catalyst Viewing MLS−RPs Monitoring and Viewing the MLS ConfigurationViewing the MLS Aging Configuration on a Catalyst Displaying the IP MLS Configuration 241 Displaying MLS VTP Domain InformationViewing the MLS Vlan Interface Information Viewing MLS Statistics on the Catalyst 242 Viewing MLS Entries 243 Routing ProblemsHot Standby Routing Protocol 244 Routing Information ProtocolProxy ARP Icmp Router Discovery Protocol 245 SolutionToken Ring Standby Groups 255 246 Groups primarily to facilitate load sharing 247 Hsrp Message FormatHsrp States 248 Hsrp ConfigurationHsrp Interface Tracking Disabling Icmp Redirects 249 Entering Configuration Mode on an RSMOpening a Session on an Internal Route Processor Assigning an Hsrp Interface Priority Assigning a Preempt Delay to a Standby GroupRemoving a Preempt Delay from a Standby Group Setting the Hsrp Hello and Hold Timers Here’s what happened Removing the Hsrp Hello and Hold TimersConfiguring a Clear−Text Password for Hsrp Authentication Configuring Two Rsfc Interfaces as One Hsrp Group 252 Using the show standby CommandEnabling Interface Tracking 253 Using the debug Command 254 Access Security PoliciesPolicy Networking 255 Core Layer PoliciesDistribution Layer Policies 256 ∙ Managing Hypertext Transfer Protocol Http accessAccess Lists Access List Types 257 Access list string as an example 258 List 259 To remove a remark, use a command like the followingApplying Access Lists 260 Applying Access Lists to Route Filtering Implementing Privilege Levels Security at the Access LayerConfiguring Passwords Limiting Telnet Access 262 Configuring Banner MessagesPhysical Device Security 263 Creating a Standard Access ListVlan Management Static MAC Assignment vs. Dynamic MAC Assignment 264 Creating an Extended Access List 265 266 Applying Access Lists Using access−classApplying Access Lists Using distribute−list 267 Configuring a Telnet Session Time−Out ValueConfiguring Line Console Time−Out Values Implementing Privilege Levels on a 1900EN 268 Configuring Banner MessagesEnabling Http Access Exec−timeout 5 Local EnableEnabling Port Security Aaa Displaying the MAC Address Table 271 272 Web ManagementStandard and Enterprise Edition Cvsm Cvsm Client Requirements 273 Cvsm Access LevelsCvsm Default Home 274 Switch Image 275 276 Connecting to the Web Management Console 277 278 279 280 281 Configuring the Switch Port Analyzer 282 283 1900 and 2820 Series SwitchesStandard Edition IOS Main Menu Choices 284 Console Settings 285 System Menu 286 IP ConfigurationNetwork Management Let’s look at each option from this menu in more detail 287 Snmp Management 288 Snmp Default Trap MessagesBridge − Spanning Tree Cisco Discovery Protocol 289 Port ConfigurationCisco Group Management Protocol 290 Syntax PortAUI port Port Statuses 291 292 Port Addressing 293 Port Statistics DetailMonitor Virtual LAN 294 Multicast RegistrationFirmware 295 RS−232 Interface 296 Usage Summaries 297 298 Configuring Network Settings on the 1900 and 2820 Series∙ X Exit-This option returns you to the Main Menu 299 Configuring Broadcast Storm Control on Switch Ports 300 Configuring Snmp on the 1900 Series 301 302 303 Configuring Port Monitoring on the Standard Edition IOSRelated solution Found on Enabling Snmp Contact 304 Configuring VLANs on the Standard Edition IOS 305 306 307 Configuring Spanning Tree ProtocolSelect E to enable Uplink Fast Assigning a Static Vlan to an Interface on a 1900EN Series 308 309 Switch TroubleshootingHardware Troubleshooting No Power 310 Indicator Lights 311 Switch CablingSwitched Port Analyzers Cross−Over Cables Switch Troubleshooting ToolsCable Problems CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworks 313 IOS Software Troubleshooting Commands Show cdp neighbors Show configShow cam Duplicate MAC Addresses Show mac Show flashShow interface Show log Show version Viewing the Set/Clear IOS ConfigurationShow system Show test 317 318 319 320 Viewing the CLI−Based IOS Configuration 321 Viewing the IOS Version Information on a CLI−Based IOS Show test module number 322 323 324 Viewing the VTP Domain Configuration on a Set/Clear IOSViewing the VTP Domain Configuration on a CLI−Based IOS 325 Viewing the Vlan Configuration on a CLI−Based IOS 326 Viewing the Spanning Tree Configuration on a CLI−Based IOS 327 328 Viewing the CAM MAC Address Table on a CLI−Based IOS 329 Viewing the CDP Neighbors on a Set/Clear Command−BasedViewing the CDP Neighbors on a CLI−Based IOS 330 Viewing Individual Port CAM Tables on a CLI−Based IOSViewing Port Statistics on a Set/Clear IOS MAC 331 332 Here is the output using the exception syntaxViewing Port Statistics on a CLI−Based IOS 333 Using the Port Configuration on a Set/Clear Command−BasedUsing the show port Command on a CLI−Based IOS 334 Using the show vlan Command on a Set/Clear Command−BasedUsing the show vlan Command on a CLI−Based IOS 335 Using the show interface Command on a CLI−Based IOS 336 Using the show log Command on a Set/Clear Command−Based 337 338 339 340 Live Cisco Training/Internet−Based Labs/Study Resources Appendix a Study ResourcesBooks Cisco Group Study and Users Groups Online Resources VLANs Quality of ServiceStandards Organizations Spanning Tree Protocol 344 Cisco Job Search Sites∙ it.careershop.com Appendix B Basic IOS CLI−to−Set/Clear Commands 346 Configures STP Set spantree enable mod/number helloVlan name Vlan−membership static vlan Assigns a port to 347 Appendix C The Cisco ConsultantEstablishing Credibility 348 Designing a SolutionCome Off As an Expert 349 Estimating the CostPresenting the Final Proposal and Creating Expectations Total up front 350 ContractingDocument, Document, Document Way to Fail 351 Failing to Manage Your TimeAssuming You Know What the Customer Needs 352 ConclusionFailing to Take Responsibility 353 Required Equipment 354 Lab Objectives 355 Possible Solution1912 Basic Configuration Configure a password for the switch 356 Enable trunking on this port to always be onAssign Vlan names 357 Catalyst 5000 Basic Configuration 358 Configuring the Cisco 2621 Interface for ISL TrunkingVerify the configurations Forwarding rate 370 pps Max MAC addresses 024 048 Appendix E Switch FeaturesAccess Layer Switches Cisco Catalyst 360 Forwarding rate 370 pps 361 4MB Dram 8MB 362 Cisco Catalyst 3500 Series XL12MB 363 Cisco Catalyst 3900 Series16MB Stackable Yes Forwarding Rate Million pps 364 Distribution Layer SwitchesKey Features and Benefits Up to 8MB Stackable Yes 365 Key FeaturesCisco Catalyst 4000 Series Catalyst 5000 Series 366 Catalyst 6000 Series 367 Core Layer/WAN Switches 368 Catalyst 8400 ServicesCisco Catalyst 8400 Series Catalyst 8400 Modules 369 Cisco Catalyst 8500 SeriesNetwork Management 370 BPX 8680 Universal Service NodeBPX 8600 Series 371 ServicesMGX 8800 Series 372 Series Gigabit Switch Routers 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 Ieee 802.1Q HubHypertext Transfer Protocol Http See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Ieee 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395