Schneider Electric iEM3100 Power and PF lead / lag, PF lead / lag summary, PF sign in IEC

iEM3100 / iEM3200 / iEM3300 series user manual Power, energy and power factor

Power and PF lead / lag

+Q

(+kVAR)

Quadrant 2 Quadrant 1

Q (+)

PF lead

-P (-kW)

PF lag

Q (-)

S	S
P (-)	P (+)
P (-)	P (+)
S	S

Q (+)

PF lag

+P

(+kW)

PF lead

Q (-)

	Quadrant 3		Quadrant 4
		-Q
		(-kVAR)
PF lead / lag summary
Quadrant		Current phase shift		Load type	PF lead / lag
Quadrant 1		Current lags voltage		Inductive	PF lag
Quadrant 2		Current leads voltage		Capacitive	PF lead
Quadrant 3		Current lags voltage		Inductive	PF lag
Quadrant 4		Current leads voltage		Capacitive	PF lead

PF sign convention

The meter shows positive or negative power factor according to IEC standards.

PF sign in IEC

The meter correlates power factor sign (PF sign) with the direction of real power (P) flow.

•For positive real power (+P), the PF sign is positive (+).

•For negative real power (-P), the PF sign is negative (-).

+Q

(+kVAR)

Quadrant 2 Quadrant 1

Q (+)

PF sign -

-P (-kW)

PF sign -

Q (-)

S	S
P (-)	P (+)
P (-)	P (+)
S	S

Q (+)

PF sign +

+P

(+kW)

PF sign +

Q (-)

Quadrant 3 Quadrant 4

-Q (-kVAR)

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