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Data Type
"›"˜›©zF˜=FOamF’˜§^"›˜="›"˜a’˜=a’zd"©F=˜Op•˜"m˜p*bF4›˜›©zF•˜p•˜F¨"hzdF:˜Op•˜"m˜ "VFm›˜p*bF4›˜›©zF:˜¤›"›’˜4"m˜=a’zd"©˜amOp•h"›apm˜"VFm›’˜"•F˜am›F•F’›F=˜am:˜’¤4^˜ "’˜›^F˜›p›"d˜m¤h*F•˜pO˜4"dd’˜›^F˜"VFm›˜^"’˜"m’§F•F=˜’am4F˜dpVam:˜›^F˜"¦F•"VF˜›ahF˜ ›^F˜"VFm›˜^"’˜’zFm›˜pm˜˜4"dd’:˜›^F˜m¤h*F•˜pO˜"VFm›’˜"¦"ad"*dF˜›p˜•F4Fa¦F˜4"dd’˜ Op•˜"˜’zda›:˜"m=˜›^F˜zF•4Fm›˜pO˜4"dd’˜§a›^am˜›^F˜"44Fz›"*dF˜’F•¦a4F˜dF¦Fd•
p•˜’zda›˜p*bF4›˜›©zF’:˜¤›"›’˜4"m˜=a’zd"©˜’zda›˜=F’4•az›apm˜"m=˜zF•Op•h"m4F˜ amOp•h"›apm:˜’¤4^˜"’˜"¦F•"VF˜’zFF=˜pO˜"m’§F•:˜m¤h*F•˜pO˜4"dd’˜§"a›amV:˜"m=˜ "VFm›˜§p•c˜’›"›F’•˜¤›"›’˜4"m˜"d’p˜=a’zd"©˜"m˜p*bF4›a¦F:˜"44Fz›"*dF˜’F•¦a4F˜ dF¦Fd:˜p•˜zF•4Fm›˜pO˜4"dd’˜"m’§F•F=˜§a›^am˜›^F˜"44Fz›"*dF˜’F•¦a4F˜dF¦Fd˜Op•˜"˜’zda›•˜
FF˜Table 1-53˜"m=˜Table 1-56˜Op•˜hp•F˜amOp•h"›apm˜pm˜="›"˜›©zF’•
Period
¤›"›’˜4"m˜’^p§˜’›"›a’›a4’˜›^"›˜^"¦F˜"44¤h¤d"›F=˜Op•˜›^F˜="©:˜p•˜Op•˜"m˜ "=hama’›F•F=˜m¤h*F•˜pO˜am›F•¦"d’•˜p•˜F¨"hzdF:˜aO˜©p¤˜"=hama’›F•˜¤›"›’˜›p˜ =a’zd"©˜›^F˜m¤h*F•˜pO˜˜4"dd’˜Op•˜›^F˜z"’›˜T˜4phzdF›F=˜am›F•¦"d’:˜a›˜=a’zd"©’˜›^F˜
a›^˜"VFm›˜p•˜"VFm›_F¨›Fm’apm˜p*bF4›˜›©zF’:˜’^aO›˜="›"˜a’˜"¦"ad"*dF˜Op•˜›^F˜m¤h*F•˜ pO˜˜4"dd’˜"m’§F•F=:˜›^F˜"¦F•"VF˜˜›"dc˜›ahF:˜"m=˜˜§p•c˜hp=F˜›ahF˜*©˜ F"’pm˜p=F˜Op•˜"m˜"VFm›•˜ p¤˜4"m˜4dF"•˜’^aO›˜="›"˜"›˜ha=maV^›˜p•˜›^F˜mF¨›˜›ahF˜ "m˜"VFm›˜dpV’˜am•
Threshold
"m©˜="›"˜›©zF’˜4"m˜*F˜"=hama’›F•F=˜§a›^˜"˜›^•F’^pd=˜4phz"•"›p•˜"m=˜¦"d¤F•˜ ^Fm˜›^F˜4pm=a›apm˜=FOamF=˜*©˜›^F˜›^•F’^pd=˜a’˜›•¤F:˜"m=˜›^F˜="›"˜›©zF˜a’˜’^p§m˜ pm˜›^F˜=a’zd"©:˜›^F˜¤›"›’˜*¤››pm˜d"hz˜Od"’^F’•˜p•˜F¨"hzdF:˜’¤zzp’F˜"˜Op•h"›˜a’˜ 4•F"›F=˜am˜§^a4^˜›^F˜pd=F’›˜4"dd˜§"a›amV˜="›"˜›©zF˜a’˜"=hama’›F•F=˜§a›^˜"˜›^•F’^pd=˜ pO˜YK˜V•F"›F•˜›^"m˜p•˜F„¤"d˜›p}˜Oa¦F˜ham¤›F’•˜^FmF¦F•˜›^"›˜¤›"›’˜Op•h"›˜a’˜ =a’zd"©F=:˜aO˜›^F˜pd=F’›˜4"dd˜am˜„¤F¤F˜^"’˜*FFm˜§"a›amV˜Op•˜Oa¦F˜ham¤›F’˜p•˜dpmVF•:˜ ›^F˜¤›"›’˜d"hz˜Od"’^F’˜pm˜›^F˜z^pmF•˜"4^˜›ahF˜›^F˜=a’zd"©˜¤z="›F’:˜›^F˜ ›^•F’^pd=˜a’˜4^F4cF=˜Op•˜F"4^˜="›"˜›©zF˜*FamV˜=a’zd"©F=•
Format description
’F˜p•h"›˜F’4•az›apm˜›p˜4•F"›F˜d"*Fd’˜pm˜›^F˜=a’zd"©˜›p˜a=Fm›aO©˜="›"•˜p•˜ F¨"hzdF:˜am˜Figure
F4"¤’F˜pO˜›^F˜T¬_4^"•"4›F•˜daha›:˜¤’F˜"**•F¦a"›apm’˜§^Fm˜zp’’a*dF•˜p•˜ F¨"hzdF:˜¤’F˜‰KŠ˜›p˜am=a4"›F˜‰’zda›˜m¤h*F•Š•
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