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HP Host Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) manual HP-UX Hids Components, Graphic Representation

Models: Host Intrusion Detection System (HIDS)

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Overview

HP-UX HIDS Components

HP-UX HIDS Components

HP-UX HIDS consists of the following components. See “Glossary of HP-UX HIDS Terms” on page 13 for more deﬁnitions.

•Management interface. The System Manager allows the administrator to conﬁgure, control, and monitor the HP-UX HIDS system. Any intrusions detected are reported here as alerts.

•Host-based agent. The agent gathers system data, monitors system activity, and issues intrusion alerts.

•Detection templates. Most attacks exhibit a limited number of common patterns and similar steps. Therefore, once these patterns of activity are recognized as matching one of the HP-UX HIDS detection templates, HP-UX HIDS can detect the intrusion.

•Data-gathering components. HP-UX HIDS provides a way of observing what people are doing on your systems and networks. This is accomplished through a set of data gathering modules that gather and format information from data sources at various points within the system.

•Correlation engine. HP-UX HIDS uses a correlation process that takes data from system data sources and determines whether an alert should be issued.

•Secure network communications link. HP-UX HIDS uses an encrypted network link as a means of stopping an attacker from observing the trafﬁc between its components and possibly sending false data to disrupt its operations.

•Response capability. Alerts are sent to the System Manager. In addition, the alerts can be processed by response programs that you create and/or install.

Graphic Representation

Figure 1-1 shows a graphic representation of these components.

The HP-UX HIDS System Manager performs Security Management and develops Surveillance Schedules that are sent to the HP-UX HIDS Agent where they are run at speciﬁed times, using Kernel Audit Data and System Log Data.

If an alert is generated, it is sent to the HP-UX HIDS System Manager, which posts it as an Alert Notiﬁcation.

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Chapter 1

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HP Host Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) manual HP-UX Hids Components, Graphic Representation

Contents

Edition HP-UX Host Intrusion Detection System Administrator’s GuideManufacturing Part Number J5083-90013 December Warranty Government License Trademarks Iii Conventions Contents System Manager Screen Schedule Manager Screen Network Node Screen Host Manager ScreenVii Templates and Alerts Preferences ScreenViii Automated Response Idsagent CommandIdsadmin Command Agent Conﬁguration File Messages TroubleshootingHP Software License Original SSLeay License HP Software License Terms Xii Overview Summary Documentation Loss of Intellectual Property Why Do You Need Intrusion Detection?Loss of Financial Assets Loss of Computing Resources Misplaced Trust Who Are the Perpetrators?How Are These Threats Realized? Malicious Code Being Used as a Springboard to Attack the Next Victim Why Existing Tools Are Only Part of the SolutionExcessive Privilege for Simple Tasks Firewalls Encryption Security Auditing Tools Where Does Intrusion Detection Fit In? What Is Intrusion Detection? What HP-UX Hids Does What HP-UX Hids Does Not Do HP-UX Hids Components Graphic Representation How the Components Interact to Detect Intrusions HP-UX Hids Components Surveillance Groups HP-UX Hids Secure CommunicationsDetection Templates Surveillance Schedules Glossary of HP-UX Hids Terms Kernel Intrusion Detection DataIntrusion Detection System Node Virus System ManagerVulnerability Glossary of HP-UX Hids Terms Chapter Conﬁguration Conﬁguration Required IntroductionOptional Script to Use Where Used End Product Setting Up the HP-UX Hids Secure CommunicationsOverview of Procedures to Set Up Secure Communications Create the X.509 Certiﬁcates $ IDSgenAdminKeys install $ IDSgenAgentCerts TIP Transport the Certiﬁcates Install the Keys on Each Host $ IDSimportAgentKeys /var/opt/ids/tmp/myhost1.tar.Z myadmin Conﬁguring a Multihomed Agent System Step Example $ nslookup large2 Conﬁguring a Multihomed Administration System To conﬁgure a multihomed administration system Edit the agent conﬁguration ﬁle for example Conﬁguring a Loopback System To conﬁgure a loopback system Working with NIS Conﬁguring PortsWorking with Firewalls To change the value of maxthreadproc Enabling Large Numbers of AgentsEnabling Over 23 Agents Thread Limits Select Kernel Conﬁguration Select Conﬁgurable Parameters Enabling Over 20 Inbound Requests To view and change the value of tcpconnrequestmax Runtime File Permissions Accessing ManpagesRestricting Permissions Files Permissions Accessing Manpages Chapter Getting Started Getting Started Agents System Manager Set up hosts and run schedules Starting HP-UX Hids for the First Time See , Host Manager Screen, on Host Manager Operations ScreensSchedule Manager Network Node Searching Entries Basic Screen ActionsSelecting Entries in Lists Sorting Entries Basic Screen Actions Chapter System Manager Screen System Manager Screen System Manager Screen To start the HP-UX Hids System Manager Starting the HP-UX Hids System ManagerStopping the HP-UX Hids System Manager To stop the HP-UX Hids System Manager Status Field Values On the System Manager ScreenStatus Value Description To get the status of agent hosts Getting the Status of Agent HostsOn the System Manager screen Resynchronizing Agent Hosts To resynchronize agent hosts To activate a surveillance schedule on agent hosts Activating a Schedule on Agent HostsChoose the Actions Activate Schedule menu item Stopping Schedules on Agent Hosts To stop a surveillance schedule on agent hosts Starting HP-UX Hids Agents To start the agent To halt agents remotely from the System Manager Halting HP-UX Hids AgentsTo halt the agent locally on the agent host Go to Host Manager Screen Accessing Other ScreensGo to Schedule Manager Screen To go to the Schedule Manager screen Go to Preferences Screen Go to Network Node ScreenReturn to System Manager Screen Accessing Other Screens Chapter Schedule Manager Screen Schedule Manager Screen Schedule Manager Creating a Surveillance Schedule To create a surveillance schedule To display the Schedule Manager screen Displaying the Schedule Manager ScreenClosing the Schedule Manager Screen To close the Schedule Manager screen Copying a Surveillance Schedule Conﬁguring Surveillance SchedulesCreating a New Surveillance Schedule To create a new surveillance schedule Modifying a Surveillance Schedule To modify a surveillance schedule To rename a surveillance schedule Renaming a Surveillance ScheduleChoose File Save Selected Schedule As Undoing and Redoing Changes Deleting a Surveillance ScheduleTo delete a surveillance schedule To save a surveillance schedule Saving a Surveillance ScheduleChoose File Save Selected Schedule Copying a Surveillance Group Conﬁguring Surveillance GroupsCreating a New Surveillance Group To create a new surveillance group Modifying a Surveillance Group To modify a surveillance group Rename Surveillance Group Dialog Renaming a Surveillance GroupTo rename a surveillance group Saving a Surveillance Group Deleting a Surveillance GroupTo delete a surveillance group Modifying a Property Value In a Template Conﬁguring Detection TemplatesTo change the value of a property in a detection template Edit List Dialog To add a new value Suggested Best Practices 11Edit Dialog Edit Some Template Conﬁguration Guidelines Setting Surveillance Schedule Timetables Specifying When a Schedule Will Run To specify when a schedule will run Canceling Changes See Saving a Surveillance Schedule on Refreshing the Details Display Viewing Surveillance Schedule DetailsViewing the Source of a Surveillance Schedule To view the source of a surveillance schedule Save Dialog Clearing the Details DisplaySaving the Details Display To clear the display Predeﬁned Surveillance Schedules and Groups Predeﬁned Surveillance Schedules Predeﬁned Surveillance Schedules Host Manager Screen Host Manager Screen Managing Hosts Displaying the Host Manager Screen Closing the Host Manager Screen Add Host Dialog Adding New HostsAdding a New Host Manually To add a new host manually Address ﬁeld Host NameIP Address Host Name and IP Address Adding New Hosts from /etc/hostsName ﬁeld To add new hosts from /etc/hosts Open Dialog Adding New Hosts from a FileRules for Host Lists Files To add new hosts from a ﬁle Modifying a Host To modify a host entry Deleting Hosts To delete a host entry To enable or disable an agent host for monitoring Enabling and Disabling Hosts Managing Tags Add, modify or delete tags To add a tag To edit a tag To delete a tag Saving the Host List in the Current File Maintaining Host FilesSaving the Host List in a Different File Using an Alternate Host List File Using Multiple Host Files Maintaining Host Files Chapter Network Node Screen 100 Closing a Network Node Screen Network Node ScreenOpening a Network Node Screen To display the Network Node screen for an agent host Alerts Tab 102 HP-UX Hids Alerts What They Mean, What to Do HP-UX Hids Errors What They Mean, What to Do Errors Tab104 Selecting with the Mouse General OperationsSelecting Entries Simple Version Searching for a String Searching for the Next Unseen EntryFind Dialog Marking Entries as Seen or Unseen To delete one or more alerts or errorsDeleting an Entry To search again Unseen 108 Saving the Current Log File Set Saving a Log File SetNetwork Node screen from the System Manager screen Saving a New Log File Set Example Creating a New File Set Save Dialog BoxPress Ctrl-A Example Saving the File Set over Another File Set Log File Rotation Opening a Log File SetOpen Dialog Box 112 Preferences Screen 114 Preferences Screen To choosing Actions Status Poll from the System Manager Option Default DescriptionGeneral Preferences 116 Actions Resync from the System Manager screen Alert Events Preferences Column Name Default DescriptionBrowser Preferences 118 Error Events Preferences Column Default Description Name System Manager Subtab 120 Templates and Alerts Property Types AlertsLimitations Templates Table A-1 Detection Templates Alert SummaryAttack Detected Alert Alert Severity Detection Template 124 Appendix a 125 Examples Unix Regular Expressions126 Appendix a 127 Limitations 128 Template Property Types Type I Pathnames to Not Monitor Type II Pathnames/Programs Pairs 130 Type III UIDs Type IV UID Pairs Type VI Time Strings Type V Network Triplets132 Type VII Flags Type Viii Scalars Buffer Overﬂow Template 134 Table A-2 Template Properties Name Type Default ValueExecute on Stack Table A-3 Execute on Stack Alert Properties 136 Unusual Argument Length Table A-4 Unusual Argument Length Alert Properties Argument with Non-printable Character 138 Appendix a 139 140 Race Condition Template Table A-6 Template Properties Table A-7 File Reference Modiﬁcation Alert Properties File Reference Modiﬁcation142 Appendix a 143 Table A-8 Setuid Script Executed Alert Properties Privileged Setuid Script Executed144 Appendix a 145 Table A-9 Template Properties Modiﬁcation of Files/Directories Template146 Properties 148 File Being Modiﬁed Table A-10 File Being Modiﬁed Alert Properties 150 Appendix a 151 Table A-11 Template Properties Changes to Log File Template152 Append-Only File Being Modiﬁed Table A-12 Append-Only File Being Modiﬁed Alert Properties 154 Alerts generated Creation of Setuid File TemplateTable A-13 Template Properties By this template Table A-14 Setuid File Created Alert Properties Setuid File Created156 Appendix a 157 Table A-15 Template Properties Creation of World-Writable File Template158 World-Writable File Created Table A-16 World-writable File Created Alert Properties 160 Appendix a 161 162 Modiﬁcation of Another User’s File Template Table A-17 Template Properties Table A-18 Non-owned File Being Modiﬁed Alert Properties Non-owned File Being Modiﬁed164 Appendix a 165 Limitations 166 Login/Logout Template Table A-19 Template Properties 168 Login/Logout Table A-20 Login/Logout Alert Properties Table A-21 Successful su Detected Alert Properties Successful su Detected170 Appendix a 171 172 Table A-22 Template Properties Repeated Failed Logins TemplateTemplate How this template Table A-23 Failed Login Attempts Alert Properties Failed Login Attempts174 Appendix a 175 Table A-24 Template Properties Repeated Failed su Commands TemplateRepeated Failed su Attempts Table A-25 Repeated Failed Su Attempts Alert Properties Appendix a 177 Template Conﬁguration Syntax 178 Appendix a 179 180 Automated Response 182 General Guidelines Response Methods 184 Security checks How Automated Response Works in HP-UX HidsAlert Process Programming Notes Table B-1 Additional Arguments Passed to Response Programs 186 Appendix B 187 Name Value Description Table B-3 Environment Variables Set for Response Programs188 Appendix B 189 Writing Privileged Response Programs Programming GuidelinesWriting Perl vs. Shell Response Scripts 190 Code Examples Solution aCode for scriptA.sh Code for PrivB program Solution BCode for privA program 192 Solution C Code for scriptC.sh script #!/usr/bin/sh Code for privC program194 Sample C Language Program Source Code Sample Response ProgramsSample Shell Script Alert Responses Forwarding Information 196 Appendix B 197 Halting any further attacks 198 Appendix B 199 Preservation of evidence 200 Appendix B 201 Restoration of a known good state 202 OVO Enablement in HP-UX Hids HP OpenView Operations Smart Plug-In 204 Idsagent Command 206 Idsagent Command Synopsis Options Example 208 Idsadmin Command 210 Idsadmin Command Synopsis Startup Options Commands 212 Agent Conﬁguration File 214 Agent Conﬁguration File Forcing Active Agent to Reread Conﬁguration File Table E-1 Global Conﬁguration Variables Name Default ValueGlobal Conﬁguration 216 Table E-2 Data Source Process ConﬁgurationKernel Audit Data DSP DSP idskernDSP Parameters 218 Table E-3 Remote Communication ConﬁgurationCorrelator Conﬁguration Variables 220 Messages 222 Agent Messages Idsagent failed to initialize conﬁguration module Idsagent failed to reopen stderr in append modeIdsagent internal error in handling signature groups Idsagent failed to start group Idsagent unable to setup signal handler Idsagent unable to setup Sigchld signal handlerIdsagent unable to setup Sighup signal handler Idsagent unable to setup Sigsegv signal handler Idsagent failed to create schedule path ﬁlename Idsagent error trying to shutdown a processIdsagent failed to allocate memory Idsagent failed to execute correlator corr Idsagent failed to initialize schedule Idsagent internal error no correlator in PMStartProcessesIdsagent internal error occurred in PMStopGroup Idsagent failed to initialize schedule in crontab Idsagent not enough disk space to save conﬁg ﬁle Idsagent not enough disk space to create scheduleIdsagent not enough disk space to parse schedule Idsagent out of process table space Internal error unknown state Internal errorUnable to open the response script directory dir System Manager Messages Invalid Host State Unable to disable host Exception while opening ﬁle filename File Save ErrorIncomplete or Invalid Entry Data Entry Error Invalid Property Value value Property Value Error Searchstring not found Find Error No more instances of searchstring found Find ErrorOnly one property may be edited at a time Selection Error Select Property to be edited Selection Error Select Surveillance Schedule to copy Selection Error Select Surveillance Group Name to delete Selection ErrorSelect Surveillance Group to copy Selection Error Select Surveillance Schedule to delete Selection Error Unable to Overwrite filename File Save Error Surveillance Schedule not selected Schedule Selection ErrorFollowing hosts are in an invalid state for this command 234 Unknown Host unable to resolve IP Address IPaddress Unknown IP Address unable to resolve Host Name 236 Troubleshooting 238 Appendix G 239 Agent and System Manager cannot communicate with each other Troubleshooting240 Agent does not start on system boot $ /usr/sbin/kmtune -q enableidds Agent host appears to hang and/or you see message disk full Agent needs further troubleshootingTo clean up the IDS message queues 242 Alert date/time sort seems inconsistent Agent does not start after installationAgents appear to be stuck in polling status Alerts are not being displayed in the alert browser Duplicate alerts appear in System Manager Idsadmin needs installed agent certiﬁcatesBuffer overﬂow triggers false positives 244 IDScheckInstall fails with a kmtune error IDSgenAdminKeys or idsgui quits early No Agent Available Large ﬁles in /var/opt/idsLog ﬁles are ﬁlling up 246 SSH does not perform a clean exit after idsgent is started Schedule Manager timetable screen appears to hang System Manager does not start after idsgui is started System Manager appears to hang248 Unknown program and arguments in certain alert messages Using HP-UX Hids with IPFilter and SecureShellIPFilter rules for HP-UX Hids How to allow the SecureShell daemon to forward X11 trafﬁc 250 Appendix G 251 252 HP Software License Appendix H 253 OpenSSL License 254 Original SSLeay License Appendix H 255 256 HP Software License Terms 258