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HP Host Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) manual Summary, 238

Models: Host Intrusion Detection System (HIDS)

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Troubleshooting

Summary

Summary

This appendix describes various steps you can take in resolving problems on the agent and administrative systems. The topics are:

•“Agent and System Manager cannot communicate with each other” on page 240

•“Agent complains that idds has not been enabled, yet lsdev shows /dev/idds is present” on page 241

•“Agent does not start on system boot” on page 241

•“Agent halts abnormally, leaving ids_* ﬁles and message queues” on page 242

•“Agent host appears to hang and/or you see message “disk full”” on page 242

•“Agent needs further troubleshooting” on page 242

•“Agent does not start after installation” on page 243

•“Agents appear to be stuck in polling status” on page 243

•“Alert date/time sort seems inconsistent” on page 243

•“Alerts are not being displayed in the alert browser” on page 243

•“Duplicate alerts appear in System Manager” on page 244

•“Buffer overﬂow triggers false positives” on page 244

•“Idsadmin needs installed agent certiﬁcates” on page 244

•“Idsadmin notiﬁes of bad certiﬁcate when pinging a remote agent” on page 244

•“IDS_checkInstall fails with a kmtune error” on page 245

•“IDS_genAdminKeys or IDS_genAgentCerts does not complete successfully” on page 245

•“IDS_genAdminKeys or idsgui quits early” on page 245

•“Large ﬁles in /var/opt/ids” on page 246

•“Log ﬁles are ﬁlling up” on page 246

•“No Agent Available” on page 246

•“Normal operation of an application generates heavy volume of alerts” on page 247

•“Reﬂection X rlogin produces multiple login and logout alerts” on page 247

•“Schedule Manager timetable screen appears to hang” on page 247

•“SSH does not perform a clean exit after idsgent is started” on page 247

•“System Manager appears to hang” on page 248

•“System Manager does not let you save ﬁles to speciﬁc directories” on page 248

•“System Manager does not start after idsgui is started” on page 248

•“System Manager starts with no borders or title bar in X client programs on Windows” on page 248

238	Appendix G

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HP Host Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) manual Summary, 238

Contents

Edition HP-UX Host Intrusion Detection System Administrator’s GuideManufacturing Part Number J5083-90013 December Warranty Government LicenseTrademarks IiiConventions Contents System Manager Screen Schedule Manager ScreenNetwork Node Screen Host Manager ScreenVii Templates and Alerts Preferences ScreenViii Automated Response Idsagent CommandIdsadmin Command Agent Conﬁguration FileMessages TroubleshootingHP Software License Original SSLeay License HP Software License Terms Xii Overview Summary DocumentationLoss of Intellectual Property Why Do You Need Intrusion Detection?Loss of Financial Assets Loss of Computing ResourcesMisplaced Trust Who Are the Perpetrators?How Are These Threats Realized? Malicious CodeBeing Used as a Springboard to Attack the Next Victim Why Existing Tools Are Only Part of the SolutionExcessive Privilege for Simple Tasks FirewallsEncryption Security Auditing ToolsWhere Does Intrusion Detection Fit In? What Is Intrusion Detection?What HP-UX Hids Does What HP-UX Hids Does Not Do HP-UX Hids Components Graphic RepresentationHow the Components Interact to Detect Intrusions HP-UX Hids ComponentsSurveillance Groups HP-UX Hids Secure CommunicationsDetection Templates Surveillance SchedulesGlossary of HP-UX Hids Terms Kernel Intrusion Detection DataIntrusion Detection System NodeVirus System ManagerVulnerability Glossary of HP-UX Hids Terms Chapter Conﬁguration Conﬁguration Required IntroductionOptional Script to Use Where Used End Product Setting Up the HP-UX Hids Secure CommunicationsOverview of Procedures to Set Up Secure Communications Create the X.509 Certiﬁcates$ IDSgenAdminKeys install $ IDSgenAgentCerts TIP Transport the CertiﬁcatesInstall the Keys on Each Host $ IDSimportAgentKeys /var/opt/ids/tmp/myhost1.tar.Z myadminConﬁguring a Multihomed Agent System StepExample $ nslookup large2Conﬁguring a Multihomed Administration System To conﬁgure a multihomed administration systemEdit the agent conﬁguration ﬁle for example Conﬁguring a Loopback System To conﬁgure a loopback systemWorking with NIS Conﬁguring PortsWorking with Firewalls To change the value of maxthreadproc Enabling Large Numbers of AgentsEnabling Over 23 Agents Thread Limits Select Kernel Conﬁguration Select Conﬁgurable ParametersEnabling Over 20 Inbound Requests To view and change the value of tcpconnrequestmaxRuntime File Permissions Accessing ManpagesRestricting Permissions Files PermissionsAccessing Manpages Chapter Getting Started Getting Started Agents System ManagerSet up hosts and run schedules Starting HP-UX Hids for the First TimeSee , Host Manager Screen, on Host Manager Operations ScreensSchedule Manager Network NodeSearching Entries Basic Screen ActionsSelecting Entries in Lists Sorting EntriesBasic Screen Actions Chapter System Manager Screen System Manager Screen System Manager Screen To start the HP-UX Hids System Manager Starting the HP-UX Hids System ManagerStopping the HP-UX Hids System Manager To stop the HP-UX Hids System ManagerStatus Field Values On the System Manager ScreenStatus Value Description To get the status of agent hosts Getting the Status of Agent HostsOn the System Manager screen Resynchronizing Agent Hosts To resynchronize agent hostsTo activate a surveillance schedule on agent hosts Activating a Schedule on Agent HostsChoose the Actions Activate Schedule menu item Stopping Schedules on Agent Hosts To stop a surveillance schedule on agent hostsStarting HP-UX Hids Agents To start the agentTo halt agents remotely from the System Manager Halting HP-UX Hids AgentsTo halt the agent locally on the agent host Go to Host Manager Screen Accessing Other ScreensGo to Schedule Manager Screen To go to the Schedule Manager screenGo to Preferences Screen Go to Network Node ScreenReturn to System Manager Screen Accessing Other Screens Chapter Schedule Manager Screen Schedule Manager Screen Schedule Manager Creating a Surveillance Schedule To create a surveillance scheduleTo display the Schedule Manager screen Displaying the Schedule Manager ScreenClosing the Schedule Manager Screen To close the Schedule Manager screenCopying a Surveillance Schedule Conﬁguring Surveillance SchedulesCreating a New Surveillance Schedule To create a new surveillance scheduleModifying a Surveillance Schedule To modify a surveillance scheduleTo rename a surveillance schedule Renaming a Surveillance ScheduleChoose File Save Selected Schedule As Undoing and Redoing Changes Deleting a Surveillance ScheduleTo delete a surveillance schedule To save a surveillance schedule Saving a Surveillance ScheduleChoose File Save Selected Schedule Copying a Surveillance Group Conﬁguring Surveillance GroupsCreating a New Surveillance Group To create a new surveillance groupModifying a Surveillance Group To modify a surveillance groupRename Surveillance Group Dialog Renaming a Surveillance GroupTo rename a surveillance group Saving a Surveillance Group Deleting a Surveillance GroupTo delete a surveillance group Modifying a Property Value In a Template Conﬁguring Detection TemplatesTo change the value of a property in a detection template Edit List Dialog To add a new valueSuggested Best Practices 11Edit Dialog EditSome Template Conﬁguration Guidelines Setting Surveillance Schedule Timetables Specifying When a Schedule Will Run To specify when a schedule will runCanceling Changes See Saving a Surveillance Schedule on Refreshing the Details Display Viewing Surveillance Schedule DetailsViewing the Source of a Surveillance Schedule To view the source of a surveillance scheduleSave Dialog Clearing the Details DisplaySaving the Details Display To clear the displayPredeﬁned Surveillance Schedules and Groups Predeﬁned Surveillance SchedulesPredeﬁned Surveillance Schedules Host Manager Screen Host Manager Screen Managing Hosts Displaying the Host Manager ScreenClosing the Host Manager Screen Add Host Dialog Adding New HostsAdding a New Host Manually To add a new host manuallyAddress ﬁeld Host NameIP Address Host Name and IP Address Adding New Hosts from /etc/hostsName ﬁeld To add new hosts from /etc/hostsOpen Dialog Adding New Hosts from a FileRules for Host Lists Files To add new hosts from a ﬁleModifying a Host To modify a host entryDeleting Hosts To delete a host entryTo enable or disable an agent host for monitoring Enabling and Disabling HostsManaging Tags Add, modify or delete tags To add a tagTo edit a tag To delete a tagSaving the Host List in the Current File Maintaining Host FilesSaving the Host List in a Different File Using an Alternate Host List File Using Multiple Host FilesMaintaining Host Files Chapter Network Node Screen 100 Closing a Network Node Screen Network Node ScreenOpening a Network Node Screen To display the Network Node screen for an agent hostAlerts Tab 102HP-UX Hids Alerts What They Mean, What to Do HP-UX Hids Errors What They Mean, What to Do Errors Tab104 Selecting with the Mouse General OperationsSelecting Entries Simple VersionSearching for a String Searching for the Next Unseen EntryFind Dialog Marking Entries as Seen or Unseen To delete one or more alerts or errorsDeleting an Entry To search againUnseen 108Saving the Current Log File Set Saving a Log File SetNetwork Node screen from the System Manager screen Saving a New Log File SetExample Creating a New File Set Save Dialog BoxPress Ctrl-A Example Saving the File Set over Another File SetLog File Rotation Opening a Log File SetOpen Dialog Box 112 Preferences Screen 114 Preferences Screen To choosing Actions Status Poll from the System Manager Option Default DescriptionGeneral Preferences 116Actions Resync from the System Manager screen Alert Events Preferences Column Name Default DescriptionBrowser Preferences 118Error Events Preferences Column Default Description NameSystem Manager Subtab 120Templates and Alerts Property Types AlertsLimitations TemplatesTable A-1 Detection Templates Alert SummaryAttack Detected Alert Alert Severity Detection Template 124 Appendix a 125 Examples Unix Regular Expressions126 Appendix a 127 Limitations 128Template Property Types Type I Pathnames to Not MonitorType II Pathnames/Programs Pairs 130Type III UIDs Type IV UID PairsType VI Time Strings Type V Network Triplets132 Type VII Flags Type Viii ScalarsBuffer Overﬂow Template 134Table A-2 Template Properties Name Type Default ValueExecute on Stack Table A-3 Execute on Stack Alert Properties136 Unusual Argument Length Table A-4 Unusual Argument Length Alert PropertiesArgument with Non-printable Character 138Appendix a 139 140 Race Condition Template Table A-6 Template PropertiesTable A-7 File Reference Modiﬁcation Alert Properties File Reference Modiﬁcation142 Appendix a 143 Table A-8 Setuid Script Executed Alert Properties Privileged Setuid Script Executed144 Appendix a 145 Table A-9 Template Properties Modiﬁcation of Files/Directories Template146 Properties 148 File Being Modiﬁed Table A-10 File Being Modiﬁed Alert Properties150 Appendix a 151 Table A-11 Template Properties Changes to Log File Template152 Append-Only File Being Modiﬁed Table A-12 Append-Only File Being Modiﬁed Alert Properties154 Alerts generated Creation of Setuid File TemplateTable A-13 Template Properties By this templateTable A-14 Setuid File Created Alert Properties Setuid File Created156 Appendix a 157 Table A-15 Template Properties Creation of World-Writable File Template158 World-Writable File Created Table A-16 World-writable File Created Alert Properties160 Appendix a 161 162 Modiﬁcation of Another User’s File Template Table A-17 Template PropertiesTable A-18 Non-owned File Being Modiﬁed Alert Properties Non-owned File Being Modiﬁed164 Appendix a 165 Limitations 166 Login/Logout Template Table A-19 Template Properties168 Login/Logout Table A-20 Login/Logout Alert PropertiesTable A-21 Successful su Detected Alert Properties Successful su Detected170 Appendix a 171 172 Table A-22 Template Properties Repeated Failed Logins TemplateTemplate How this template Table A-23 Failed Login Attempts Alert Properties Failed Login Attempts174 Appendix a 175 Table A-24 Template Properties Repeated Failed su Commands TemplateRepeated Failed su Attempts Table A-25 Repeated Failed Su Attempts Alert PropertiesAppendix a 177 Template Conﬁguration Syntax 178Appendix a 179 180 Automated Response 182 General Guidelines Response Methods184 Security checks How Automated Response Works in HP-UX HidsAlert Process Programming NotesTable B-1 Additional Arguments Passed to Response Programs 186Appendix B 187 Name Value Description Table B-3 Environment Variables Set for Response Programs188 Appendix B 189 Writing Privileged Response Programs Programming GuidelinesWriting Perl vs. Shell Response Scripts 190Code Examples Solution aCode for scriptA.sh Code for PrivB program Solution BCode for privA program 192Solution C Code for scriptC.sh script #!/usr/bin/sh Code for privC program194 Sample C Language Program Source Code Sample Response ProgramsSample Shell Script Alert Responses Forwarding Information 196Appendix B 197 Halting any further attacks 198Appendix B 199 Preservation of evidence 200Appendix B 201 Restoration of a known good state 202OVO Enablement in HP-UX Hids HP OpenView Operations Smart Plug-In204 Idsagent Command 206 Idsagent Command Synopsis OptionsExample 208Idsadmin Command 210 Idsadmin Command Synopsis Startup OptionsCommands 212Agent Conﬁguration File 214 Agent Conﬁguration File Forcing Active Agent to Reread Conﬁguration FileTable E-1 Global Conﬁguration Variables Name Default ValueGlobal Conﬁguration 216Table E-2 Data Source Process ConﬁgurationKernel Audit Data DSP DSP idskernDSP Parameters218 Table E-3 Remote Communication ConﬁgurationCorrelator Conﬁguration Variables 220 Messages 222 Agent Messages Idsagent failed to initialize conﬁguration module Idsagent failed to reopen stderr in append modeIdsagent internal error in handling signature groups Idsagent failed to start groupIdsagent unable to setup signal handler Idsagent unable to setup Sigchld signal handlerIdsagent unable to setup Sighup signal handler Idsagent unable to setup Sigsegv signal handlerIdsagent failed to create schedule path ﬁlename Idsagent error trying to shutdown a processIdsagent failed to allocate memory Idsagent failed to execute correlator corrIdsagent failed to initialize schedule Idsagent internal error no correlator in PMStartProcessesIdsagent internal error occurred in PMStopGroup Idsagent failed to initialize schedule in crontabIdsagent not enough disk space to save conﬁg ﬁle Idsagent not enough disk space to create scheduleIdsagent not enough disk space to parse schedule Idsagent out of process table spaceInternal error unknown state Internal errorUnable to open the response script directory dir System Manager Messages Invalid Host State Unable to disable host Exception while opening ﬁle filename File Save ErrorIncomplete or Invalid Entry Data Entry Error Invalid Property Value value Property Value ErrorSearchstring not found Find Error No more instances of searchstring found Find ErrorOnly one property may be edited at a time Selection Error Select Property to be edited Selection ErrorSelect Surveillance Schedule to copy Selection Error Select Surveillance Group Name to delete Selection ErrorSelect Surveillance Group to copy Selection Error Select Surveillance Schedule to delete Selection ErrorUnable to Overwrite filename File Save Error Surveillance Schedule not selected Schedule Selection ErrorFollowing hosts are in an invalid state for this command 234Unknown Host unable to resolve IP Address IPaddress Unknown IP Address unable to resolve Host Name236 Troubleshooting 238 Appendix G 239 Agent and System Manager cannot communicate with each other Troubleshooting240 Agent does not start on system boot $ /usr/sbin/kmtune -q enableiddsAgent host appears to hang and/or you see message disk full Agent needs further troubleshootingTo clean up the IDS message queues 242Alert date/time sort seems inconsistent Agent does not start after installationAgents appear to be stuck in polling status Alerts are not being displayed in the alert browserDuplicate alerts appear in System Manager Idsadmin needs installed agent certiﬁcatesBuffer overﬂow triggers false positives 244IDScheckInstall fails with a kmtune error IDSgenAdminKeys or idsgui quits earlyNo Agent Available Large ﬁles in /var/opt/idsLog ﬁles are ﬁlling up 246SSH does not perform a clean exit after idsgent is started Schedule Manager timetable screen appears to hangSystem Manager does not start after idsgui is started System Manager appears to hang248 Unknown program and arguments in certain alert messages Using HP-UX Hids with IPFilter and SecureShellIPFilter rules for HP-UX Hids How to allow the SecureShell daemon to forward X11 trafﬁc 250Appendix G 251 252 HP Software License Appendix H 253OpenSSL License 254Original SSLeay License Appendix H 255256 HP Software License Terms 258