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Promise Technology EX4650, EX8650, EX8654, EX8658 Chapter 7: Technology Background

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Chapter 7: Technology Background

• Introduction to RAID (below)

• Choosing a RAID Level (page232)

• Choosing Stripe Block Size (page 236)

• Choosing Sector Size (page236)

• Choosing Cache Policy (page237)

• Capacity Coercion (page238)

• Initialization (page239)

• Hot Spare Drive(s) (page 239)

• Partition and Format the Logical Drive (page240)

• RAID Level Migration (page 240)

• Media Patrol (page248)

• Predictive Data Migration (PDM) (page248)

• Transition (page249)

• Critical & Offline Logical Drives (page253)

Introduction to RAID

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) allows multiple physical drives to

be combined together in a disk array. Then all or a portion of the disk array is

formed into a logical drive. The operating system sees the logical drive as a

single storage device, and treats it as such.

The RAID software and controller manage all of the individual drives. The

benefits of a RAID can include:

• Higher data transfer rates for increased server performance

• Increased overall storage capacity for a single drive designation (such as, C,

D, E, etc.)

• Data redundancy/fault tolerance for ensuring continuous system operation in

the event of a hard drive failure

Different types of logical drives use different organizational models and have

varying benefits. Also see “Choosing a RAID Level” on page 232. The following

outline breaks down the properties for each type of RAID logical drive:

Contents

Main Copyright Trademarks Important data protection information Notice Recommendations Radio Frequency Interference Statement Page Contents Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Chapter 1: Introduction About This Manual Product Overview XOR Microprocessor Hot-Swapping WebPAM PRO Management Software Operating System Support Browser Support Key Features and Benefits Page Specifications Chapter 2: Installation Unpacking the SuperTrak Card Page Installing the SuperTrak Card Page Page Page + Connecting SuperTrak to a SuperSwap Enclosure Connecting SuperTrak to a VTrak JBOD Enclosure SAS Connections and ID Numbers Scenario 1: Virtual Enclosure SGPIO Scenario 2: Virtual Enclosure Host PC Scenario 3: External Enclosures Daisy Chain Scenario 4: External Enclosures Parallel Scenario 5: SAS Expanders Choosing the Physical Drives Creating a Logical Drive Page Page Page Page Installing the CLI Installing onto Windows Page Page Page Page Installing onto Linux Page Page Page Page Page Page Installing the CLI onto FreeBSD Installing the CLI onto VMware Installing WebPAM PRO Utility Server Agent Operating System Support JRE Internet Browser Browser Support Installing WebPAM PRO onto Windows Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Installing WebPAM PRO onto Linux Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Logging into WebPAM PRO Logging in at the Host PC Logging in over the Network Regular Connection Secure Connection Login Screen Setting up WebPAM PRO Page Chapter 3: Installing Drivers Driver Installation Media Windows Linux and FreeBSD Windows Server 2008 Page Windows Vista Page Windows Server 2003 Page Windows XP Page Red Hat Linux Enterprise 4.4, 4.5 Fedora Core 6 Fedora Core 7, 8 SuSE Open 10.2, 10.3, 10.5, 11 SuSE SLES 10, 10 SP1 Miracle Linux 4 FreeBSD 6.1, 6.2 Option 1. Device Node Exists Option 2. Device Node Does Not Exist Page VMware ESX Server 3.0.2, 3.5.0 mount /mnt/cdrom rpm -ivh /mnt/cdrom/VMupdates/RPMS/VMware-esx- drivers-scsi-stex-<driver version>-i386.rpm esxcfg-boot -rg esxcfg-boot -b Page Page Chapter 4: SuperBuild Utility SuperTrak BIOS Page Page Accessing the Main Menu Selecting a Controller Viewing Controller Information Managing Physical Drives Viewing Physical Drives Viewing Physical Drive Information Managing Physical Drive Problems Managing Disk Arrays Viewing Disk Arrays Viewing Disk Array Information Creating a Disk Array Changing Disk Array Settings Rebuilding a Disk Array Deleting a Disk Array Managing Logical Drives Viewing Logical Drives Viewing Logical Drive Information Creating a Logical Drive Initializing a Logical Drive Changing Logical Drive Settings Deleting a Logical Drive Page Managing Spare Drives Viewing Spare D rives Viewing Spare Drive Information Creating a Spare Drive Changing Spare Drive Settings Deleting a Spare Drive Viewing Background Activity Managing the Event Log Viewing RAM Events Viewing NVRAM Events Clearing the Event Logs Working with Time Sync Setting the Time Zone Synchronizing Time with an Embedded Site Using the Miscellaneous Menu Making the SAS Ready LED Setting Making the SGPIO Backplane Setting Working with the Buzzer Enabling or Disabling the Buzzer Page Chapter 5: Management with WebPAM PRO Logging into WebPAM PRO Logging in at the Host PC Logging in over the Network Regular Connection Secure Connection Page Accessing the Interface Using the Header Using Tree View Using Management View Choosing a Display Language Viewing the Event Frame Saving the Event Frame Deleting the Event Frame Viewing the Storage Network Logging out of WebPAM PRO Managing Users Viewing User Information Making User Settings Making Your Own User Settings Changing a Users Password Changing Your Own Password Creating a User List of User Privileges Deleting a User Page Working with Subsystem/Host Management Viewing Subsystem/Host Information Adding a Subsystem or Host In-Band versus Out-of-Band In-band connection Out-of-band connection Deleting a Subsystem or Host Setting User Privilege Managing Software Services Viewing Service Status Changing Web Server Settings Restarting the Tomcat Server Windows Linux Setting up Email Service Setting up Extended SMTP Sending A Test Email Message Setting Event Frame Refresh Time Changing CIM Client Settings Changing CIM Server Settings Managing the Host Viewing Host Information Setting User Rights Refreshing the WebPAM PRO Screen Managing the Subsystem Viewing Subsystem Information Clearing Statistical Data Setting an Alias for the Subsystem Updating the Firmware Checking Subsystem Health Viewing the Runtime Event Log Severity Definitions Saving the Runtime Event Log Clearing the Runtime Event Log Viewing the NVRAM Event Log Severity Definitions Saving the NVRAM Event Log Clearing the NVRAM Event Log Viewing Current Background Activities Making Background Activity Settings Running Background Activities Running Media Patrol Running PDM Viewing Scheduled Activities Scheduling an Activity Page Deleting a Scheduled Activity Viewing System Configuration Page Managing the Controller Viewing Controllers Information Viewing Controller Information Page Viewing Controller Statistics Making Controller Settings Clearing an Orphan Watermark Viewing Battery Information Silencing the Buzzer Making Buzzer Settings Testing the Buzzer Viewing Buzzer Information Managing Enclosures Viewing Enclosure Information Managing Physical Drives Viewing a List of Physical Drives Locating a Physical Drive Making Global Physical Drive Settings Viewing Physical Drive Information Adjustable Items Viewing Physical Drive Statistics Making Physical Drive Settings Clearing Stale and PFA Conditions Managing Disk Arrays Viewing Disk Arrays Locating a Disk Array Virtual or Third Party Enclosures Creating a Disk Array Creating a Disk Array Automatic Configuration Creating a Disk Array Express Configuration Page Creating a Disk Array Advanced Configuration Page Deleting a Disk Array Viewing Disk Array Information Disk Array Operational Status Physical Drive Status Making Disk Array Settings Creating a Logical Drive Deleting a Logical Drive Migrating a Disk Array Rebuilding a Disk Array Rebuilding Automatically Rebuilding Manually Running Media Patrol on a Disk Array Running PDM on a Disk Array Transitioning a Disk Array Preparing a Disk Array for Transport Page Managing Logical Drives Viewing Information for All Logical Drives Logical Drive Status Locating a Logical Drive Viewing Logical Drive Information Logical Drive Status Logical Drive Synchronization Adjustable Items Viewing Logical Drive Statistics Changing Logical Drive Settings Initializing a Logical Drive Running Redundancy Check Viewing the Logical Drive Check Table Page Managing Spare Drives Viewing a List of Spare Drives Creating a Spare Drive Deleting Spare Drive Making Spare Drive Settings Running Spare Check Working with the Logical Drive Summary Viewing a List of All Logical Drives Locating a Logical Drive Page Page Chapter 6: Management with the CLI Opening the CLI on Windows Page Table of Supported Commands Page Notes and Conventions List of Supported Commands about array Page Page Page battery bbm bga Page buzz checktable config Page ctrl Page Page date enclosure event export factorydefaults init logdrv migrate mp pdm phydrv Page Page ptiflash rc rb sc spare spath stats subsys sync topology transit Page Chapter 7: Technology Background Introduction to RAID RAID 0 Stripe RAID 1 Mirror RAID 1E Enhanced Mirror RAID 5 Block Striping with Distributed Parity RAID 6 Block and Double Parity Stripe RAID 10 Mirror / Stripe RAID 50 Striped Distributed Parity RAID 50 Axles Page RAID 60 Striping of Double Parity RAID 60 Axles Page Choosing a RAID Level RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 1E RAID 5 RAID 6 RAID 10 RAID 50 RAID 60 Choosing Stripe Block Size Choosing Sector Size 2 TB Limitation Choosing Cache Policy Read Cache Policy Write Cache Policy Capacity Coercion Initialization Hot Spare Drive(s) Partition and Format the Logical Drive RAID Level Migration RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 1E RAID 5 RAID 6 RAID 10 RAID 50 RAID 60 Ranges of Disk Array Expansion Delete and Recreate Media Patrol Predictive Data Migration (PDM) PDM Triggers Transition Drive Failure and Automatic Rebuild Page Automatic Transition Manual Transition Page Critical & Offline Logical Drives When a Physical Drive Fails Page With a Hot Spare Drive Without a Hot Spare Drive Rebuild Operation Page Chapter 8: Troubleshooting Problems Reported by SuperTrak Buzzer LEDs Global LED Display Direct LED Display BIOS Page Problems Reported in WebPAM PRO Open WebPAM PRO What to Look For Page Critical & Offline Logical Drives Finding the Failed Drive in SuperBuild Finding the Failed Drive in WebPAM PRO Salvaging Physical Drives Clearing Stale and PFA Conditions Rebuilding a Logical Drive Spare Drive Available No Spare Drive Available Manual Rebuild: SuperBuild Utility Manual Rebuild: WebPAM PRO Recovering from a Blank Screen Cache Battery Does Not Charge Chapter 9: Support Frequently Asked Questions Pre-Installation (Speed, Device Types, Capacity, Cabling) Drive Issues Installation Issues (Capacity, Booting) Post-Installation Contacting Technical Support Technical Support Services United States The Netherlands Germany Italy Taiwan China Limited Warranty Disclaimer of other warranties Your Responsibilities Returning the Product For Repair Page Page Appendix A: Partition and Format Page Page Page Appendix B: Upgrades Updating SuperTrak BIOS and Firmware Downloading BIOS and Firmware File Updating WebPAM PRO Downloading the WebPAM PRO Update File Installing the WebPAM PRO Update File Logging into WebPAM PRO Appendix C: Battery Backup Unit Installing the BBU Page Page Appendix D: LED Backplane Connections Schematic Diagrams Backplane SuperTrak Controller Card SuperTrak EX Series User Manual Backplane BackplaneSuperTrak Controller Card 292 Figure 2. SuperTrak fault and activity LED connections LED activity = Low For LED status and behavior information, see the tables on the following pages. Direct LED Display Aggregate LED Display Global LED Display Index