Appendix A: Trip Curves & Equations
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| Over/Undervoltage Coefficients |
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| Curve Type |
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| A1 |
| B1 |
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| N1 | tr | |||
| Inverse |
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| 0.51 |
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| 0.50 | |||
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| Mod. Inverse |
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| 0.51 |
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| 0.50 | |||||||
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| Very Inverse |
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| 0.51 |
| 1.75 |
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| 0.50 | |||||
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| The A, B, and N coefficients are for the standard relay formula |
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Table A.2 Under/Overvoltage Coefficients |
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| v | 1.5: |
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| AD |
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| For1.01 ≤ |
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| vp |
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| ⎛ | v |
| ⎞ | N |
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| ⎝ | ⎠ | – 1 |
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| vp |
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| ⎛ | v | : |
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| AD |
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| For⎜ |
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| ⎝ vp |
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| ( 1.5 ) | N | – | 1 | ⎠ | |||||
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| T = time to trip, in seconds |
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| v = measured input voltage |
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| vF= pickup value (tap setting) |
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| ⎛ | v | ⎞ |
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| ⎜ | ⎟ = multiple of pickup setting |
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| ⎝ v | p | ⎠ |
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| D = time dial setting, 0.1 to 9.9 in steps of 0.1 |
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| A, B, N = constants for inverse curves |
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Equation A.5 Overvoltage Equation
1000
(Seconds) | 100 |
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| TimeDial |
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10 |
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| 5.0 | |||
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| 9.9 | |
toTrip |
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Time |
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| 2.0 | |
1 |
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| 1.0 | |
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| 0.5 | |
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| 0.2 |
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| 0.1 | |
| 0.1 |
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| 1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 |
Multiples of Pickup
Figure A.11 Moderately Inverse Overvoltage Curve
1000
A
For 0.5 ≤ | T = | AD | + BD | ||||||
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| vp |
| ⎛ v |
| ⎞ | N |
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| ⎝ | ⎠ | – | 1 | ||
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| ⎞ | |
For⎜ | T = | AD |
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| ⎝ vp | ( 1.5 ) | N | – | 1 | ⎠ | |||
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T = time to trip, in seconds |
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v = measured input voltage |
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vF= pickup value (tap setting) |
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⎛ |
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⎜ | ⎟ = multiple of pickup setting |
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⎝ v | p | ⎠ |
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D = time dial setting, 0.1 to 9.9 in steps of 0.1 A, B, N = constants for inverse curves
Time Dial
9.9
5.0
2.0
1.0
0.5
0.2
0.1
100
(Seconds)
10 Tripto
Time
1
0.1
0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
Multiples of Pickup
Equation A.6 Undervoltage Equation | Figure A.12 Moderately Inverse Undervoltage Curve |
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Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | 57 |