Chapter 2 Alarm Troubleshooting

2.5.4 Alarm Hierarchy

•Not Reported (NR) conditions occur as a secondary result of another event. For example, the alarm indication signal (AIS), with severity NR, is inserted by a downstream node when an LOS (CR or MJ) alarm occurs upstream. These conditions do not in themselves require troubleshooting, but usually accompany primary alarms.

Severities can be customized for an entire network or for single nodes, from the network level down to the port level, by changing or downloading customized alarm profiles. These custom severities are subject to the standard severity-demoting rules given in Telcordia GR-474-CORE and shown in the

2.5.4Alarm Hierarchy section. Procedures for customizing alarm severities are located in the “Manage Alarms” chapter in the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Procedure Guide.

2.5.4Alarm Hierarchy

All alarm, condition, and unreported event severities listed in this manual are default profile settings. However in situations when traffic is not lost, such as when the alarm occurs on protected ports or circuits, alarms having Critical (CR) or Major (MJ) default severities can be demoted to lower severities such as Minor (MN) or Non-Service-Affecting (NSA) as defined in Telcordia GR-474-CORE.

A path alarm can be demoted if a higher-ranking alarm is raised for the same object. For example, If a path trace identifier mismatch (TIM-P) is raised on a circuit path and then a loss of pointer on the path (LOP-P) is raised on the path, the LOP-P alarm stands and the TIM-P closes. The path alarm hierarchy used in the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA systems is shown in Table 2-9.

Table 2-9

Path Alarm Hierarchy

 

 

 

Priority

 

Condition Type

 

 

 

Highest

 

AIS-P

 

 

 

—

 

LOP-P

 

 

 

—

 

UNEQ-P

 

 

 

Lowest

 

TIM-P

 

 

 

Facility (port) alarms also follow a hierarchy; lower-ranking alarms are closed by higher-ranking alarms. The facility alarm hierarchy used in the systems is shown in Table 2-10.

Table 2-10

Facility Alarm Hierarchy

 

 

 

 

Priority

 

Condition Type

 

 

 

 

Highest

 

LOS

 

 

 

 

—

 

LOF

 

 

 

 

—

 

AIS-L

 

 

 

 

—

 

SF-L

 

 

 

 

—

 

SD-L

 

 

 

 

—

 

RFI-L

 

 

 

 

—

 

TIM-S

 

 

 

 

—

 

AIS-P

 

 

 

 

—

 

LOP-P

 

 

 

 

—

 

SF-P

 

 

 

 

 

Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Troubleshooting Guide, R7.0

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Cisco Systems ONS 15310-MA, ONS 15310-CL manual Alarm Hierarchy, Los, Lof
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ONS 15310-CL, ONS 15310-MA specifications

Cisco Systems has long been a leader in networking and telecommunications technology, and among its impressive lineup of products, the Cisco ONS 15310 series stands out as an essential solution for optical networking. This series includes models such as the ONS 15310-MA, ONS 15310-CL, and ONS 15310-CA, each designed to meet the diverse needs of service providers and enterprises seeking to enhance their optical transport networks.

The Cisco ONS 15310-MA is an advanced multi-service platform designed for metropolitan area networks. It facilitates the seamless transport of data, voice, and video over optical networks. One of its main features is its ability to support a variety of interfaces, including Ethernet, SONET/SDH, and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), allowing users to integrate multiple services into a single platform. Additionally, the ONS 15310-MA supports advanced traffic management and Quality of Service (QoS) features to prioritize critical applications and ensure consistent performance.

The ONS 15310-CL variant is tailored for more specific applications, providing enhanced capabilities aimed at delivering carrier-grade services. It features a robust architecture that accommodates high-capacity traffic without compromising reliability. This model emphasizes low power consumption and a compact design, making it suitable for deployment in space-constrained environments. The ONS 15310-CL also supports a wide range of optical interfaces, making it highly flexible for various network configurations.

In terms of technologies, the Cisco ONS 15310 series leverages Optical Transport Network (OTN) capabilities, providing high efficiency and greater bandwidth utilization. OTN technology enables efficient error correction and adds resilience to the network through its built-in protection mechanisms. Furthermore, the series supports seamless integration with existing IP/MPLS networks, creating a cohesive infrastructure as organizations evolve their networking requirements.

One of the defining characteristics of the ONS 15310 series is its focus on scalability. Network operators can start with a modest deployment and gradually expand capacity as demand grows. This adaptability is complemented by Cisco's comprehensive management and monitoring tools, providing operators with real-time insights into network performance and facilitating proactive management.

In conclusion, the Cisco ONS 15310-MA and ONS 15310-CL models represent sophisticated solutions for modern optical networks. With their versatile features, advanced technologies, and robust design, they empower service providers and enterprises to build resilient, high-capacity networks that meet the demands of today’s data-driven world.
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