Chapter 2 Alarm Troubleshooting

2.5.4 Alarm Hierarchy

Table 2-10

Facility Alarm Hierarchy (continued)

 

 

 

Priority

 

Condition Type

 

 

 

 

SD-P

 

 

 

 

UNEQ-P

 

 

 

 

TIM-P

 

 

 

Lowest

 

PLM-P

 

 

 

Near-end failures and far-end failures follow different hierarchies. Near-end failures stand according to whether they are for the entire signal (LOS, loss of frame alignment [LOF]), facility (AIS-L), path (AIS-P, etc.) or VT (AIS-V, etc.). The full hierarchy for near-end failures is shown in Table 2-11. This table is taken from Telcordia GR-253-CORE.

Table 2-11

Near-End Alarm Hierarchy

 

 

 

Priority

 

Condition Type

 

 

 

Highest

 

LOS

 

 

 

 

LOF

 

 

 

 

AIS-L

 

 

 

 

AIS-P1

 

LOP-P2

 

UNEQ-P

 

 

 

 

TIM-P

 

 

 

 

PLM-P

 

 

 

 

AIS-V1

 

LOP-V2

 

UNEQ-V

 

 

 

 

PLM-V

 

 

 

Lowest

 

DS-N AIS (if reported for

 

 

outgoing DS-N signals)

 

 

 

1.Although it is not defined as a defect or failure, all-ones STS pointer relay is also higher priority than LOP-P. Similarly, all-ones VT pointer relay is higher priority than LOP-V.

2.LOP-P is also higher priority than the far-end failure RFI-P, which does not affect the detection of any near-end failures. Similarly, LOP-V is higher priority than RFI-V.

The far-end failure alarm hierarchy is shown in Table 2-12, as given in Telcordia GR-253-CORE.

Table 2-12 Far-End Alarm Hierarchy

Priority

Highest

Lowest

Condition Type

RFI-L

RFI-P

RFI-V

Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Troubleshooting Guide, R7.0

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Cisco Systems ONS 15310-CL, ONS 15310-MA manual Lowest DS-N AIS if reported for Outgoing DS-N signals, Rfi-L Rfi-P Rfi-V

ONS 15310-CL, ONS 15310-MA specifications

Cisco Systems has long been a leader in networking and telecommunications technology, and among its impressive lineup of products, the Cisco ONS 15310 series stands out as an essential solution for optical networking. This series includes models such as the ONS 15310-MA, ONS 15310-CL, and ONS 15310-CA, each designed to meet the diverse needs of service providers and enterprises seeking to enhance their optical transport networks.

The Cisco ONS 15310-MA is an advanced multi-service platform designed for metropolitan area networks. It facilitates the seamless transport of data, voice, and video over optical networks. One of its main features is its ability to support a variety of interfaces, including Ethernet, SONET/SDH, and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), allowing users to integrate multiple services into a single platform. Additionally, the ONS 15310-MA supports advanced traffic management and Quality of Service (QoS) features to prioritize critical applications and ensure consistent performance.

The ONS 15310-CL variant is tailored for more specific applications, providing enhanced capabilities aimed at delivering carrier-grade services. It features a robust architecture that accommodates high-capacity traffic without compromising reliability. This model emphasizes low power consumption and a compact design, making it suitable for deployment in space-constrained environments. The ONS 15310-CL also supports a wide range of optical interfaces, making it highly flexible for various network configurations.

In terms of technologies, the Cisco ONS 15310 series leverages Optical Transport Network (OTN) capabilities, providing high efficiency and greater bandwidth utilization. OTN technology enables efficient error correction and adds resilience to the network through its built-in protection mechanisms. Furthermore, the series supports seamless integration with existing IP/MPLS networks, creating a cohesive infrastructure as organizations evolve their networking requirements.

One of the defining characteristics of the ONS 15310 series is its focus on scalability. Network operators can start with a modest deployment and gradually expand capacity as demand grows. This adaptability is complemented by Cisco's comprehensive management and monitoring tools, providing operators with real-time insights into network performance and facilitating proactive management.

In conclusion, the Cisco ONS 15310-MA and ONS 15310-CL models represent sophisticated solutions for modern optical networks. With their versatile features, advanced technologies, and robust design, they empower service providers and enterprises to build resilient, high-capacity networks that meet the demands of today’s data-driven world.