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Appendix A: Glossary

WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy. A protocol that is part of the IEEE 802.11 suite of protocols for wireless LANs. Its purpose is to provide security equivalent to an unsecured wired LAN. It has been superseded by WPA and IEEE 802.11i. For more information, see IEEE 802.11 at http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/

802.11.html.

Windows The desktop and server operating system developed by Microsoft. The ver- sions of Windows that are supported by the NAC 800 are Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional and Home, Windows Server 2000 and 2003, and Windows NT.

Wireless Edge A ProCurve product that is used to manage wireless LANs. The module, which Services Module is installed in a switch, controls multiple RPs (coordinated APs).

WMI Windows Management Instrumentation. A set of extensions to the Windows Driver Model that is Microsoft’s implementation of the Web-Based Enterprise Management and Common Information Model standards.

worm A computer worm is a self-replicating computer program similar to a com- puter virus. While a virus attaches itself to and becomes part of another executable program, a worm is self-contained and does not need to be part of another program to propagate. Worms often exploit file transmission capabil- ities found on many computers, using networks to send copies of themselves to other systems without any intervention. In general, worms harm the net- work and consume bandwidth, whereas viruses infect or corrupt files on a targeted computer. Viruses generally do not affect network performance, because their malicious activities are mostly confined within the target com- puter itself.

WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access. A standard created by IEEE and the Wi-Fi Alliance to address the security weaknesses in WEP. For more information, see the Wi-Fi Alliance white paper at http://www.wi-fi.org/white_papers/whitepaper-

042903-wpa.

WPA-PSKWPA using a Preshared Key. PSK refers to a key that is shared between two stations before it needs to be used, such as over a secured channel or non- electronically (the end-user is told the correct key).

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Contents

ProCurve Solutions Page ProCurve Access Control Security Applicable ProCurve Products Contents Customer Needs Assessment Evaluate the Existing Network Environment Designing Access Controls Endpoint Capabilities and Administrative Control Page Appendix a Glossary Index Page Page Page Access Control Concepts Contents Access Control Concepts Introduction to Access Control Network Access Control Access Control Concepts Network Access Control Technologies AAA Authentication Authorization T e Accounting NAS ID Network Access Control Architecture EndpointPolicy Enforcement Point PEP Policy Decision Point PDP Access Control Concepts Policy Repository Network Access Control Process Network Access Control Architecture Authentication-Based Network Access Control Methods MAC-Auth Introduce security vulnerablities MAC-Auth Process Web-Auth Web-Auth Process 802.1X 802.1X Process Authentication Protocols Authentication RequirementsMAC-Auth-None PAP MS-CHAPv2 EAP Access Control Concepts Access Control Concepts Radius NAS ID Wireless Authentication 802.11T e Static Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP Dynamic WEP WPA/WPA2 Access Control Rights-Dynamic Settings VLANs Devices ACLs Endpoint Integrity Endpoint Integrity Policies Software Pre-connect and Post-connect TestingSecurity Settings Operating System Testing Methods Access Control Concepts Endpoint Requirements for Integrity Checking WMI Endpoint Integrity Posture Quarantine Methods User’s assignment and places him or her in a quarantine Vlan T e NAC 800 as an Endpoint Integrity Only Solution ProCurve NAC 802.1X Deployment Process for 802.1X Quarantining Endpoint Integrity Only. With each other Dhcp Deployment T e IP address = 192.168.8.1/24 IP address = 192.168.9.1/24 Inline Deployment Method NAC 800 as a RADIUS-Only Solution Solution NAC 800 as Both a Radius Server and an Endpoint Integrity Access Control Concepts User Authenticates and Is Placed in the Test Vlan Access Control Concepts User Re-authenticates and Is Placed in the Appropriate Vlan ProCurve IDM Wlan IAS, and the IDM agent on the same Windows Server Radius Process with IDM Customer Needs Assessment Customer Needs Assessment Overview Customer Needs Assessment Types of Users Employees Temporary Employees Guests Network Skills Recording Information about Users Network Users Wired Connections Wireless ConnectionsTypes of Connections Group Permitted Connections Access Times Network Resources Remote ConnectionsRecording the Types of Connections Available to Users Access Control Zones Wireless and Wired Zones Access Control Zones Customer Needs Assessment Determine Risk Tolerance Regulations Federal Information Security Management Act Regulatory Compliance Quantify Your Company’s Risk Tolerance External Attacks Vulnerability to AttacksAttack Vectors Internal Attacks Types of Attacks Malware Viruses and Worms Customer Needs Assessment Customer Needs Assessment Evaluate the Existing Network Environment SizeEdge Devices Port Mirroring Recording Information about Network SwitchesSwitch Vendor Firmware Location Model Number Version Supported Monitoring Spanning AP as a Supplicant Endpoints Workstations and LaptopsRecording Information about APs Customer Needs Assessment Laptop or Quantity User Operating Applications Other EndpointsRecording Information about Workstations and Laptops Workstation System Network Directory Service Radius ServersRecording Information about Other Endpoints Subnets and VLANs Routing InformationDchp Servers Network Diagram Sample Network Diagram Determine Your Endpoint Integrity Requirements Browser Security Policy-Windows Customer Needs Assessment Select Security Settings for Your Company Default Settings for Internet Explorer ZonesZone Default Setting Security Settings-OS Security Settings-WindowsOperating System-Windows Software-Windows Human Factor Control over Network Resources IT Department Workload Users’ Cooperation Customer Needs Assessment Customer Needs Assessment Designing Access Controls Endpoint Capabilities and Administrative Control Designing Access Controls Select an EAP Method for 802.1X 106 Comprehensive Security Policy Components Designing Access Controls Process of Designing Access Control Security Example Network Diagram of the PCU Campus Designing Access Controls PCU Campus Zones Network Infrastructure Divided into Access Zones Choose the Access Control Methods Advantages and Disadvantages of Access Control Methods Endpoints that access HighHigh effort to Network Access Zones Security Security Concerns by ZoneSecurity Zone Private Public Wired Zone Security Concerns Wireless Zone Security Concerns WEP Wireless Security WPA/WPA2 Tkip CCMP-AES Web-Auth None by default Do your endpoints have 802.1X supplicants? Vulnerability and Risk Tolerance User Type and Sophistication Selecting an Access Control Method Based on Security NeededTechnical Knowledge Characteristics Example Access Control Method by User Sophistication Level MAC-Auth Web-Auth 802.1X Administrative Workload Access Control Method by User Type and Sophistication Access Control Method by Administrative Workload Endpoint Compatibility of Access Control Methods 10. Configuration of PCU’s Endpoints Hardware Type of Interface Operating System Administrative Control over Endpoints 11. Access Control Method by Endpoint Capabilities 12. Administrative Control Levels 13. Access Control Method by Administrative Control LevelDescription 14. Authentication Method by Administrative Control Switch Series MAC-Auth Web-Auth 802.1XNetwork Infrastructure Devices New capabilities for these wireless products 17. Access Control Method by Existing InfrastructureProCurve Product Software Version MAC-Auth Web-Auth 802.1X Network Infrastructure Devices as 802.1X Supplicants ProCurve Switches 802.1X Supplicant Bringing All of the Factors Together 19. Access Control Methods by Feasibility Them 20. Preliminary Decisions for the Access Control Method Factor Weight Private Wired Public Wired 21. Preliminary Decisions for the Access Control Method Make Decisions about Remote Access VPN 22. Access Control Methods for Each ZoneZone Access Control Method Decide Whether to Grant Remote Access 23. Disadvantages of Remote AccessDisadvantages Mitigating Factors 24. Advantages of Remote Access Select VPN OptionsAdvantages Explanation 25. Options for VPN Protocols Vulnerability and Risk Assessment DSA 26. Selecting VPN Options Based on Security Needs They have? Router or firewall Administrative Workload and IT Budget Designing Access Controls 29. Endpoint Compatibility for Remote Access Native Capabilities With VPN Client Existing Network Infrastructure 30. Selecting VPN Options Based on Endpoint Bringing All Factors Together 32. Preliminary Decisions for VPN Options 33. PCU’s Preliminary Decisions for VPN Options Access Control Method Choose the Endpoint Integrity Deployment Method MAC-Auth 35. Deployment Method by Access Control Method Vulnerability to Risks and Risk Tolerance Designing Access Controls 36. Security Level of Deployment Methods Factor Private Wired Public WiredPublic Wireless Remote 37. Deployment Method by Security Wireless Connection Type38. Deployment Method by Existing Network Infrastructure Wireless Connection type Inline Bringing the Factors Together39. Deployment Method by Connection Type Factor Weight Private Wired Public Wired Remote Wireless 42. Deployment Method by ZoneZone Deployment Method Choose Endpoint Integrity Testing Methods 43. Summary of Testing MethodsTesting Method Advantages Disadvantages Requirements for Testing Methods NAC EI Agent InstallShield Wizard for the NAC EI Agent Advantages and Disadvantages of NAC Agent Testing Requirements for ActiveX TestingActiveX Advantages and Disadvantages of ActiveX Testing Agentless Deciding Which Testing Methods to Enable Requirements for Agentless TestingAdvantages and Disadvantages of Agentless Testing Transparent Testing Designing Access Controls Testing with User Interaction Testing methods Designing Access Controls Factors to Consider for Testing Methods Administrative Control over Endpoints Factor Public Wired Private Wired 44. Testing Method by Control over Endpoints45. Testing Method by Administrative Control Private Wireless Remote Post-Connect Testing 46. Testing Methods by Post-Connect Testing 47. Testing Method by Post-Connect Testing User Sophistication 48. Testing Method by User Sophistication 49. Testing Methods for User SophisticationPrivate Remote Wireless Administrative Workload 50. Testing Methods by Administrative WorkloadAgentless ActiveX NAC IE Agent 51. Testing Methods for Administrative Workload Network Overhead Factor Public Wired 52. Testing Method by Network Overhead53. Preliminary Decisions for Testing Methods Bringing All of the Factors Together 54. Preliminary Decisions for Testing Method Network Authentication Architecture Choose Radius Servers Radius Servers in a Network Without Endpoint Integrity Choose Which Devices Will Play the Role of PDP 57. Integrated Server/Proxy Combination 55. General Combination56. Integrated Server Combination 58. Turnkey Server PEPs with Built-in PDPs 60. Fully Integrated Combination61. Alternate Integrated Server/Proxy Combination PEPs with Built-in PDPs and Policy/Credential Repositories Users Combination Wired Per LAN Wireless Per LAN Total WAN Most Scalable 64. Scalability of Access Control Component Combinations65. Access Control Component Combinations Least Scalable Choose an Access Control Architecture Designing Access Controls 67. Radius Server Locations Centralizing Policies 68. Radius Server Locations Eliminating Inter-Site Traffic 69. Radius Server Locations Reducing Inter-Site Traffic Determine the Number of Radius Servers 70. Radius Server Locations for PCU Choose Your Radius Servers and Finalize the Plan Radius Server Decision Tree Designing Access Controls IAS as the Radius Server Does your organization already use IAS for other functions? NAC 800 as the Radius Server 71. General Combination for the NAC 72. Integrated Server/Proxy for the NAC73. Turnkey Server Combination for the NAC Wireless Edge Services Module Database Designing Access Controls Add ProCurve IDM IDM OverviewDetermine If You Need IDM Design Parameters for a Network with IDM Create Access Policy Groups Add Users 10. EAP Method Decision Flowchart Select an EAP Method for Designing Access Controls 75. EAP Methods Supported by 802.1X Supplicants Supplicant 76. EAP Methods Supported by Radius Servers EAP-TNC EAP-LEAP NotServer Designing Access Controls 77. Final Security Policy by Zone Finalize Security PoliciesUser Groups and Policies 78. Example Security Policy by Zone Access Group Policies with IDM Access Profiles 79. Access ProfilesAccess Profile 80. Dynamic VLANs 81. Dynamic VLANs for PCU Resource Vlan ID Subnet Address 82. Resources by Entire Vlan83. Resources Resource IP Address Protocol 84. PCU Resources by Vlan 85. PCU Resources 86. Resources Allowed in Access Profiles Access Profile Resources 87. Resources Allowed in PCU Access Profiles Access Profile Resource Faculty Web servers, white pages Library catalog and printer 88. Resources Allowed in Access Profiles Resources Rate Limit QoS Access Policy Inputs Group Location Time System 89. Access Policy Group Rules90. Sample Access Policy Group Rules for PCU Outputs-Access Profile Access Policies without IDM 91. Radius Attributes in Access Requests Attribute Explanation Value for My Policy 92. Authentication Protocols for My Policies 93. Dynamic Settings for My PoliciesAttribute Policy 1-Setting Policy 2-Setting Create the NAC Policies Design NAC Policy Groups Design NAC Policies 94. Tests for Minimal Endpoint Integrity 95. Tests for Minimal Endpoint Integrity 96. Tests for Medium Endpoint Integrity Anti-Virus Anti-Spyware Personal Firewalls Mac Firewall 97. Web Browser Tests Test Settings Mozilla Firefox Browser? Enter the required versions in Table Microsoft Excel Microsoft Outlook 98. Macro Security Tests99. Other Tests for Hotfixes Windows Media Mac QuickTime IIS 100. Windows Automatic Updates 101. Tests for ApplicationsOptions Your selection 104. Tests on Mac Airport 102. Tests for Services103. Tests for Shared Connections Windows Bridge Network Connection Mac Internet Sharing Specified as allowed Lay Out the Network Core Resources105. Test for Windows Startup Registry Entries T e Access Zones for Endpoints Public Wired Zone Vlan Assignment and Other Dynamic Settings. You can set up 106. Public Wired Zone Policies 133 Public Wireless Zone 108. Public Wireless Zone Policies Designing Access Controls 109. Capabilities of ProCurve Wireless Products Product Software Version Radios Modes WLANs Software Authentication EAP Method forVersion Methods 802.1X 111. PoE Requirements on ProCurve RPs and APs 112. ProCurve Products That Support PoE Lay Out the Network Private Wired Zone 113. Private Wired Zone Policies Might otherwise be ignored Private Wireless Zone 115. Private Wireless Zone PoliciesMS-CHAPv2 Remote Zone Designing Access Controls Tunnels Module VPN Protocol Maximum EncryptionNumber 3DES Overlapping Zones Combining Access Control Zone DesignsAdjacent Zones 117. VPN Capabilities of the ProCurve VPN Client Designing Adjacent and Overlapping Zones Adding Access Control to an Existing Network Integrating all Parts of the Network Design Migrating from One Solution to Another 150 Services and Support ProCurve Elite Partners Implementation Other Resources Elements of Each Access Control Solution Elements Solution Other Resources Appendix a Glossary Numeric See also Dhcp deployment method and inline deployment method Access point See AP Appendix a Glossary Agent See NAC EI agent Appendix a Glossary Appendix a Glossary Appendix a Glossary Digital certificate See certificate EI See endpoint integrity Extensible See EAP Authentication Protocol GTC See EAP-GTC Enforcement See ES. server Inline quarantine method Appendix a Glossary Lightweight See LDAP. directory access Protocol Management See MS. serverMirroring, remote See remote mirroring Appendix a Glossary Appendix a Glossary Peer-to-peer Permanent agentPoE Posture See integrity posture Pre-shared key See PSKPublic key See PKI. infrastructure Radio port See RP Remote procedure See RPC. call Appendix a Glossary Appendix a Glossary Appendix a Glossary Appendix a Glossary Html Appendix a Glossary Appendix a Glossary Index See DNS EAP … 1-21, 1-25, 1-53 EAP GTC … See Imsi OS-X See SOX security policies TLS See WEP Contents Contents Overview ProCurve Access Control Solution Enhancements to the ProCurve Access Control Solution Deep Check Testing ProCurve NACSMB Signing Post-Connect NAC Testing Integration with Microsoft SMSSupport for Rdac Dhcp Plug-in Deployment Identity Driven Manager Better synchronization with Microsoft Active Directory ProCurve Access Control Solution Microsoft NAP NAP Components NAP client NAP enforcement point Health requirement servers Active Directory domain serviceNAP health policy server NPS Restricted network System Health Agents SHAs NAP Client ArchitectureNAP Enforcement Clients ECs NAP Agent NAP Server Architecture Figure A-4. Client-Side NAP Architecture NAP Enforcement Point Table A-2. NAP ECs and Corresponding NAP Enforcement PointsNAP Enforcement Point Network Access Methods Health Requirement ServersIPsec Figure A-5. IPsec-Protected and Unprotected Communications Figure A-6. HRA Network Access Dhcp VPN Access 802.1X Authentication Figure A-9. Ieee 802.1X Network Access Remediation and Health Requirement Servers Updating the Access Control Design Process Choose the Endpoint Integrity Solution Existing Network Environment Vulnerability to Risks and Risk Tolerance Existing Network Environment Option Management Resources Risk Tolerance Interoperability Requirements Factor Weight Selection Bringing the Factors TogetherInteroperability Option Requirements Choose the Endpoint Integrity Deployment Method Updating the Access Control Design Process Updating the Access Control Design Process