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HP Process Resource Manager (PRM) Manual
154 pages 2.04 Mb
1 Version C.03.053 Contents4 3 PRM configuration planning4 Setting up PRM 5 Using PRM with HP System Management Homepage (SMH) 5 8 Fine-tuningyour PRM configuration6 Disabling PRMResetting PRM Monitoring PRM groups Logging PRM memory messages Logging PRM application messages Displaying user information Displaying past process information Monitoring PRM with GlancePlus Automating PRM administration with scripts Reconstructing a configuration file prmanalyze 8 Preface11 1 Overview12 Memorymemory. There are two types of memory records: Private Specifies a minimum amount of private memory. Optionally specifies a cap on memory use as well as memory isolation (so that memory cannot be loaned out or borrowed from other groups) Shared Specifies a minimum amount of memory in megabytes for use as shared memory for the processes in that PRM group memory allocation group in which the application should run. Optionally, it specifies alternate and rename them.) User Specifies a user or a collection of users (through a netgroup) and assigns the groups. A user or netgroup member then has permissions to use these PRM groups with the prmmove and prmrun commands Unix group Maps existing Unix groups to PRM groups Compartment Maps existing secure compartments to PRM groups. (Use the optional HP-UX You can also create compartment configurations using a PRM utility such as srpgen or prm2scomp.) For more detailed information on records, see the prmconf(4) manpage “Command reference” (page 101) PRM’s read-onlySNMP agent Allows you to analyze resource usage and contention to help plan PRM configurations Displays estimated resource availability to help plan PRM configurations Configures, enables, disables, and resets PRM. Also, validates PRM these tasks using the PRM graphical interface in HP System Management Homepage (SMH) or HP Systems Insight Manager (SIM) Manager (SIM) prmloadconf Creates a PRM configuration file or updates an existing configuration file Monitors current PRM configuration and resource usage by PRM group Moves processes or groups of processes to another PRM group prmrecover Cleans up processes after abnormal memory manager termination 14 Balancing resource use between users15 Prioritizing resource use between usersPrioritizing resource use for applications 16 Limiting resource consumptionIsolating resource use for applications and users 17 2 Understanding how PRM manages resources37 3 PRM configuration planning38 •Group B: 50 CPU shares, 50 memory shares•Group C: 50 CPU shares, 50 memory shares •Group A: Core 1, 50 memory shares •Group B: Core 2, 50 memory shares •Group C: Core 3, 50 memory shares Application priority model configurations •The sales department with five users running: ◦Order process application ◦Word processing and miscellaneous tasks ◦Mail application •The planning department with three users running: ◦Inventory application •The development department with two users running: ◦CAD design tool ◦Debugging tools ◦Compilers 40 Quick analysisCreate a PRM configuration file with a group for each Assign all users to the user default group A resulting configuration might be: •User default group: 60 CPU shares, 70 memory shares •Order processing group: 40 CPU shares, 30 memory shares •Order processing group: Core 1, 2, 3, 4; 30 memory shares 41 Detailed analysis1.Collect resource data •The length of time that each group consumes these resources •The amount of total resources consumed over time •The amount of resources that are being used by each group •The length of time that a potential conflict exists •Each group’s proportion of CPU or memory resources at 100% load •If consuming groups are getting enough resource during times of 100% load 2.Set up a preliminary configuration •The PRM groups you need to match your configuration model •The initial and alternate PRM groups users need access to 3.Determine the resource allocations To decide on the final resource allocation for your PRM groups: 2.Separate out the highest level user groups Determine which user groups could demand lots of CPU and memory 42 #prmanalyze -scommand -rcpu -p -tsummary -1filename|sort -r+543 #prmanalyze -suid -rcpu -xroot -p -tsummary -1filename|sort -r+5#prmanalyze -scommand -rmem -p -tsummary -1filename 45 4 Setting up PRM46 5 Using PRM with HP System Management Homepage (SMH)48 6 Using PRM with HP Systems Insight Manager (SIM)51 7 Configuring and enabling PRM on the command line52 6.Enable PRM:#prmconfig -e The PRM configuration file The PRM configuration file contains the following record types: •Group/CPU •Memory •Application •User •Compartment •Unix group 53 PRM automatically assigns system processes to the groupThe user default group •Nonroot users cannot have access to the system group PRM_SYS (PRMID 0) The generic configuration file contains: A PRM group/CPU record for the user default group Configuration tips and requirements When altering a PRM configuration, keep in mind: 54 Reserved PRM groups55 Group/CPU record syntax56 explicitly.) PSET PRM group PRMIDs are assigned by PRM and are not specifiedin the group record HIER you cannot use PRMID 0 for a child group. You can, however, use PRMID 1 for a child group PSET Indicates the PRM group is a PSET PRM group. In this case, SHARES is not used Instead, use the CORES and CORE_LIST fields to specify the cores assigned to the PSET Do not modify the PSETs manually using the Do not adjust CPU counts in virtual partitions using the vparmodify icapmodify ppuconfig Do not perform online cell operations, using parolrad one to MAXINT An FSS PRM group’s resource percentage is determined by its number of shares shares is 100, each group’s shares represent the percent of CPU resources that the group receives When CPUCAPON mode is enabled, the percentages computed from the SHARES CPU capping using the MAX field discussed next determined by the group’s number of CPU shares to The sum of the max values in a configuration does not have to be 100% The percentage computed from the SHARES value, instead of the MAX value, is used as the group’s upper bound when CPUCAPON mode is enabled. This mode on this mode, see the prmconfig(1) manpage CORES Is the number of cores assigned to the PSET PRM group. (A core is the actual in CORE_LIST, if CORE_LIST is specified. If it is not specified, PRM chooses which cores to use. However, PRM does not guarantee to choose an optimal set of cores in the CORES field must match the number of cores listed in CORE_LIST 57 Adding/modifying PRM groups and CPU allocations58 Capping CPU resource useRemoving groups/CPU allocations 59 Memory record syntax60 A white paper, titled, on the web at http://h20338.www2.hp.com/hpux11i/downloads/5983-1676EN.pdf presents a case study of setting memory allocations for PRM groups Use the following syntax to specify a memory record: #!PRM_MEM Indicates the start of a memory record PRMID | GROUP Is a PRM group ID or group name that corresponds to an existing group When specifying parents in a group hierarchy, use their names Specifies the group’s guaranteed proportion of available memory. Shares are integer values ranging from one to MAXINT (Optional) Specifies a cap (upper bound) for memory consumption for any be greater than or equal to the percentage determined by the group’s number of memory shares. There is no requirement that the max values total 100% IMPORT, EXPORT enables the proportional overachievement feature.) Assign both fields a value of 0 to isolate a memory-criticalgroup to ensure it gets exactly the memory you give it You cannot set EXPORT to 0 for the OTHERS group Consider the following example memory records: The example shows: A memory record for PRMID 1 (group The parent group A memory record for the databases/inventory “Group/CPU record syntax” (page 55) A memory record for PRMID 3. We could have used the group’s name databases/order 61 A memory record for PRMID 6, which grants 20 memory shares. The memory isShared memory Use the following syntax to specify a shared memory record: #!SHARED_MEM Indicates the start of a shared memory record Is a PRM group ID or group name for a group that already has a private group in a PRM group hierarchy must have one Is the size of the desired shared memory allocation for the PRM group in megabytes. This value serves as a request for a minimum allocation as one Oracle SGA, per PRM group NOTE: If the PRM group uses a larger shared memory segment, it must borrow the difference. It attempts to borrow the difference from its private from the PRM_SYS group. You should avoid this borrowing, if possible, by MEGABYTES to 1.1 times that size can be 4KB, 8KB, 16KB, or 64KB. You must have at least 256 pages, so the minimum MEGABYTES values are 1, 2, 4, or 16 depending on the memory records and the megabyte value corresponding to the sum of the SHARES amounts for all memory records 62 Adding/modifying private memory shares/capsAdding/modifying shared memory allocations 63 Removing private memory sharesRemoving shared memory allocations 64 Isolating private memory for a group65 Duplicate application recordsMissing applications are ignored Application record syntax 66 appear in either the file /etc/shells or the file /opt/prm/shellsFor Java programs, the path of the Java being used—asdisplayed in ps output—mustappear in either /etc/shells or /opt/prm/shells. For an example see “Launching a Java program under PRM” (page 71) You can use wildcards ([, ], ?, and *) to specify the filename, but not the directory name. For more information on wildcards in application filenames see “Pattern matching for filenames” (page 32) NOTE: If a specified application does not exist, PRM generates a warning configuration file on multiple machines Is the name of the PRM group in which the application will run NOTE: If GROUP is in a hierarchy, it must be a leaf group (a group with no Consequently, TWO cannot be used in an application record ALT_NAME in scripts; the names of the scripts are considered alternate names -ef Consider the following example application records: 67 Adding/modifying an application’s group assignment68 Removing an application’s group assignment69 Launching an application under PRM70 Launching a script under PRM71 Launching a Java program under PRMUser record syntax 73 Adding/modifying a user’s group assignment74 Removing a user’s group assignment75 Compartment record syntax76 Adding/modifying a compartment’s group assignmentRemoving a compartment’s group assignment 77 Unix group record syntaxAdding/modifying a Unix group’s PRM group assignment 78 Removing a Unix group’s PRM group assignment79 Checking the configuration fileconfigfile Validation checks for: •Duplicate group names •Duplicate user names •Undefined groups in user access lists getpwnam The checks are made when you save or load a configuration file Loading the PRM configuration “HP-UX command/system call support” (page 116) 80 Loading the PRM configuration with prmconfig81 “Fine-tuningyour PRM configuration ” (page 83) Enabling resource managers with prmconfig Table 15 Enabling specific resource management on the command line 83 8 Fine-tuningyour PRM configuration84 The command to generate these reports: [LINEBREAK]prmanalyze -t{hourly |daily | weekly | monthly} •Conflict The command to generate this report: prmanalyze -tconflict ” (page 102) Example: Locating system bottlenecks #prmanalyze -rcpu -1 -thourly -sprmid myacct #prmanalyze -rmem -E -1 -thourly -sprmid myacct OTHERS 85 SalesExample: High-levelviews of usage #prmanalyze -tweekly -d16 *.acct98 Jan.acct99 Feb.acct99 Example: Checking for patterns and configuration accuracy #prmanalyze -sprmid -rcpu -p -tdaily -x0 filename 86 #prmanalyze -scommand -rcpu -tconflict -1 -d .4 -xmrkt_rsch -xfinancials87 PRM IDLoad the PRM configuration you want to analyze with -ie 3.Change your PRM configuration based on your review of the GlancePlus data 5.Repeat Step 2, Step 3, and Step 4 as needed For information on using GlancePlus, see the GlancePlus online help Here is a sample of the GlancePlus information on PRM Figure 12 GlancePlus information on PRM Load a PRM configuration with 2.Log PRM memory messages by entering: 88 #ps -ef| grep prm2d#tail -f /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log| grepPID_of_current_prm2d #prmconfig -LMEM STOP 89 9 Administering PRM90 Bapplications/bin/b*::::Bapplications To get a listing of these applications, enter the command: #prmlist -a netgroup For example, consider the following /etc/netgroup entries: even odd prime odd_PRM_group Five #prmlist 91 #prmlist -u+prime#prmconfig 92 For more information on prmconfig, see the section “prmconfig” (page 106)For more information on prmlist, see the section “prmlist ” (page 109) The default polling interval for the memory manager is 10 seconds Setting the interval with prmconfig interval_in_seconds #prmconfig -Iinterval_in_secondsMEM The default polling interval for the application manager is 30 seconds #prmconfig -Iinterval_in_secondsAPPL 93 Disabling PRM differs from resetting PRM in that:•PRM daemons remain running •Processes are tagged with the PRMIDs of their associated groups Disabling PRM with prmconfig Disable PRM manually by entering the following command: #prmconfig -d Reset PRM: •Before installing a new version of PRM •If PRM daemons crash or are killed •If memory locks or internal shared memory structures fail Resetting PRM differs from disabling PRM in that: •PRM daemons are stopped •Processes are no longer tagged with the PRMIDs of their associated groups Resetting PRM with prmconfig Reset and stop PRM manually by entering the following command: #prmconfig -r Sample prmmonitor output is shown below: 94 Controlling memory logging with prmconfig#prmconfig -LMEM Controlling application logging with prmconfig #prmconfig -LAPPL #prmconfig -LAPPL STOP 95 prmmonitor•Date •Time •Length of sample intervals •PRM state •Group names •PRMID •Percentages of CPU and memory resources assigned #prmmonitor 30 #id -P #prmavail MEM 96 #acctcom -P(page 102) (page 83) #ps -P #ps -l -P 97 #ps -ROTHERSYou can use HP’s optional performance and monitoring tool GlancePlus to: •Display PRM reports •Display resource use in real-time •Set alarms to report when resource use is excessive To track application metrics for your PRM groups: 1.Edit /var/opt/perf/parm log global application=prm process dev=disk,lvm transaction 2.Restart the agent With PRM running, execute the following command: %mwa restart scope 98 mwa restart scopecron To configure PRM on reboot, set PRM_CONFIG equal to one: PRM_CONFIG=1 PRM_CONFIG_FILE PRM_CONFIG_FILE=/etc/opt/prm/conf/dayconf.prm PRM_ENABLE PRM_ENABLE=1 The PRM_ENABLE variable can be set to one only when PRM_CONFIG is set to one PRM_SLEEP=n The PRM_SLEEP variable can be set only when PRM_CONFIG is set to one To enable PRM’s CPUCAPON mode, set the PRM_CAPPING variable equal to one: PRM_CAPPING=1 The PRM_CAPPING variable can be set to one only when PRM_ENABLE is set to one 99 PRM_INTL_APPLPRM_INTL_APPL=seconds PRM_INTL_MEM PRM_INTL_MEM=seconds PRM_LOG_APPL PRM_LOG_APPL=1 PRM_LOG_MEM PRM_LOG_MEM=1 To start PRM’s SNMP agent on reboot, set PRM_SNMPAGT to one: PRM_SNMPAGT=1 For more information on this agent, see Appendix C Table 16 shows when the various files are available Table 16 Internal copies of configuration files Backup copies of various files are available in /var/opt/prm 100 If you want to perform online cell operations, and:•Your PRM configuration contains memory records •Your PRM configuration uses PSETs [-f file For more information on online cell operations, see parolrad(1M) •/etc/prmconf The default PRM configuration file •/etc/opt/prm/conf •/opt/prm/conf A location previously suggested for additional PRM configurations •/etc/rc.config.d/prm Configuration file used by /sbin/init.d/prm •/etc/shells and /opt/prm/shells •/etc/cmpt/*.rules 101 A Command reference116 B HP-UXcommand/system call support117 C Monitoring PRM through SNMP126 D Creating Secure Resource Partitions127 E Using PRM with Serviceguard129 F Using PRM with HP Integrity Virtual Machines130 G PRM error messages134 again296Message Unable to change the polling interval of the %s manager: (HP-UXerror message) You are not running as root, the manager is no longer enabled, or an internal system failure running, see if using prmconfig -r resolves the problem. Be sure to load a configuration and enable the resource manager after resetting PRM. Also with prmconfig, the SMH interface, or the SIM interface. Take action based Interval must be an integer more than 0 and less than %d An invalid interval was specified Check prmconfig -I usage Check usage Unable to change logging status of the %s manager Manager is no longer enabled or an internal system failure Check that the manager is running. If it is running, see if using prmconfig -r resolves the problem. Be sure to load a configuration and enable the Command prmmove %s -uuser1 executed where user1 is a superuser This moves all root processes (except PID 0) to a group other than the PRM system group. This includes almost all of the system processes back to the PRM system group. Then move individual processes or process groups to the desired target group with the prmmovetargetgrp-pPID or [LINEBREAK]prmmove targetgrp-gprocess_group_PID syntax [LINEBREAK] syntax %s not a recognized user name The user name %s specified on the command line as an argument to the -u that is accessible by the C function getpwnam Check the spelling. If the spelling is correct, add the user to the appropriate password file Could not find access list for user %s Cannot find PRM user record for %s in internal configuration file and then could not find user default group (PRMID = 1) in file Ensure configuration file /etc/prmconf or the specified file contains the group -k or -i command to resync the internal configuration file Group name is too long The group name length is longer than allowed Check group name 136 Configure PRM with prmconfig -k or -i before executing prmmoveCould not find process %d Verify that indicated process ID is valid no action is possible Could not find process group %d Verify that indicated process group ID is valid ID, otherwise no action is possible Could not find internal configuration file %s Could not open internal configuration file %s for reading Make sure file exists and is readable. Reconfiguring PRM with prmconfig -k or -i recreates the internal file and resyncs it with /etc/prmconf or the specified configuration file 428Message %d is not a process group id Cause %d is not a valid process group ID; it is simply a process ID Re-execute prmmove command using the -p option Process id %s is invalid The argument %s is not a valid process ID number Re-execute prmmove command using a valid process ID number Process group id %s is invalid The argument %s is not a valid process group ID number Could not find configured application are: • Could not find the full path of the application specified on the command line • User’s PATH environment variable is empty • The application either does not exist, is empty, or is not executable • The assigned group does not exist • Unable to obtain work area (memory) needed for internal prmrun processing Take the appropriate action as indicated in the accompanying messages Not enough resources for internal processing Cannot find PRM user record for %s in internal configuration file, and then 137 User's PATH environment variable is emptyUser’s PATH environment variable is not set Add application’s directory to PATH environment variable and retry prmrun Could not launch application %s in group %s(perror) Exec of command %s failed for the reason indicated in message Application file %s does not exist The application file %s does not exist Make sure the file specified on the command line is an application and that it is in the correct directory Application file %s is empty The application file %s is empty Make sure the file is an application and replace it with a nonempty version Application file %s is not executable The application file is not executable or is not a regular file Make sure %s is executable and is a regular file Could not find application %s in the configuration file Could not find the application record in the configuration file Make sure the syntax of the application parameter is correct and that the application’s directory is in the user’s PATH environment variable If the application does not have a record in the configuration file, use prmrun -g targetgrp to start the application in the group targetgrp 613Message Application file %s:(HP-UXerror message)(perror) in the message Take action appropriate to resolve the cause indicated by the message file. Cause may be a corrupt PRM internal configuration file prmconfig -k or -i to resync internal configuration file Please specify application Missing application parameter on command line Supply application parameter and retry prmrun command Please use either -gor 142 illegal resource type %sThe specified resource is not valid Re-enterthe command using a valid type: disk, mem, or cpu illegal sort key %s The specified sort key is not valid Re-enterthe command using a valid sort key: uid, gid, command, or prmid illegal report type %s The requested report type is not valid Re-enterthe command using a valid report type: summary, conflict hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly , or key type ‘auto’ only allowed with report type ‘summary’ You tried to use the key type auto with a different report Use the key type auto with the report type summary only one density threshold argument (-d)allowed More than one -d option was specified Re-enterthe command specifying -d only once only one config file argument (-f)allowed More than one configuration file argument was used Check command syntax and re-entercommand using only one config file only one resource argument (-r)allowed The -r option was entered more than once Re-enterthe command using -r only once only one sort key argument (-s)allowed The -s option was entered more than once Re-enterthe command using -s only once only one report type argument (-t)allowed The -t option was entered more than once Re-enterthe command using -t only once unable to access file %s file resides do not allow access Check the directory permissions and filename unable to read file %s File permissions do not allow reading Change the file permissions unable to write to temp file There is no space available for writing the file Check the amount of disk space and remove files as possible unable to allocate space after %d %s 145 Glossary146 lockable memorymlock() plock() cannot be paged or swapped out Logical Volume A disk-managementtool used to partition physical disk drives Manager (LVM) memory cap An upper limit on a PRM group’s memory use memory isolation from, other groups memory manager capping of private memory when requested memory record memory or shared memory MRG Memory Resource Group NFS Network File System OTHERS group does not have a PRM user record in the PRM configuration file parent group Any PRM group in a hierarchy that has child groups PID Process ID polling interval (APPL) and the memory manager (MEM) POSIX real-time Hence, such a process is permitted to exceed its CPU shares PRM administrator PRM group group) or a PSET PRM group PRM group ID PRMID PRM_SYS group System processes are processes started by someone with UID PRMID system group. PRMID 1 (OTHERS) is reserved for the user default group process group ID process group init swapper advantage of job control process ID processor set proportional overachievement memory 147 real memoryreal user ID resource manager the CPU manager (CPU), and the memory manager (MEM) secure See compartment Secure Resource Partition resource allocation features of Security Containment and PRM Available starting with HP-UX11i v2 (B.11.23) shares it and its siblings’ number of shares entitlement PRM group when the total system use of these resources is at 100% sibling group distributed recursively to sets of sibling groups in a hierarchy system administrator user capabilities system group UID Refers to both real and effective user IDs user default group user record processes in user function getpwnam 148 Index150 defined, 145 introductionspecifying the number of shares, 54 CPU max creating the configuration file with prmloadconf, 51, 53 cron command disabling PRM prmconfig syntax displaying effective user ID, defined, 145 enabling PRM prmconfig syntax, 106 with prmconfig errors in the configuration file, 79 exec system call files /etc/prmconf (default configuration file) overview /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log determining memory use alternate configuration fine-tuningyour configuration with data from prmanalyze fork system call support for PRM graphing PRM SNMP data with xnmbrowser, 123 group alternate, 72 initial on your HP-UXversion), 54 minimum resource shares, 53 OTHERS defined, 146 PRM_SYS as "(PRM_SYS)" in prmmonitor -sand ps -Poutput as an explicit group, 55 defined reserved, 54 system, 54 user default group/CPU records adding with a text editor, 57 defined, 145 introduction modifying with a text editor, 57 removing with a text editor, 58 syntax hierarchies defined HP-UX real-timeprocess, defined, 145 Hyper-Threading id command support for PRM inetd possible need to remove from system group, 54 initial group defined, 145 internet services daemon Java programs launching under PRM launching an application, 69 checklist in a user-specifiedgroup, 70, 112 in a user’s initial group in its assigned group, 112 LCPU leaf groups defined loading a configuration, 79 with prmconfig lock on the configuration file, 107 lockable memory defined, 146 logical CPU Logical Volume Manager (LVM) defined login command support for PRM
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