Summary Link Advertisements | D-Link DES-3326 guide

DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Summary Link Advertisements

Summary link advertisements are Type 3 and 4 link state advertisements. These advertisements are originated by Area Border routers. A separate summary link advertisement is made for each destination known to the router, that belongs to the Autonomous System (AS), yet is outside the area.

Type 3 link state advertisements are used when the destination is an IP network. In this case the advertisement’s Link State ID field is an IP network number. When the destination is an AS boundary router, a Type 4 advertisement is used, and the Link State ID field is the AS boundary router’s OSPF Router ID. Other that the difference in the Link State ID field, the format of Type 3 and 4 link state advertisements is identical.

Summary Link Advertisements

Link-State Age

Options2

	Link-State ID


Advertising Router


Link-State Sequence Number


Link-State Checksum	Length


Network Mask


TOS	Metric

Figure 5-35. Summary Link Advertisement

For stub area, Type 3 summary link advertisements can also be used to describe a default route on a per-area basis. Default summary routes are used in stub area instead of flooding a complete set of external routes. When describing a default summary route, the advertisement’s Link State ID is always set to the Default Destination − 0.0.0.0, and the Network Mask is set to 0.0.0.0.

Separate costs may be advertised for each IP Type of Service. Note that the cost for TOS 0 must be included, and is always listed first. If the T-bit is reset in the advertisement’s Option field, only a route for TOS 0 is described by the advertisement. Otherwise, routes for the other TOS values are also described. If a cost for a certain TOS is not included, its cost defaults to that specified for TOS 0.

Field	Description

Network Mask	For Type 3 link state
	advertisements, this indicates
	the destination network’s IP
	address mask. For example,
	when advertising the location
	of a class A network the value
	0xff000000

TOS	The Type of Service that the
	following cost is relevant to.

Metric	The cost of this route.
	Expressed in the same units
	as the interface costs in the
	router links advertisements.

84

Image 84

D-Link DES-3326 manual Summary Link Advertisements

Contents

DES-3326 Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise Hardware Software Link Offices for Registration and Warranty Service TrademarksCopyright Statement FCC Warning CE Mark WarningVcci Warning Bsmi Warning Page Table of Contents ARP ViiiPage Layer 3 Switching Introduction Features Performance FeaturesFunctions of a Layer 3 Switch Layer 2 Features Layer 3 Switch Features Traffic Classification and Prioritization Management Optional Redundant Power Supply Fast Ethernet TechnologyGigabit Ethernet Technology Installation Desktop or Shelf InstallationUnpacking Rack Installation Installing rubber feet for desktop installation Power on Power Failure Front Panel Rear Panel Side Panels Optional Plug-in Modules1000BASE-T Module 1000BASE-SX Fiber Module 1000BASE-LX Fiber Module LED Indicators Gbic Two-Port Module Switch to End Node Switch to Hub or Switch 10BASE-T Device 100BASE-TX Device Diagnostic console port RS-232 DCE Local Console Management Boot screen IP Addresses and Snmp Community Names Traps Authentication TrapsSnmp performs the following functions MIBs Packet Forwarding Some filtering is done automatically by the switch FilteringMAC Address Aging Time Ameter Description Default Value Spanning Tree Variable Description Default Value Bridge Protocol Data Units Creating a Stable STP Topology STP Port StatesPort transitions from one state to another as follows Feature Default Value STP Port State Transitions User-Changeable STA Parameters Illustration of STP This example, only the default STP values are used Link Aggregation Link Aggregation Group VLANs Ieee 802.1Q VLANs802.1Q Vlan Packet Forwarding Some relevant terms 802.1Q Vlan Tags Ieee 802.1Q Packet Forwarding Port Vlan ID 10. Adding an Ieee 802.1Q Tag VLANs in Layer 2 Only Mode Tagging and UntaggingIngress Filtering IP Addresses Layer 3-Based VLANsIP Addressing and Subnetting Address Classes 255 Subnet Masking Calculating the Number of Subnets and Nodes Classless InterDomain Routing Cidr CID Setting up IP Interfaces Cidr Internet Protocols VID Protocol Layering 11. OSI Seven Layer Network Model Layer 12. The Protocol Stack TCP/IP Packet Headers TCP 13. TCP Packet Header Ethernet 14. IP Packet Header TCP and UDP Well-Known Ports UDP and Icmp Domain Name System Mapping Domain Names to Addresses Domain Name Resolution Dhcp ServersIP Routing Packet Fragmentation and Reassembly Multicasting Multicast GroupsAddress Assignment Internet Group Management Protocol Igmp Igmp Versions 1 11. Igmp Type Codes Multicast Routing Algorithms FloodingMulticast Spanning Trees Reverse Path Broadcasting RPB Reverse Path Multicasting RPM Protocol-Independent Multicast Dense Mode Multicast Routing ProtocolsRouting Protocols Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol Dvmrp RIP Version 1 Message Format 20. RIP v.1 Message Format RIP 1 Message RIP 1 Route InterpretationRIP Version 2 Extensions RIP2 Message Format Open Shortest Path First Ospf 21. RIP Message Format Link-State Algorithm Shortest Path AlgorithmOspf Cost Shortest Path Tree 22. Constructing a Shortest Path Tree Areas and Border Routers Link-State Packets Ospf Authentication Simple Password AuthenticationMessage Digest Authentication MD-5 Backbone and Area Virtual Links Areas Not Physically Connected to AreaPartitioning the Backbone Neighbors Adjacencies Designated Router ElectionBuilding Adjacency Adjacencies on Point-to-Point Interfaces Ospf Packet FormatsOspf Packet Header Hello Packet Field Description 26. Hello Packet Database Description Packet Database Description Packet Link-State Update Packet Link-State Request Packet Link-State Update Packet Link-State Acknowledgment Packet Link-State Advertisement Formats Link State Advertisement Header Router Links Advertisements 33. Routers Links Advertisement 18. Routers Links Advertisements − Network Links Advertisements FieldDescription Summary Link Advertisements Summary Link Advertisements Autonomous Systems External Link Advertisements AS External Link Advertisements 21. AS External System Advertisement Before You Start General Deployment Strategy Vlan Layout Assigning IP Interface Addresses and Subnet Masks to VLANsDefining Static Routes Connecting to the Switch First Time Connecting To The SwitchConsole Usage Conventions Creating User Accounts Initial Console screen Setup User Accounts Menu User Accounts Management Switch Privilege Configuration Management Root User+ Root, User+ and Normal User Privileges Saving Changes Save Changes Confirmation screen Loading Factory Defaults Logging Onto The Switch Console To update or delete a user password Updating or Deleting User AccountsViewing Current User Accounts To view the current user accounts Deleting a User Account To delete a user account Setting Up The Switch Basic SetupSwitch Information Remote Management Setup Configuring the Switch’s IP Address To set the switch’s IP address Snmp Settings To setup the switch for remote management Setting Up Trap Receivers 100 Configure Ports Port Locking101 Serial Port Settings View Ports 1 to 12 StateEnabled Speed/Duplex AutoHighlight Serial Port Settings and press Enter Flow Control Console Settings Slip Settings103 Switch Operation Mode Changing the Switch Operation ModeTo change the switch’s operating mode Highlight Switch Settings on the Main Menu and press Enter 19. Switch Settings menu 105 Menu Changes with Switch Operating Mode 106 Switch Settings Switch Mode Selection107 Layer 2 Switch Settings 300That is, how long a learned MAC Address is allowed to Remain idle. The Aging Time can be set to any value Switch Settings − Layer 3 IP Routing Protocol Settings Screen Hierarchy 110 BOOTP/DHCP Relay DNS Relay 111 Advanced Setup Configuring VLANsVLANs by Switch Operating Mode To create a new 802.1Q Vlan Action Vlan NameMembership 113 Tagging U/T To set the 802.1Q Vlan membership status of a portTo set a port as either a Tagged or an Untagged port 114 To configure the member ports of an 802.1Q Vlan Highlight Configure 802.1Q Port Settings and press EnterExample Edit 802.1Q Vlan screen 115 Configure Port ModuleFrom to PVID# To configure a port’s 802.1Q Vlan settings To edit an existing 802.1Q Vlan117 To edit the 802.1Q Vlan membership of a port To edit a port’s Tagged or Untagged status118 To setup IP Interfaces on the switch 119 Highlight Setup IP Interface and press Enter 120 Layer 3 IP Networking Setup Routing Information Protocol RIP 122 Password 123 Setup RIP Configuration Key IDKey 124 Interface Name System125 Setup Ospf 126 Ospf Area Setting State DisabledOspf Router Current Router Ospf Interface Configuration Entered in the MD5 Key Table Configuration menu. When Area IDRouter Priority Hello Interval Virtual Interface Configuration DescriptionTransit Area Neighbor Router ID Area Aggregation Configuration StatusNetwork Number Network Route Redistribution Settings Layer 2 Multicast Setup Igmp Snooping Settings133 To configure Igmp Snooping Switch Igmp SnoopingIeee 802.1Q Multicast Forwarding Querier StateNon VID Multicast MACAddress 135 Static Router Port Settings Router Port M136 Setup IP Multicast Multicast Interface ConfigurationTo setup IP multicasting on the switch Layer 3 Multicasting Igmp Enabled Interface Name138 Igmp Interface Configuration Dvmrp 140 To configure Pimdm for an IP interface 141 To configure a port for port mirroring Port MirroringJoin/Prune Interval 60. Mirroring Menu 143 Priority 144 MAC Address Priority LevelLow Source/Destination Src145 Layer 2 Filtering Highlight MAC Address Filter and press Enter146 Layer 3 IP Routing Filtering Parameter DescriptionSource/Destination 147 Forwarding Layer 2 ForwardingActionAdd/Modify Source/Destination Port 149 Static/Default Routes IP ForwardingAction Add Gateway IP Switch Spanning Tree Settings Static ARPAdd/Modify Interface Name IP Address MAC Address Status Enabled Group DefaultForward Delay Max. Age STP Group Configuration 153 Configure Ports View PortsPort Cost Priority 75. Link Aggregation screen 155 Configure Spanning Tree Method DisabledGroup ID Group Width Max Age Hello Time Forward Delay STP Group157 Spanning Tree Port Settings Create Spanning Tree GroupsGroup Name 158 Layer 2 Switch Utilities UtilitiesFrom 1 to 159 Upgrade Firmware from Tftp Server 160 Use Configuration File on Tftp Server Save Settings to Tftp Server161 Testing Connectivity with Ping Save History Log to Tftp ServerLayer 3 Utilities 162 BOOTP/DHCP Relay Relay Status DisabledBootp Hops Count Limit Relay Time Threshold0 DNS Relay Server164 Dnsr Cache StatusDisabled Dnsr Static Table Lookup StatusDisabledTo make a static DNS table entry 165 StatusEnabled ActionAdd/EditDomain Name 166 To display the network data compiled by the switch Network MonitoringLayer 2 Network Monitoring 167 Port Utilization To view the port utilization Port Error Packets To view the error statistics for a port169 Port Packet Analysis Frames Frames/secUnicast RX Multicast RX Browse MAC Address To view the MAC address forwarding tableTo search for a particular MAC address To view the Gvrp status table Browse Router Port To view the Router Port table173 Igmp Snooping To view the Igmp Snooping table174 Switch History To view the switch history logLayer 3 Network Monitoring To view the Network Monitoring Menu To view the contents of the IP Routing table Browse IP AddressRouting Table To view the IP address forwarding table ARP Table MaskGateway Hops Default IP Table To view the Default IP Address TableOspf Lsdb Table To view the Monitor Lsdb Table Cost 179 Ospf External Lsdb Table IP Multicast Forwarding Table Igmp Group TableTo view the IP multicast forwarding table To view the Igmp Group table Load Factory Defaults Dvmrp Routing TableTo view the Dvmrp Routing table 182 Reboot To reboot the switch from the console183 111. System Reboot Confirmation screen 184 Introduction Before You StartGeneral Deployment Strategy 185 Vlan Layout Assigning IP Network Addresses and Subnet Masks to VLANs186 Configuring the Switch Getting StartedManagement Defining Static Routes Switch Configuration Privilege Management Root User+ 188 Reboot and Load Factory Defaults Saving Changes189 Setting Up Web Management Setting an IP AddressSetting a Default Gateway IP address may alternatively be set manually as follows Setting the Administrator Password Setting Trap DestinationsSaving Configuration Changes Starting and Stopping the Web-based Manager Web-based Manager’s User Interface Areas of the User Interface192 Area Function 193 Link Menus 194 LinkMenus 195 BOOTP/DHCP Relay DNS Relay 196 IP Address Configuring the Switch’s IP Address Click the Switch Information link in the Configuration menu197 10. IP Address window 198 Default Gateway ManualSubnet Mask Management VID 11. Management Station IP Settings window 200 Click the Configure Ports link on the Configuration menu 201 202 Baud Rate Data BitsStop Bits 203 Local IP Address Remote IP Address204 Storm Mode MAC Address Aging Time 10 …1000000 secBroadcast/Multicas 205 Upper Threshold for Base portsModule ports 206 207 18 .1Q Static VLANs window 208 Tag EgressForbidden 209 Pvid 210 To configure the member ports of an 802.1Q Vlan to use Gvrp 211 To configure the member ports of an 802.1Q Vlan to use Gmrp 212 213 25. Setup IP Interface window 214 Setup the Routing Information Protocol RIP Subnet NameActive Yes 215 29. Setup RIP window 216 Ospf 217 AS Border Router State 218 Stub Default Cost TypeRemove 219 Auth Type 220 Neighbor Router 221 Network Number 222 Source Protocol Dest. Protocol223 To edit the IEEE802.1 Multicast Forwarding settings 224 39. Setup Ieee 802.1Q Multicast Forwarding window 225 To setup a static router port 226 42. Multicast Interface Configuration window 227 Igmp Settings VersionMax Resp 228 Dvmrp Settings To configure Dvmrp for an IP interfaceClick the Dvmrp Settings link on the IP Multicasting menu 229 PIM-DM Settings Nbr Report TimerClick the Pimdm Interface Configuration link Route Cost 231 Source Port Direction Ingress232 To configure a forwarding priority for a given MAC address Level LowState Src 233 To enter a MAC address into the filtering table State Scr234 To enter a MAC address into the switch’s forwarding table Forwarding Layer 2 Forwarding235 51. Setup Static Unicast MAC Forwarding window 236 Gateway IP To make a static ARP entry237 STP Switch Settings 238 Configure STP Groups To view the STP Port Settings table 240 To configure a link aggregation group Click the Link Aggregation link on the Configuration menu241 State Disabled Master PortMembers 242 Update Firmware from Server Use Configuration File on ServerTo update the switch’s firmware Select Upgrade Firmware from Server on the Maintenance menu Save Settings To Server To upload a settings file to the Tftp serverTo enable and configure Bootp or Dhcp on the switch Save History Log to Server To configure the BOOTP/DHCP Relay interface Count LimitRelay Time Threshold 245 DNS Relay Static Table Lookup Status Disabled DNS Relay StatePrimary Name Secondary Name Port Utilization Port Error Address The IP address of the domain name0.0 Above Address Table Applications248 Port Error Statistics Update249 Update Interval CRC ErrorRX Frames Undersize 72. Port Packet Analysis window 251 Browse MAC Address Sequentially To view the Gmrp Status table 253 Click the Browse Router Port link on the Applications menu 254 Click the Switch History link on the Applications menu 255 Browse the Routing Table 256 Default IP Address Table Address MaskJump 257 Ospf Link State Database Table 258 Router ID Lsdb Type Link State ID259 83. Ospf External Lsdb Table window 260 Click the Igmp Group Table link 261 Technical Specifications 262 Physical and Environmental 263 Commands 264 265 Runtime Switching Software Default Settings 266 Blocking State Port in the blocking state does the following267 Listening State Port in the listening state does the following268 Learning State Port in the learning state does the following269 Forwarding State Port in the forwarding state does the following270 Disabled State Disabled port does the following271 Troubleshooting STP Spanning Tree Protocol Failure272 Full/Half Duplex Mismatch 273 Unidirectional Link 274 Resource Errors Know where the root is locatedPacket Corruption Identifying a Data Loop Know which links are redundant Minimize the number of ports in the blocking state276 Impact of Layer 3 Switching 277 278 Brief Review of Bitwise Logical Operations Index Vlan Offices Norway Link Norway Registration Card