Side Lobes, Indirect False Echoes | Raymarine Marine GPS System

Advanced Navigator Functions

Side Lobes

A small part of the RF energy from each transmitted pulse is radiated outside the single narrow beam. This produces side lobe patterns, shown in Figure 5-2. Side lobes have no effect on distant or small surface objects; however, the echo from a large object at short range may produce an arc on the radar screen similar to a range ring or a series of echoes forming a broken arc. Side-lobe echoes normally occur at ranges below 3nm, and can be reduced by adjusting the SEA control.

Figure 5-2. Radar Side Lobe Echo Affects

Indirect (False) Echoes

There are several types of indirect echoes or ghost images (Figure 5-3). These sometimes have the appearance of true echoes, but in general they are intermittent and poorly defined.

Figure 5-3 Radar Indirect Echo Affects

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Raymarine Marine GPS System manual Side Lobes, Indirect False Echoes

Contents

Distributed by Navigator Disclaimers and Warranty Guide Description Technical Accuracy Conventions Generall Conventtiions Email Address Telephone United StatesTelephone Europe Mailing AddressesPage Table of Contents Using Navigators Interface Customiiziing the Interface Working With Charts and Routes4-1 Measurriing Range and Bearriing Usiing VRM//EBL Usi ing Sonar Wi ith Navi igator Appendix a Connecting Peripheral Instruments Chapter Introduction Welcome to RayTech Navigator Easy Marine Navigation Using Routes and Waypoints Multiple Chart Formats for Flexibility Comprehensive Weather/Oceanographic Reporting Navigator’s Toolbars, Functionbars, and Databoxes Contour Display Optional Modules Sail Racer Module Fishing Pro Module Overview Before You Begin Setting Your PC Monitor’s Colors for Best Display Hardware RequirementsMinimum System Requirements Installing Navigator Installing From a CDTo install Navigator from a CD InstallShield Wizard Welcome Screen InstallShield Wizard Customer Information Screen InstallShield Wizard Setup Type Screen ISW Custom Setup screen choices are defined as follows InstallShield Wizard Ready to Install Screen Installing From the Internet Chapter Using Navigator’s Interface Main Interface Component Descriptions Navigator’s Main Interface Drop-Down Menus File MenuWaypoint Menu Route Menu Tools Menu Tools/Pre-Start Menu View Menu Window Menu Help Menu Toolbars Standard ToolbarWaypoints and Routes Toolbar Charting Toolbar Alarm Toolbar Animation Toolbar Tides/Currents Toolbar View Toolbar Fishing Toolbar Yacht Racing Toolbar Pre-Start ToolbarWeather Toolbar Functionbar Menus Pathfinder Panel ToolbarStandard Functionbar 22. Standard Functionbar Menu Hierarchy Route Button Goto ButtonMarks Button Top-Level More Button Second-Level More Button File Button Weather Animation Button Setup Button Radar Functionbar 31. Radar Functionbar Menu Hierarchy Heading Mode Button Targets ButtonMarpa Button Gain Button 35. Radar Functionbar Gain Button Descriptions VRM/EBL Buttons 36. Radar Functionbar VRM/EBL Button Descriptions Sonar Functionbar Tune Button 38. Sonar Functionbar Menu Hierarchy Frequency Button Zoom Button Bottom Lock Button Scope Button 43. Sonar Functionbar VRM/EBL Button Descriptions Alarm Buttons 44. Sonar Functionbar Alarm Button Descriptions Using the Customize Dialog Box Customizing the Interface Commands Tab To customize drop-down menus To display the Toolbars tab To reset Toolbars to original default settingsToolbars Tab To create and name a custom Toolbar 46. Customize Dialog Box Toolbars Tab To associate keystrokes with commands Keyboard Tab Menu Tab 48. Customize Dialog Box Menu Tab Options Tab To display the Options tab Installing Charts About Using Charts with Navigator Where to Store Charts Installing MapTech PCX and NOAA/BSB Charts RayTech Settings Dialog Box Chart Installer Screen Chart Manager Screen 1 Showing Installed Charts Working With Routes Creating a Route To create and name a route Beginning a Route Completing a Route Editing Routes and Waypoints Waypoint Basics Adding, Moving, and DeletingTo add a waypoint to a route 11. Edit Route Dialog Box Adding a Waypoint to a Route To move relocate a waypoint 12. Moving a Waypoint 13. Moving the Waypoint You Are Approaching To The Vessel To put a new waypoint at your vessel’s current position 15. Placing a Waypoint At The Vessel’s Current Position To put a new waypoint at the cursor’s current position 17. Placing a Waypoint At The Cursor’s Current Position 18. Placing a Man Overboard Marker To delete a waypoint from a route 19. Deleting a Waypoint To modify a waypoint’s display characteristics Modifying Waypoints Working With Charts And Routes Setting Relative Waypoints To set one waypoint as relative to another To temporarily set one waypoint to specific coordinates To return a waypoint to its relative coordinates Working With Waypoint Groups To create a new waypoint group To rename a waypoint group 22. Renaming a Waypoint Group To delete a waypoint group 23. Deleting a Waypoint Group To display or hide a waypoint group 24. Showing or Hiding a Waypoint Group Using the Waypoint Recycle Bin To retrieve waypoints from the recycle bin 26. Retrieving Waypoints From The Recycle Bin Using Radar With Navigator Chapter Advanced Navigator Functions RayTech Navigator User’s Guide Displaying the Top Line Status Header To overlay radar data on top of a chartDisplaying the Radar Screen To display radar data in a separate window Displaying the Control Panel To display the Control Panel Using the Pathfinder Panel Toolbar Using the Range Control Changing the Range Standard Range Scale Radar Range Scales Determining Actual Radar Range Radar Range Interpreting and Adjusting the Radar Picture Controls to Adjust the Radar Picture Identifying False Echo Returns Side Lobes Indirect False Echoes Multiple Echoes Blind Sectors or Shadow Effect To adjust the Gain Radar Gain Control Sea Clutter Control Radar Sea Clutter Display To adjust Sea Clutter control Rain Clutter Control Radar Rain Clutter Display To adjust the Rain and FTC controls Tuning the Receiver That you leave the Tune control in Auto modeTo tune the radar To change target mode settings Changing the Target Display Interference Rejection Target Expansion Measuring Range and Bearing Using VRM/EBL Target Wakes RayTech Navigator User’s Guide Measuring Range and Bearing to Target from Vessel Using VRM/EBLTo access VRM/EBLs Click Moving a VRM/EBL To move a VRM or EBLTo Move Click Placing Marks To place a mark symbol at the cursor positionTo place a mark symbol at the current vessel location To remove marks Safety Notices Introduction to Marpa Risk Assessment Target Data Target Vector and History Radar Range Scales Acquiring a Marpa Target To acquire a Marpa target Using the Marpa Dialog Box Deleting a Marpa TargetTo remove a target from the Marpa database To view target data the Marpa List To acquire a targetTo clear a target To view selected target data in the Marpa box Using Sonar With Navigator To display sonar data in a separate Navigator window Pathfinder Panel for Sonar Fish Indications To display the depth of the fish Bottom Indications Effect of Frequency and Boat Speed Depth Target ID To toggle on and off the Target Depth ID Selecting the Background Color Changing the Scroll SpeedTo change the background color To change the scrolling speed To pause the scrolling display Adjusting the Range Control To adjust the range and shift values Selecting the Power Setting To change the power settingSelecting the Frequency Adjusting Display Gain Sensitivity To change the frequency Adjusting Color Gain To adjust the Color Gain Using the A-Scope To display the A-Scope imageTo remove the A-Scope image Using Bottom Lock To display the Bottom Lock image To switch the white line feature on and off Using the White LineUsing Zoom To use zoom Using Alarms Using VRM To set an alarm To use the VRM Using Waypoints To Place a Waypoint Using Polars to Optimize Your Performance 13. Typical Polars Plot Screen Collecting Data Entering and Editing Data Polar Parameters Screen 14. Polar Parameters Screen Advanced Navigator Functions Data Tests Screen 15. Data Tests Screen Advanced Navigator Functions RayTech Navigator User’s Guide ForestayStrain Displays only those tests that How to Graph and Read a Polar Plot To graph a Polar plot, do the following RayTech Navigator User’s Guide 18. Polar Plot Example Screen Using the Upwind, Downwind, and Vmc Plot Screens 19. Upwind Plot Screen 20. Downwind Plot Screen 21. Vmc Plot Screen Calibrating to Ensure Data Accuracy Boat Speed Calibration Compass Calibration Apparent Wind Angle Calibration True Wind Angle Calibration 22. Twa Corrections Screen True Wind Speed Calibration 23. Tws Corrections Screen Using the Engine Instrument Panel Displaying the Panel 24. Single Engine Instrument Panel with Tachometer Configuring the Panel 25. Engine Panel Settings Screen Showing Instruments Tab 26. Engine Panel Setting Screen Showing Panel Tab Appendix a Connecting Peripheral Instruments Connecting to Instruments Via an Nmea Cable Figure A-1. Raymarine Nmea Connection Cable, Part No. E86001 Connecting Directly to a GPS Table A-1. Connecting Navigator Directly to GPS System Connecting Directly to NMEA-Equipped Instruments Connect Cable Color To Nmea Instrument Lead Connecting Directly to Radar Table A-3. Connecting Navigator Directly to Radar System Connecting Directly an Autopilot Table A-4. Connecting Navigator Directly to Autopilot System Connecting Specific Instruments and Devices Connecting to a Raymarine Direct SeaTalk Interface Connecting to a Raytheon Autohelm System Figure A-1 and Table A-5 Connecting to B&G Instruments Table A-6. Connecting Navigator to a B&G Performance BoardTable A-7. Connecting Navigator to a B&G Nmea FFD Display Connecting to KVH Instruments Table A-8. Connecting Navigator to a KVH Race Box Connecting to Ockam Instruments Basic Nmea and RS-232 Cabling Principles Nmea Basics RS-232 Basics RayTech Navigator User’s Guide Circuit Grounding Issues Proper Cable ShieldingPreventing Interference and Crosstalk Connecting With a KiwiTech Cable Pin Serial Direct RayTech Navigator Version Raymarine Interim Sheet Click Save Now Click Send Now Create Route Charting Enhancements New Databoxes Other Vessel Tracking DataTrak Enhancements