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USRobotics NETServer/16, NETServer/8 manual Appendix B Addressing Schemes, IPX Addressing Basics

Models: NETServer/16 NETServer/8

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Appendix B

Addressing Schemes

This appendix contains a brief introduction to the IP and IPX addressing schemes for administrators that are new to either one or both.

IPX Addressing Basics

Unlike TCP/IP, Novell’s IPX protocol uses two separate address fields for each network interface: a 4 octet (4 byte) network number and a 6 octet node address. The complete 10 octet address is traditionally written as two hexadecimal numbers separated by a colon, for example: 001EF230:000000012A45.

The network number is an arbitrary value assigned by the network administrator. Each unique network number desig- nates a single LAN segment. When configuring the NETServer for IPX routing, you will need to assign several IPX network numbers. Each one should be entered as an 8 digit hexadecimal number.

The node address of an IPX machine is taken directly from the MAC address of each network interface card. This address was pre-configured by the manufacturer of the card and usually cannot be changed by a network administrator.

IP Addressing Basics

IP addresses are 32 bits long and generally written in what is called dotted decimal notation: four decimal values separated by periods. For example, 192.77.203.5.

Addressing Schemes B-1

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USRobotics NETServer/16 Appendix B Addressing Schemes, IPX Addressing Basics, IP Addressing Basics, Addressing Schemes B-1

Contents

NETServer/8 NETServer/16 Page Table of Contents Network Dial-in Access Reference Section Administrative Tools Limited Warranty Warranty and Service Technical Support Service and SupportVii Viii We welcome your suggestions for better documentation What’s New with Release 3.1? Chapter OverviewAdditional Software Enhancements Overview IP Address Spoofing Netmask TableAccounting Servers Accounting Server Support Randomized Hosts Multiple Name ServersRadius Accounting and ANI/DNIS Icmp Message Logging New Modem Port Features NETServer Overview IP Modem Sharing How do I get there from here? Security Administrative Utilities System Administrator Requirements Chapter Basic InstallationBasic Installation TCP/IP Reference Material Accessing the Command Line Getting Started First step for IPX or IP/IPX networks Getting the LAN port up and running Basic Installation IP Configuration You must also set the Broadcast Address. Type the following Ethernet802.3 ethernet802.2 ethernet802.2II ethernetII IPX Configuration Final Steps Password Recommended Global ConfigurationIP and IPX Default Gateways To set the IP gateway, type the following Save your work Name Service Basic Installation How to Setup Applications Chapter Configuration OverviewConfiguration Overview Application Section Where do I go from here? Commands are not case sensitive Command LineYou can abbreviate commands Separate a parameter and its value by a space Reboot when necessary Reset any ports you have changedHow to log out of the command line Save your changes Quick Command Overview Global Configuration Overview of configurable tablesHosts Table Net0 LAN Port Configuration Initialization Script ConfigurationLocation Table Netmasks Table Packet Filter Table Port Type Port Configuration Routes Table Snmp Configuration User Table Configuration Overview Terminal or Workstation Setup Chapter IP Terminal Server SetupIP Terminal Server Setup NETServer Terminal Server Setup Overview Global Default Port DefaultUser Table Configuring a Port Terminal Server Detailed SetupSet the port type to User Login Set the port’s security Pass-Thru Login Create default user settings for the port Port Default Login Service Optional Friendly Stuff Save sport # Adding a Remote User to the User Table Configure the userAdd the user to the User Table Login Service Configure for dialback use? Example IP Terminal Server Case Studies NETServer will use ports 6, 7, and 8 for this application Save your work and reset all the ports Example IP Terminal Server Setup Dial-in User Setup Chapter Network Dial In AccessNetwork Dial In Access Prework NETServer Setup for Network Dial-In Overview Configuration NETServer Dial-In Detailed Setup Dialback Users on this Port? Save the changes to flash memory Normal or dialback user? Create a new user Add configuration information for the user This is the user’s IP subnet mask. Use the following command Option can be any one of the following Configure the ports IP Remote Access Case Study Create a user table entry for the dialback user Create user table entries for the dial in users Save your work and reset the ports Connecting to the NETServer IPX Remote Access Create User Table entries for the dial in users Chapter LAN-to-LAN Routing Setup for NETServer Routing OverviewLAN-to-LAN Routing IPX routing LAN-to-LAN Routing NETServer Routing An Introduction to NETServer Routing LAN-to-LAN Routing How RIP Dynamically Builds the Routing Table Static vs. Dynamic Routes Establishing Connections to Remote Gateways How Packets are Routed Routing Procedure PAP Password Authentication Protocol PAP/CHAP Authentication Chap Setup for the NETServer Chap Challenge Example Configuring the Port LAN-to-LAN Routing Detailed Setup Creating a Dial-Out Group Create a new location table entry Adding a Remote Device to the Location TableSet Required Location Parameters This is the remote device’s IP address Set location location name netmask netmask Dial Group Number Multiple lines for a single connection Maximum Ports Create a Dial Script Set location Chicago script 1 atds slot#\r Connect Create a User Table Entry Adding the Remote Device to the User TableTell the NETServer about the Remote Device Set user user name protocol ppp slip Set netuser user name compression on off LAN-to-LAN Routing Case Study Add netuser nsb password xyzabc Setting Up NETServer a Setting Up NETServer B Now, save your work and reset the ports Testing the Connection What If I Don’t Want to Use Chap Authentication? Connecting to NETServer a from NETServer B Chapter Talking to the Modems Configure the port as a host deviceTCP/IP Modem Sharing Assign the modem a TCP port number Turn modem control carrier detect off Save your work and reset the port Implementing Security with Host Device Dial Out Configuring modems as Unix pseudo TTYs Talking to the Modems How To Modem Initialization ScriptsAdd a New Initialization Script Assign Text to an Initialization Script Delete an Initialization Script Use an Existing Initialization ScriptDisplaying an Initialization Script Initialization Script Example Default initialization string Sending AT commands to the modems Talking to the Modems Packet Filters Chapter Packet FiltersPacket Filters Packet Filters and the NETServer Types of Filters Information Sources Input filters vs. Output filters Adding Packet Filters Input filters vs. Output filters Rule Type Filter Rule FormatName Permit or Deny Rule NumberOptions TCP/IP packet filtering Destination Address TCP and UDP parameters TCP UDP Standard Port Numbers FTP Packet Filtering Filtering RIP messages Client opens a control channel FTP Example Type Description Filtering Icmp packets IPX Rules IPX packet filtering Dsthost SAP Rule Options Edit a Packet Filter Editing Packet FiltersDelete a Packet Filter Rule Delete a Packet Filter View the Packet Filter Table View a Packet Filter Configuring the !root account Chapter Administrative ToolsChanging the command prompt Root Access Telnet Access Port Dial Command Manually Connecting to a Remote SiteNslogin, Rlogin and Telnet Commands Viewing Debug messages Troubleshooting Commands Turn off the output console by typing the following Ifconfig MTU Ping Ptrace Version Traceroute Show Show command Show flash Show arp Show netconns Show memory Show netstat Show sessions Show sap Administrative Tools Global Configuration Chapter Command ReferenceCommand Reference Get help View the Global Configuration TableSave Changes Global user parameters Default HostAssigned Address Connect Message Randomize Hosts Global routing parameters Default Gateways IP Address Spoofing Default Route PAP Authentication NetBIOS Packet PropagationProxy ARP System Name Service Name ServiceServer name Domain name DNS Cache Reset Time-out Primary Radius Server Radius securityAlternate Radius Server Radius Secret Syslog Accounting Radius Accounting Icmp Logging Add a Host Hosts TableDelete a Host View the Hosts Table Location Table Bring Up the List of CommandsAdd a Location to the Location Table Change a Location’s Parameters View the Location Table Save Location Table ChangesView a Particular Location Connection Type Location Table Parameters Netmask IP AddressIPX Network Routing ProtocolCompression Maximum Ports Dial Group High Water Mark Idle Time-out PPP Async Map MTU Input Filter Output FilterDial Script Send Reply Reset the Network Interface Card LAN Port Net0 Configuration LAN Port Parameters View LAN Port ConfigurationEthernet Status Interface Address Configured Ethernet Media Broadcast Address IPX Frame Type Set net0 ifilter filter name Add a netmask Netmask TableDelete a netmask View the netmask table Change a Port’s Parameters Save Port Configuration View the Ports Table To view all of the S-ports, use the following command Idle Port is idle View an Individual Port Determining a Port’s Type User LoginHost Device Device Service Network Dial In Port Parameters Login MessageLine Hangup Security Pass-Thru Login Login Prompt Dialback Delay User Login Port ParametersAutolog Name Host Login Service Terminal Type IPX Network Number Hardwired Port Parameters Set s0 netmask netmask NETServer sends RIP information across Port Speed Serial Communications ParametersDatabits Stopbits Flow Control ParityHost Override Modem Control Add a Route to the Routes Table Routes Table ConfigurationChange a Route’s Information Save Routes Table Changes Delete a Routes Table EntryView the IP Routes Table Flag Parameter Viewing the IPX Routes Table IP Parameters IPX Parameters Delete Snmp Hosts Snmp TableSave the Snmp Table Changes Enabling/Disabling Snmp View Snmp Table Snmp Table ParametersRead Community Name Write Community Name Write Hosts Read Hosts Add a User to the User Table User Table Delete a User Change a User’s ParametersSave User Table Changes View the User Table Access Filter Login User ParametersDialback Number Set user name service rlogin telnet netdata portmux Command Reference Dialback Network User Parameters IPX connections require the PPP protocol NETServer sends RIP information to the dial Set user filter name ofilter filter name Command Reference 16 port NETServer Hardware Appendix a Technical Specifications Maximum Output Power Power RequirementsMaximum Input Power Typical Input Power External Serial Port Console Technical Specifications A-3 10Base-T Ethernet Network Interface Card Technical Specifications A-5 Signal10Base-2 BNC Isolated GND Technical Specifications Technical Specifications A-7 Token Ring⎯STP ConnectorToken Ring Network Interface Card Token Ring⎯UTP Connector Administration NETServer Firmware SpecificationsTechnical Specifications A-9 Routing Support Industry Standards Support PPP Specific FeaturesClient Dial-up Support Slip and PPP Client Software Support Technical Specifications A-11 Technical Specifications IPX Addressing Basics Appendix B Addressing SchemesIP Addressing Basics Addressing Schemes B-1 Subnetting Address ClassesAddressing Schemes Addressing Schemes B-3 Mask Binary Subnets Hosts Reserved Addresses Addressing Schemes B-5 Supernetting Advanced TCP/IP Cidr Each Supernet is treated as a single entity Addressing Schemes B-7 Step two Select a range of addresses for each supernet Addressing Schemes B-9 Supernetting and the NETServer Why Perform an SDL Software Download? SDL Using a Direct Connection to a PCAppendix C Software Download Software Download C-1 Software Installation Make Backup Copies of the NETServer FirmwareLoading the Software Download SDL Program Starting SDL Software Download C-3 SDL Command Syntax Filename Prefixes Optional -d Parameter Software Download C-5 Entering SDL Mode Upgrading NETServer Firmware From the Windows Management Software Software Download C-7 Upgrading the Modem Firmware For the Isdn NETServer, the file names are Software Download C-9 Error Messages PC SDL program detected unknown command line argu- ments Software Download C-11 Invalid Control Word Software Download C-13 File you are trying to download is not a NETServer file Boot Process D-1 Appendix D Boot Process Boot Process Appendix E Syslog Accounting Using SyslogSyslog Accounting E-1 Spotting Unused Ports Syslog System MessagesSyslog System Message Format Syslog Accounting Syslog Accounting E-3 Syslog System Message Examples Someone has logged in as !root on port S16 Syslog Accounting E-5 Syslog Accounting Obtaining Radius Appendix F Security a Centrally Managed User Table Authentication Items Setting Up Radius User Table Entries Response Items Radius F-5 Framed-Netmask Radius F-7 User Types Radius F-9 Making NETServer talk to a Radius security server Chap authentication using Radius Radius Accounting Acct-Delay-TimeRadius accounting fields Acct-Status-Type Acct-Authentic Accounting ExamplesAcct-Session-Time Radius Index Alphabetical Index Index Icmp MTU NIC PPP SAP Slip Index Index