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207 pages, 1.98 Mb
Citrix XenServer
®
6.0 Administrator's Guide
Published Friday, 02 March 2012
1.1 Edition
Contents
Main
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Contents
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Monitoring and Managing XenServer ........................................................... 106
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B. Workload Balancing Service Commands ................................................... 186
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Document Overview
Introducing XenServer
Benefits of Using XenServer
Using XenServer reduces costs by:
Using XenServer increases flexibility by:
New Features in XenServer 6.0
Integrated Site Recovery (Disaster Recovery):
Integrated StorageLink:
GPU Pass-Through:
Virtual Appliance Support (vApp):
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VM Protection and Recovery:
NFS Support for High Availability:
XenCenter Improvements:
Host Architectural Improvements:
XenServer Documentation
Managing Users
Authenticating Users With Active Directory (AD)
Understanding Active Directory Authentication in the XenServer Environment
Upgrading XenServer
Configuring Active Directory Authentication
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Enabling external authentication on a pool
Disabling external authentication
User Authentication
Allowing a user access to XenServer using the CLI
Removing access for a user using the CLI
Listing subjects with access
Removing Access for a User
Terminating all authenticated sessions using xe
Terminating individual user sessions using xe
Leaving an AD Domain
Role Based Access Control
RBAC process
Roles
A user's role can be changed in two ways:
Definitions of RBAC Roles and Permissions
Table 1. Permissions available for each role
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Definitions of Permissions
Table 2. Definitions of permissions
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Using RBAC with the CLI
To List All the Available Defined Roles in XenServer
To Display a List of Current Subjects:
To Add a Subject to RBAC
To Assign an RBAC Role to a Created subject
To Change a Subject's RBAC Role:
Auditing
Audit Log xe CLI Commands
To Obtain All Audit Records From the Pool
To Obtain Audit Records of the Pool Since a Precise Millisecond Timestamp
To Obtain Audit Records of the Pool Since a Precise Minute Timestamp
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XenServer Hosts and Resource Pools
Hosts and Resource Pools Overview
Requirements for Creating Resource Pools
Creating a Resource Pool
To join XenServer hosts host1 and host2 into a resource pool using the CLI
Naming a resource pool
Creating Heterogeneous Resource Pools
To add a heterogeneous XenServer host to a resource pool using the xe CLI
Adding Shared Storage
Adding NFS shared storage to a resource pool using the CLI
Removing a XenServer Host from a Resource Pool
To remove a host from a resource pool using the CLI
Preparing a Pool of XenServer Hosts for Maintenance
To prepare a XenServer host in a pool for maintenance operations using the CLI
High Availability
HA Overview
Overcommitting
Overcommitment Warning
Host Fencing
Configuration Requirements
Restart Priorities
Enabling HA on a XenServer Pool
Enabling HA Using the CLI
Removing HA Protection from a VM using the CLI
Recovering an Unreachable Host
Shutting Down a host When HA is Enabled
Host Power On
Powering on Hosts Remotely
Using the CLI to Manage Host Power On
To Enable Host Power On Using the CLI
To Turn on Hosts Remotely Using the CLI
Configuring a Custom Script for XenServer's Host Power On Feature
Key/Value Pairs
host.power_on_mode
host.power_on_config
Sample Script
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Storage
Storage Overview
Storage Repositories (SRs)
Virtual Disk Images (VDIs)
Physical Block Devices (PBDs)
Virtual Block Devices (VBDs)
Summary of Storage objects
Virtual Disk Data Formats
VHD-based VDIs
VHD Chain Coalescing
LUN-based VDIs
Storage Repository Types
Local LVM
Creating a Local LVM SR (lvm)
Local EXT3 VHD
Creating a Local EXT3 SR (ext)
udev
ISO
Software iSCSI Support
XenServer Host iSCSI configuration
Citrix StorageLink SRs
Upgrading XenServer with StorageLink SRs
Creating a Shared StorageLink SR
To Create a CSL SR Using XenCenter
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Managing Hardware Host Bus Adapters (HBAs)
Sample QLogic iSCSI HBA setup
Removing HBA-based SAS, FC or iSCSI Device Entries
LVM over iSCSI
Creating a Shared LVM Over iSCSI SR Using the Software iSCSI Initiator (lvmoiscsi)
Creating a Shared LVM over Fibre Channel / iSCSI HBA or SAS SR (lvmohba)
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NFS VHD
Creating a Shared NFS SR (NFS)
LVM over Hardware HBA
Storage Configuration
Creating Storage Repositories
Upgrading LVM Storage from XenServer 5.0 or Earlier
LVM Performance Considerations
VDI Types
Creating a Raw Virtual Disk Using the xe CLI
Converting Between VDI Formats
Probing an SR
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Storage Multipathing
To enable storage multipathing using the xe CLI
MPP RDAC Driver Support for LSI Arrays.
Managing Storage Repositories
Destroying or Forgetting a SR
Introducing an SR
Resizing an SR
Converting Local Fibre Channel SRs to Shared SRs
Moving Virtual Disk Images (VDIs) Between SRs
Copying All of a VMs VDIs to a Different SR
Copying Individual VDIs to a Different SR
Adjusting the Disk IO Scheduler
Automatically Reclaiming Space When Deleting Snapshots
Reclaiming Space Using the Off Line Coalesce Tool
Virtual Disk QoS Settings
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Configuring VM Memory
What is Dynamic Memory Control (DMC)?
The Concept of Dynamic Range
The Concept of Static Range
DMC Behaviour
How Does DMC Work?
Memory Constraints
Supported Operating Systems
xe CLI Commands
Display the Static Memory Properties of a VM
Display the Dynamic Memory Properties of a VM
Updating Memory Properties
Update Individual Memory Properties
Upgrade Issues
Workload Balancing Interaction
Xen Memory Usage
Setting Control Domain Memory
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Networking
Networking Support
vSwitch Networks
XenServer Networking Overview
Network Objects
Networks
VLANs
Using VLANs with Management Interfaces
Using VLANs with Virtual Machines
Using VLANs with Dedicated Storage NICs
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Switch Configuration
Active-Active Bonding
Active-Passive Bonding
Initial Networking Configuration
Managing Networking Configuration
Cross-Server Private networks
Creating Networks in a Standalone Server
To add a new network using the CLI
Creating Networks in Resource Pools
Creating VLANs
To connect a network to an external VLAN using the CLI
Creating NIC Bonds on a Standalone Host
Creating a NIC bond
Bonding two NICs
Controlling the MAC Address of the Bond
Reverting NIC bonds
Creating NIC bonds in resource pools
Adding NIC bonds to new resource pools
Adding NIC bonds to an existing pool
Configuring a dedicated storage NIC
To assign NIC functions using the xe CLI
Using SR-IOV Enabled NICs
Assigning a SR-IOV NIC VF to a VM
Controlling the rate of outgoing data (QoS)
Changing networking configuration options
Hostname
DNS servers
Changing IP address configuration for a standalone host
Changing IP address configuration in resource pools
Changing the IP address of a member host (not pool master)
Networking Troubleshooting
Diagnosing network corruption
Recovering from a bad network configuration
Disaster Recovery and Backup
Understanding XenServer DR
DR Infrastructure Requirements
Deployment Considerations
Steps to Take Before a Disaster
Steps to Take After a Disaster
Steps to Take After a Recovery
Enabling Disaster Recovery in XenCenter
Recovering VMs and vApps in the Event of Disaster (Failover)
Restoring VMs and vApps to the Primary Site After Disaster (Failback)
Test Failover
To perform a test failover of VMs and vApps to a secondary site
vApps
Creating vApps
Using the Manage vApps dialog box in XenCenter
Backing Up and Restoring XenServer Hosts and VMs
To backup pool metadata
To backup host configuration and software
To backup a VM
To backup VM metadata only
Backing up Virtual Machine metadata
Backing up single host installations
Backing up pooled installations
Subsequently restoring this backup on a brand new set of hosts
Backing up XenServer hosts
To back up a XenServer host
To restore a running XenServer host
Restarting a crashed XenServer host
Backing up VMs
VM Snapshots
Regular Snapshots
Quiesced Snapshots
Snapshots with memory
Creating a VM Snapshot
Creating a snapshot with memory
To list all of the snapshots on a XenServer pool
To list the snapshots on a particular VM
Restoring a VM to its previous state
Deleting a snapshot
Snapshot Templates
Creating a template from a snapshot
Exporting a snapshot to a template
Advanced Notes for Quiesced Snapshots
VM Protection and Recovery
Naming convention for VM archive folders
Coping with machine failures
Member failures
Master failures
Pool failures
To restore a completely failed pool
Coping with Failure due to Configuration Errors
To restore host software and configuration
Physical Machine failure
To restore a pool with all hosts failed
To restore a VM when VM storage is not available
Monitoring and Managing XenServer
Alerts
Customizing Alerts
Valid VM Elements
Valid Host Elements
Configuring Email Alerts
Custom Fields and Tags
Custom Searches
Determining throughput of physical bus adapters
To determine PBD throughput
Troubleshooting
XenServer host logs
Sending host log messages to a central server
To write logs to a remote server
XenCenter logs
Troubleshooting connections between XenCenter and the XenServer host
Appendix A. Command Line Interface
Basic xe Syntax
Special Characters and Syntax
Command Types
Parameter Types
Low-level Parameter Commands
Low-level List Commands
xe Command Reference
Appliance Commands
Appliance Parameters
appliance-assert-can-be-recovered
appliance-create
Audit Commands
Bonding Commands
Bond Parameters
bond-create
bond-destroy
CD Commands
cd-list
Console Commands
Console Parameters
Disaster Recovery (DR) Commands
drtask-create
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Event Commands
Event Classes
event-wait
GPU Commands
Physical GPU (pGPU) Parameters
GPU Group Parameters
Virtual GPU (vGPU) Parameters
vgpu-create
vgpu-destroy
Host Commands
Host Selectors
Host Parameters
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host-backup
host-bugreport-upload
host-crashdump-destroy
host-crashdump-upload
host-disable
host-emergency-management-reconfigure
host-enable
host-evacuate
host-forget
host-get-system-status
host-get-system-status-capabilities
host-is-in-emergency-mode
host-apply-edition
host-license-add
host-license-view
host-logs-download
host-management-reconfigure
host-power-on
host-get-cpu-features
host-set-cpu-features
host-set-power-on
host-restore
host-set-hostname-live
host-shutdown
host-syslog-reconfigure
host-data-source-list
host-data-source-record
host-data-source-forget
host-data-source-query
Log Commands
log-set-output
Message Commands
Message Parameters
message-create
Network Commands
Network Parameters
network-create
network-destroy
Patch (Update) Commands
Patch Parameters
patch-apply
patch-clean
patch-pool-apply
PBD Commands
PBD Parameters
pbd-create
pbd-destroy
pbd-plug
PIF Commands
PIF Parameters
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pif-forget
pif-introduce
pif-plug
pif-reconfigure-ip
pif-scan
Pool Commands
Pool Parameters
pool-designate-new-master
pool-dump-database
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Storage Manager Commands
SM Parameters
SR Commands
SR Parameters
sr-create
sr-destroy
sr-enable-database-replication
sr-disable-database-replication
sr-forget
sr-introduce
Task Commands
Task Parameters
task-cancel
Template Commands
Template Parameters
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template-export
Update Commands
update-upload
User Commands
user-password-change
VBD Commands
VBD Parameters
vbd-create
vbd-destroy
vbd-eject
vbd-insert
vbd-plug
VDI Commands
VDI Parameters
vdi-clone
vdi-copy
vdi-create
vdi-destroy
vdi-forget
vdi-import
vdi-introduce
vdi-resize
VIF Commands
VIF Parameters
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vif-create
vif-destroy
vif-plug
vif-unplug
VLAN Commands
vlan-create
pool-vlan-create
vlan-destroy
VM Commands
VM Selectors
VM Parameters
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vm-assert-can-be-recovered
vm-cd-add
vm-cd-eject
vm-cd-insert
vm-cd-list
vm-clone
vm-compute-maximum-memory
vm-copy
vm-crashdump-list
vm-data-source-list
vm-data-source-record
vm-data-source-forget
vm-data-source-query
vm-destroy
vm-disk-add
vm-disk-list
vm-disk-remove
vm-export
vm-import
vm-install
vm-memory-shadow-multiplier-set
vm-migrate
vm-reboot
vm-recover
vm-reset-powerstate
vm-resume
vm-shutdown
vm-start
vm-suspend
vm-uninstall
Workload Balancing XE Commands
pool-initialize-wlb
pool-param-set other-config
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pool-deconfigure-wlb
pool-retrieve-wlb-configuration
pool-retrieve-wlb-recommendations
pool-retrieve-wlb-report
pool-send-wlb-configuration
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Appendix B. Workload Balancing Service Commands
Service Commands
Logging in to the Workload Balancing Virtual Appliance
To log in to the Workload Balancing virtual appliance
service workloadbalancing restart
Modifying the Workload Balancing configuration options
To run the wlbconfig command
Editing the Workload Balancing configuration file
To edit the wlb.conf file
Increasing the Detail in the Workload Balancing Log