1419

8ABD D0 FD

 

 

BNE

PHAKE

 

1420

8ABF EA

 

 

 

NOP

 

 

1421

8AC0 4A

 

 

 

LSR

A

 

1422

8AC1 CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

 

1423

8AC2 D0 F0

 

 

BNE

OUTC

 

1424

8AC4 A5 F9

 

 

LDA

$F9

 

1425

8AC6 C9 0D

 

 

CMP

#$0D

;CARRIAGE RETURN?

1426

8AC8 F0 04

 

 

BEQ

GOPAD

;YES-PAD IT

1427

8ACA C9 0A

 

 

CMP

#$0A

;PAD LINE FEED TOO

1428

8ACC D0 03

 

 

BNE

LEAVE

 

1429

8ACE 20 32 8B

GOPAD

JSR

PAD

 

1430

8AD1 4C C4 81

LEAVE

JMP

RESALL

 

1431

8AD4 48

 

 

OUT

PHA

 

;TERMINAL BIT OUT

1432

8AD5 AD 02 A4

 

LDA

PBDA

 

1433

8AD8 29 0F

 

 

AND

#$0F

 

1434

8ADA 90 02

 

 

BCC

OUTONE

 

1435

8ADC 09 30

 

 

ORA

#$30

 

1436

8ADE 2D 54 A6

OUTONE AND

TOUTFL

;MASK OUTPUT

1437

8AE1 8D 02 A4

 

STA

PBDA

 

1438

8AE4 68

 

 

 

PLA

 

 

1439

8AE5 60

 

 

 

RTS

 

 

1440

8AE6

 

 

 

;

 

 

 

1441

8AE6 20 E9 8A

DLYF

JSR DLYH

;DELAY FULL

1442

8AE9 08

 

 

DLYH

PHP

 

;DELAY HALF

1443

8AEA 48

 

 

 

PHA

 

 

1444

8AEB 8A

 

 

 

TXA

 

 

1445

8AEC 48

 

 

 

PHA

 

 

1446

8AED 98

 

 

 

TYA

 

 

1447

8AEE AE 51 A6

 

LDX

SDBYT

 

1448

8AF1 A0 03

 

DLYX

LDY

#3

 

1449

8AF3 88

 

 

DLYY

DEY

 

 

1450

8AF4 D0 FD

 

 

BNE

DLYY

 

1451

8AF6 CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

 

1452

8AF7 D0 F8

 

 

BNE

DLYX

 

1453

8AF9 A8

 

 

 

TAY

 

 

1454

8AFA 68

 

 

 

PLA

 

 

1455

8AFB AA

 

 

 

TAX

 

 

1456

8AFC 68

 

 

 

PLA

 

 

1457

8AFD 28

 

 

 

PLP

 

 

1458

8AFE 60

 

 

 

RTS

 

 

1459

8AFF A9 00

 

BAUD

LDA

#0

;DETERMINE BAUD RATE ON PB7

1460

8B01

A8

 

 

 

TAY

 

 

1461

8B02

AD 02 A4

SEEK

LDA

PBDA

 

1462

8B05

0A

 

 

 

ASL

A

 

1463

8B06

B0

FA

 

 

BCS

SEEK

 

1464

8B08

20

27

8B

CLEAR

JSR

INK

 

1465

8B0B 90 FB

 

 

BCC

CLEAR

 

1466

8B0D 20 27 8B

SET

JSR

INK

 

1467

8B10

B0

FB

 

 

BCS

SET

 

1468

8B12

8C

51

A6

 

STY

SDBYT

 

1469

8B15

BD 63 8C

DEAF

LDA

DECPTS,X

 

1470

8B18

CD 51 A6

 

CMP

SDBYT

 

1471

8B1B B0 07

 

 

BCS

AGAIN

 

1472

8B1D BD 69 8C

 

LDA

STDVAL,X

;LOAD CLOSEST STD VALUE

1473

8B20

8D

51

A6

 

STA

SDBYT

 

1474

8B23

60

 

 

 

RTS

 

 

1475

8B24

E8

 

 

AGAIN

INX

 

 

1476

8B25

10

EE

 

 

BPL

DEAF

 

1477

8B27

C8

 

 

INK

INY

 

 

1478

8B28

A2

1C

 

 

LDX

#$1C

 

1479

8B2A CA

 

 

INK1

DEX

 

 

1480

8B2B D0 FD

 

 

BNE

INK1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 125
Image 125
Apple II manual Outone

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.