3318

F889

4C

7C

F8

 

JMP

CHN1

 

3319

F88C AD 29 A4

CHN2

LDA

STIY+2

;GET CHAR COUNT

3320

F88F 85 E9

 

 

STA

OLDLEN

;GET READY FOR REPLAC

3321

F891

AD 15 A4

 

LDA

CURPO2

;PNTR TO BEGINNING OF STRING

3322

F894

48

 

 

 

PHA

 

;SAVE IT

3323

F895

20

2A

F9

 

JSR

ADDA

;ADD TO NOWLN (LINE PNTR)

3324

F898

20

44

EB

 

JSR

CLR

;CLEAR DISP

3325

F89B A0 05

 

 

LDY

#M3-M1

;PRINT "TO"

3326

F89D 20 AF E7

 

JSR

KEP

 

3327

F8A0 A0 00

 

 

LDY

#0

 

3328

F8A2 20 7A F7

 

JSR IN02

;GET NEW STRING & REPLAC

3329

F8A5 68

 

 

 

PLA

 

 

3330

F8A6 AA

 

 

 

TAX

 

 

3331

F8A7 F0 06

 

 

BEQ

CHN4

 

3332

F8A9 20 1D F9

CHN3

JSR SUB

;RESTORE NOWLN WHERE IT WAS

3333

F8AC CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

 

3334

F8AD D0 FA

 

 

BNE

CHN3

 

3335

F8AF 4C 27 F7

CHN4

JMP PLNE

;DISPLAY THE CHANGED LINE

3336

F8B2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3337

F8B2

 

 

 

;THE FOLLOWING ARE SUBROUTINES USED BY COMMANDS

3338

F8B2 A9 01

 

CFLG

LDA

#1

;SET FLG FOR C COMMAND

3339

F8B4 D0 02

 

 

BNE

KI2

 

3340

F8B6 A9 00

 

KIFLG

LDA

#0

;CLR K OR I COMMAND FLG

3341

F8B8 8D 19 A4

KI2

STA

COUNT

 

3342

F8BB 60

 

 

 

RTS

 

 

3343

F8BC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3344

F8BC A5 E3

 

TOPNO

LDA TEXT

;SET CURRENT LINE TO TOP

3345

F8BE A6 E4

 

 

LDX

TEXT+1

 

3346

F8C0 85 DF

 

TPO1

STA

NOWLN

 

3347

F8C2 86 E0

 

 

STX

NOWLN+1

 

3348

F8C4 60

 

 

 

RTS

 

 

3349

F8C5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3350

F8C5 A5 E1

 

SETBOT LDA BOTLN

;SET CURRENT LINE TO BOTTOM

3351

F8C7 A6 E2

 

 

LDX

BOTLN+1

 

3352

F8C9 85 E7

 

 

STA

SAVE

 

3353

F8CB 86 E8

 

 

STX

SAVE+1

 

3354

F8CD 4C C0 F8

 

JMP

TPO1

 

3355

F8D0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3356

F8D0 AD 1C A4

RESNOW LDA ADDR

;RESTORE CURRENT LINE ADDRESS

3357

F8D3 85 DF

 

 

STA NOWLN

 

3358

F8D5 AD 1D A4

 

LDA ADDR+1

 

3359

F8D8 85 E0

 

 

STA NOWLN+1

 

3360

F8DA 60

 

 

 

RTS

 

 

3361

F8DB

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3362

F8DB

 

 

 

; SEE IF CURRENT LINE AT TOP (C SET IF SO)

3363

F8DB A5 DF

 

ATTOP

LDA NOWLN

 

3364

F8DD C5 E3

 

 

CMP TEXT

 

3365

F8DF D0 16

 

 

BNE AT01

 

3366

F8E1 A5 E0

 

 

LDA NOWLN+1

 

3367

F8E3 C5 E4

 

 

CMP TEXT+1

 

3368

F8E5 D0 10

 

 

BNE AT01

 

3369

F8E7 38

 

 

 

SEC

 

 

3370

F8E8 60

 

 

 

RTS

 

 

3371

F8E9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3372

F8E9

 

 

 

; SEE IF CURRENT LINE AT BOTTOM (C SET IF SO)

3373

F8E9 A5 DF

 

ATBOT

LDA NOWLN

 

3374

F8EB A6 E0

 

 

LDX NOWLN+1

 

3375

F8ED C5 E1

 

 

CMP BOTLN

 

3376

F8EF D0 06

 

 

BNE AT01

 

3377

F8F1 E4 E2

 

 

CPX BOTLN+1

 

3378

F8F3 D0 02

 

 

BNE AT01

 

3379

F8F5 38

 

 

AT02

SEC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 195
Image 195
Apple II manual JMP CHN1

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.