0914

E569

D0

03

 

 

BNE

*+5

 

0915

E56B EE 07 01

 

INC

S2+1

 

0916

E56E 60

 

 

 

RTS

 

 

0917

E56F

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0918

E56F

 

 

 

;OPEN A FILE FOR OUTPUT TO TAPE BY BLOCKS

0919

E56F

 

 

 

;OUTPUT FILENAME GIVEN BY JSR WHEREO TO TAPE BUFF

0920

E56F A2 00

 

DUMPTA LDX

#0

;INITIALIZE TAPTR

0921

E571

8A

 

 

 

TXA

 

;TO OUTPUT

0922

E572

8E

68

01

 

STX

BLKO

;BLOCK COUNTER

0923

E575

8E

37

A4

 

STX

TAPTR2

;TAP OUTPUT BUFF PTR

0924

E578

20

8B

F1

 

JSR

TOBYTE

;TWO START OF FILE CHRS

0925

E57B BD 2E A4

DUMPT1 LDA

NAME,X

;OUTPUT FILENAME

0926

E57E 20 8B F1

 

JSR

TOBYTE

 

0927

E581

E8

 

 

 

INX

 

 

0928

E582

E0

05

 

 

CPX

#5

 

0929

E584

D0

F5

 

 

BNE DUMPT1

;5 FILENAME CHRS ?

0930

E586

60

 

 

 

RTS

 

 

0931

E587

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0932

E587

 

 

 

;DUMP ROUTINE TO TAPE WITH KIM-1 FORMAT

0933

E587

20

1D

F2

DUMPKI JSR TAOSET

;SET TAPE FOR OUTPUT

0934

E58A A9 2A

 

 

LDA #'*'

;TO EITHER 1 OR 2

0935

E58C 20 4A F2

 

JSR OUTTAP

;DIRECTLY TO TAPE

0936

E58F

 

 

 

;ID FROM LAST 2 CHRS OF FILENAME

0937

E58F 20 25 E4

 

JSR

GETID

 

0938

E592

20

3B

E5

 

JSR

OUTCK1

 

0939

E595

20

4D

EB

 

JSR

CLRCK

 

0940

E598

 

 

 

;STARTING ADDR

 

0941

E598

AD 1A A4

 

LDA

S1

 

0942

E59B 20 38 E5

 

JSR

OUTCK

;WITH CHCKSUM

0943

E59E AD 1B A4

 

LDA

S1+1

 

0944

E5A1 20 38 E5

 

JSR

OUTCK

 

0945

E5A4

 

 

 

;OUTPUT DATA

 

0946

E5A4 20 31 E5

DUK2

JSR OUTCKS

;OUTPUT CHR SPECIFIED BY S1+1,S1

0947

E5A7 20 5D E5

 

JSR ADDS1

;INCREM S1+1,S1

0948

E5AA AD 1A A4

 

LDA

S1

;CHCK FOR LAST BYTE

0949

E5AD CD 1C A4

 

CMP

ADDR

;LSB OF END ADDR

0950

E5B0 AD 1B A4

 

LDA

S1+1

 

0951

E5B3 ED 1D A4

 

SBC

ADDR+1

 

0952

E5B6 90 EC

 

 

BCC

DUK2

;NEXT CHR

0953

E5B8

 

 

 

;NOW SEND END CHR "/"

 

0954

E5B8 A9 2F

 

 

LDA

#'/'

 

0955

E5BA 20 4A F2

 

JSR OUTTAP

;DIRECTLY TO TAPE

0956

E5BD

 

 

 

;CHECKSUM

 

 

0957

E5BD AD 1E A4

 

LDA

CKSUM

 

0958

E5C0 20 46 EA

 

JSR

NUMA

;ASCII REPRES

0959

E5C3 AD 1F A4

 

LDA

CKSUM+1

 

0960

E5C6 20 46 EA

 

JSR

NUMA

 

0961

E5C9

 

 

 

;TWO EOT CHRS

 

0962

E5C9 A9 04

 

 

LDA

#$04

 

0963

E5CB 20 4A F2

 

JSR

OUTTAP

 

0964

E5CE 20 4A F2

 

JSR

OUTTAP

 

0965

E5D1

 

 

 

;TURN TAPES ON

 

0966

E5D1 4C 20 E5

 

JMP

DU13

 

0967

E5D4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0968

E5D4

 

 

 

;***** * COMMAND-ALTER PROGRAM COUNTER *****

0969

E5D4 20 AE EA

CGPC

JSR ADDIN

;ADDR <=ADDRESS ENTERED FROM KB

0970

E5D7 20 DD E5

CGPC0

JSR CGPC1

;TRANSFER ADDR TO SAVPC

0971

E5DA 4C 13 EA

 

JMP

CRLOW

 

0972

E5DD AD 1D A4

CGPC1

LDA

ADDR+1

;THIS WAY MNEMONICS CAN USE IT

0973

E5E0 8D 26 A4

 

STA

SAVPC+1

 

0974

E5E3 AD 1C A4

 

LDA

ADDR

 

0975

E5E6 8D 25 A4

 

STA

SAVPC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 155
Image 155
Apple II manual Dumpta LDX, DUMPT1 LDA

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.