F717: A5 00

119

STAT

LDA

R0L

 

F719: 81 00

120

STAT2

STA

(R0L,X)

;STORE BYTE INDIRECT

F71B: A0 00

121

 

LDY

#$0

 

F71D: 84 1D

122

STAT3

STY

R14H

;INDICATE R0 IS RESULT NEG

F71F: F6 00

123

INR

INC

R0L,X

 

F721: D0 02

124

 

BNE

INR2

;INCR RX

F723: F6 01

125

 

INC

R0H,X

 

F725: 60

126

INR2

RTS

 

 

F726: A1 00

127

LDAT

LDA

(R0L,X)

;LOAD INDIRECT (RX)

F728: 85 00

128

 

STA

R0L

;TO R0

F72A: A0 00

129

 

LDY

#$0

 

F72C: 84 01

130

 

STY

R0H

;ZERO HIGH-ORDER R0 BYTE

F72E: F0 ED

131

 

BEQ

STAT3

;ALWAYS TAKEN

F730: A0 00

132

POP

LDY

#$0

;HIGH ORDER BYTE = 0

F732: F0 06

133

 

BEQ

POP2

;ALWAYS TAKEN

F734: 20 66 F7

134

POPD

JSR

DCR

;DECR RX

F737: A1 00

135

 

LDA

(R0L,X)

;POP HIGH ORDER BYTE @RX

F739: A8

136

 

TAY

 

;SAVE IN Y-REG

F73A: 20 66 F7

137

POP2

JSR

DCR

;DECR RX

F73D: A1 00

138

 

LDA

(R0L,X)

;LOW-ORDER BYTE

F73F: 85 00

139

 

STA

R0L

;TO R0

F741: 84 01

140

 

STY

R0H

 

F743: A0 00

141

POP3

LDY

#$0

;INDICATE R0 AS LAST RESULT REG

F745: 84 1D

142

 

STY

R14H

 

F747: 60

143

 

RTS

 

 

F748: 20 26 F7

144

LDDAT

JSR

LDAT

;LOW-ORDER BYTE TO R0, INCR RX

F74B: A1 00

145

 

LDA

(R0L,X)

;HIGH-ORDER BYTE TO R0

F74D: 85 01

146

 

STA

R0H

 

F74F: 4C 1F F7

147

 

JMP

INR

;INCR RX

F752: 20 17 F7

148

STDAT

JSR

STAT

;STORE INDIRECT LOW-ORDER

F755: A5 01

149

 

LDA

R0H

;BYTE AND INCR RX. THEN

F757: 81 00

150

 

STA

(R0L,X)

;STORE HIGH-ORDER BYTE.

F759: 4C 1F F7

151

 

JMP

INR

;INCR RX AND RETURN

F75C: 20 66 F7

152

STPAT

JSR

DCR

;DECR RX

F75F: A5 00

153

 

LDA

R0L

 

F761: 81 00

154

 

STA

(R0L,X)

;STORE R0 LOW BYTE @RX

F763: 4C 43 F7

155

 

JMP

POP3

;INDICATE R0 AS LAST RSLT REG

F766: B5 00

156

DCR

LDA

R0L,X

 

F768: D0 02

157

 

BNE

DCR2

;DECR RX

F76A: D6 01

158

 

DEC

R0H,X

 

F76C: D6 00

159

DCR2

DEC

R0L,X

 

F76E: 60

160

 

RTS

 

 

F76F: A0 00

161

SUB

LDY

#$0

;RESULT TO R0

F771: 38

162

CPR

SEC

 

;NOTE Y-REG = 13*2 FOR CPR

F772: A5 00

163

 

LDA

R0L

 

F774: F5 00

164

 

SBC

R0L,X

 

F776: 99 00 00

165

 

STA

R0L,Y

;R0-RX TO RY

F779: A5 01

166

 

LDA

R0H

 

F77B: F5 01

167

 

SBC

R0H,X

 

F77D: 99 01 00

168

SUB2

STA

R0H,Y

 

F780: 98

169

 

TYA

 

;LAST RESULT REG*2

F781: 69 00

170

 

ADC

#$0

;CARRY TO LSB

F783: 85 1D

171

 

STA

R14H

 

F785: 60

172

 

RTS

 

 

F786: A5 00

173

ADD

LDA

R0L

 

F788: 75 00

174

 

ADC

R0L,X

 

F78A: 85 00

175

 

STA

R0L

;R0+RX TO R0

F78C: A5 01

176

 

LDA

R0H

 

F78E: 75 01

177

 

ADC

R0H,X

 

F790: A0 00

178

 

LDY

#$0

;R0 FOR RESULT

F792: F0 E9

179

 

BEQ

SUB2

;FINISH ADD

F794: A5 1E

180

BS

LDA

R15L

;NOTE X-REG IS 12*2!

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 41
Image 41
Apple II manual Stat LDA R0L

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.