*

COMMON LOG OF MANT/EXP1 RESULT IN MANT/EXP1

 

 

 

 

*

 

 

 

1DBC

20

00

1D

LOG10

JSR LOG

COMPUTE NATURAL LOG

1DBF

A2

03

 

 

LDX =3

 

 

1DC1

BD CD 1D

L10

LDA LN10,X

 

 

1DC4

95

04

 

 

STA X2,X

LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH 1/LN(10)

1DC6

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

 

1DC7

10

F8

 

 

BPL L10

 

 

1DC9

20

77

1F

 

JSR FMUL

LOG10(X)=LN(X)/LN(10)

1DCC

60

 

 

 

RTS

 

 

 

 

 

 

*

 

 

 

1DCD

7E

6F

 

LN10

DCM 0.4342945

 

 

2D

ED

 

 

 

 

 

1DD1

80

5A

 

R22

DCM 1.4142136

SQRT(2)

 

02

7A

 

 

 

 

 

1DD5

7F

58

 

LE2

DCM 0.69314718

LOG BASE E OF 2

 

B9

0C

 

 

 

 

 

1DD9

80

52

 

A1

DCM 1.2920074

 

 

80

40

 

 

 

 

 

1DDD

81

AB

 

MB

DCM -2.6398577

 

 

86

49

 

 

 

 

 

1DE1

80

6A

 

C

DCM 1.6567626

 

 

08

66

 

 

 

 

 

1DE5

7F

40

 

MHLF

DCM 0.5

 

 

 

00

00

 

*

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1E00

 

 

 

*

ORG $1E00

STARTING LOCATION FOR EXP

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*

EXP OF MANT/EXP1 RESULT IN MANT/EXP1

 

 

 

 

*

 

 

 

1E00

A2

03

 

EXP

LDX =3

4 BYTE TRANSFER

1E02

BD D8 1E

 

LDA L2E,X

 

 

1E05

95

04

 

 

STA X2,X

LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH LOG BASE 2 OF E

1E07

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

 

1E08

10

F8

 

 

BPL EXP+2

 

 

1E0A

20

77

1F

 

JSR FMUL

LOG2(3)*X

1E0D

A2

03

 

 

LDX =3

4 BYTE TRANSFER

1E0F

B5

08

 

FSA

LDA X1,X

 

 

1E11

95

10

 

 

STA Z,X

STORE EXP/MANT1 IN Z

1E13

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

 

1E14

10

F9

 

 

BPL FSA

SAVE Z=LN(2)*X

1E16

20

E8

1F

 

JSR FIX

CONVERT CONTENTS OF EXP/MANT1 TO AN INTEGER

1E19

A5

0A

 

 

LDA M1+1

 

 

1E1B

85

1C

 

 

STA INT

SAVE RESULT AS INT

1E1D

38

 

 

 

SEC

SET CARRY FOR SUBTRACTION

1E1E

E9

7C

 

 

SBC =124

INT-124

1E20

A5

09

 

 

LDA M1

 

 

1E22

E9

00

 

 

SBC =0

 

 

1E24

10

15

 

 

BPL OVFLW

OVERFLOW INT>=124

1E26

18

 

 

 

CLC

CLEAR CARRY FOR ADD

1E27

A5

0A

 

 

LDA M1+1

 

 

1E29

69

78

 

 

ADC =120

ADD 120 TO INT

1E2B

A5

09

 

 

LDA M1

 

 

1E2D

69

00

 

 

ADC =0

 

 

1E2F

10

0B

 

 

BPL CONTIN

IF RESULT POSITIVE CONTINUE

1E31

A9

00

 

 

LDA =0

INT<-120 SET RESULT TO ZERO AND RETURN

1E33

A2

03

 

 

LDX =3

4 BYTE MOVE

1E35

95

08

 

ZERO

STA X1,X

SET EXP/MANT1 TO ZERO

1E37

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

 

1E38

10

FB

 

 

BPL ZERO

 

 

1E3A

60

 

 

*

RTS

RETURN

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 85
Image 85
Apple II manual Common LOG of MANT/EXP1 Result in MANT/EXP1

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.