Inputs a single character from the keyboard.

 

If data is at the keyboard, it is put in the

 

variable specified in the GET statement.

 

If no data is available, the BASIC program

 

will continue execution.

 

GET can only be used as an indirect

 

command.

STATEMENT

SYNTAX/FUNCTION

LEFT$

LEFT$ (string expression, length)

 

Gives the leftmost I characters of the string

 

expression X$. If I<=0 or >255 an FC

 

error occurs.

STATEMENT

SYNTAX/FUNCTION

LEN

LEN (string expression)

 

Gives the length of the string expression X$

 

in characters (bytes). Non-printing charac-

 

ters and blanks are counted as part of the

 

length.

STATEMENT

SYNTAX/FUNCTION

MID$

MID$ [string expression, start [, length])

 

MID$ called with two arguments returns

 

characters from the string expression X$

 

starting at character position I. If

 

I>LEN(X$), then MID$ returns a null

 

(zero length) string. If I<=0 or >255,

 

an FC error occurs,

 

MID$ called with three arguments returns

 

a string expression composed of the

 

characters of the string expression X$

 

starting at the Ith character for J characters.

 

If I>LEN(X$), MID$ returns a null string.

 

If I or J <=0 or >255, an FC error occurs.

 

If J specifies more characters than are left

 

in the string, all characters from the Ith on

 

are returned.

STATEMENT

SYNTAX/FUNCTION

RIGHT$

RIGHT$ (string expression, length)

 

Gives the rightmost I characters of the

 

string expression X$. When I<=0 or

 

>255 an FC error will occur. If

 

I>=LEN(X$) then RIGHT$ returns all

 

of X$.

STATEMENT

SYNTAX/FUNCTION

STR$

STR$ (expression)

 

Gives a string which is the character repre-

 

sentation of the numeric expression X.

 

For instance, STR$(3.1)="3.1."

STATEMENT

SYNTAX/FUNCTION

VAL

VAL (string expression)

 

Returns the string expression X$ converted

 

to a number. For instance.

 

VAL("3.1")=3.1. If the first non-space

 

character of the string is not a plus (+) or

 

minus (-) sign; a digit or a decimal point (.)

 

then zero will be returned.

EXAMPLE

310 PRINT LEFT$(X$,I)

EXAMPLE

220 PRINT LEN(X$)

EXAMPLE

330 PRINT MID$(X$,I)

340 PRINT MID$(X$, I,J)

EXAMPLE

320 PRINT RIGHT$ (X$,I)

EXAMPLE

290 PRINT STR$(X)

EXAMPLE

280 PRINT VAL(X$)

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Image 245
Apple II manual Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$, Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEN, Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.