FF24: 90 F0

1015

 

BCC

RD3

;LOOP UNTIL DONE

FF26: 20 EC FC

1016

 

JSR

RDBYTE

;READ CHKSUM BYTE

FF29: C5 2E

1017

 

CMP

CHKSUM

 

 

FF2B: F0 0D

1018

 

BEQ

BELL

;GOOD, SOUND BELL AND RETURN

FF2D: A9 C5

1019

PRERR

LDA

#$C5

 

 

FF2F: 20 ED FD

1020

 

JSR

COUT

;PRINT "ERR", THEN BELL

FF32: A9 D2

1021

 

LDA

#$D2

 

 

FF34: 20 ED FD

1022

 

JSR

COUT

 

 

FF37: 20 ED FD

1023

 

JSR

COUT

 

 

FF3A: A9 87

1024

BELL

LDA

#$87

;OUTPUT BELL AND RETURN

FF3C: 4C ED FD

1025

 

JMP

COUT

 

 

FF3F: A5 48

1026

RESTORE

LDA

STATUS

;RESTORE 6502 REG CONTENTS

FF41: 48

1027

 

PHA

 

;

USED BY DEBUG SOFTWARE

FF42: A5 45

1028

 

LDA

ACC

 

 

FF44: A6 46

1029

RESTR1

LDX

XREG

 

 

FF46: A4 47

1030

 

LDY

YREG

 

 

FF48: 28

1031

 

PLP

 

 

 

FF49: 60

1032

 

RTS

 

 

 

FF4A: 85 45

1033

SAVE

STA

ACC

;SAVE 6502 REG CONTENTS

FF4C: 86 46

1034

SAV1

STX

XREG

 

 

FF4E: 84 47

1035

 

STY

YREG

 

 

FF50: 08

1036

 

PHP

 

 

 

FF51: 68

1037

 

PLA

 

 

 

FF52: 85 48

1038

 

STA

STATUS

 

 

FF54: BA

1039

 

TSX

 

 

 

FF55: 86 49

1040

 

STX

SPNT

 

 

FF57: D8

1041

 

CLD

 

 

 

FF58: 60

1042

 

RTS

 

 

 

FF59: 20 84 FE

1043

RESET

JSR

SETNORM

;SET SCREEN MODE

FF5C: 20 2F FB

1044

 

JSR

INIT

;

AND INIT KBD/SCREEN

FF5F: 20 93 FE

1045

 

JSR

SETVID

;

AS I/O DEV'S

FF62: 20 89 FE

1046

 

JSR

SETKBD

 

 

FF65: D8

1047

MON

CLD

 

;MUST SET HEX MODE!

FF66: 20 3A FF

1048

 

JSR

BELL

 

 

FF69: A9 AA

1049

MONZ

LDA

#$AA

;'*' PROMPT FOR MON

FF6B: 85 33

1050

 

STA

PROMPT

 

 

FF6D: 20 67 FD

1051

 

JSR

GETLNZ

;READ A LINE

FF70: 20 C7 FF

1052

 

JSR

ZMODE

;CLEAR MON MODE, SCAN IDX

FF73: 20 A7 FF

1053

NXTITM

JSR

GETNUM

;GET ITEM, NON-HEX

FF76: 84 34

1054

 

STY

YSAV

;

CHAR IN A-REG

FF78: A0 17

1055

 

LDY

#$17

;

X-REG=0 IF NO HEX INPUT

FF7A: 88

1056

CHRSRCH

DEY

 

 

 

FF7B: 30 E8

1057

 

BMI

MON

;NOT FOUND, GO TO MON

FF7D: D9 CC FF

1058

 

CMP

CHRTBL,Y

;FIND CMND CHAR IN TEL

FF80: D0 F8

1059

 

BNE

CHRSRCH

 

 

FF82: 20 BE FF

1060

 

JSR

TOSUB

;FOUND, CALL CORRESPONDING

FF85: A4 34

1061

 

LDY

YSAV

;

SUBROUTINE

FF87: 4C 73 FF

1062

 

JMP

NXTITM

 

 

FF8A: A2 03

1063

DIG

LDX

#$03

 

 

FF8C: 0A

1064

 

ASL

 

 

 

FF8D: 0A

1065

 

ASL

 

;GOT HEX DIG,

FF8E: 0A

1066

 

ASL

 

;

SHIFT INTO A2

FF8F: 0A

1067

 

ASL

 

 

 

FF90: 0A

1068

NXTBIT

ASL

 

 

 

FF91: 26 3E

1069

 

ROL

A2L

 

 

FF93: 26 3F

1070

 

ROL

A2H

 

 

FF95: CA

1071

 

DEX

 

;LEAVE X=$FF IF DIG

FF96: 10 F8

1072

 

BPL

NXTBIT

 

 

FF98: A5 31

1073

NXTBAS

LDA

MODE

 

 

FF9A: D0 06

1074

 

BNE

NXTBS2

;IF MODE IS ZERO

FF9C: B5 3F

1075

 

LDA

A2H,X

; THEN COPY A2 TO

FF9E: 95 3D

1076

 

STA

A1H,X

; A1 AND A3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 36
Image 36
Apple II manual BCC RD3 Loop Until Done

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.