TOGTA1 LDA

1038	E64F 20 13 EA					JSR	CRLOW
1039	E652	20	3E	E8	SH1	JSR	BLANK
1040	E655	BE 00 01				LDX	BKS,Y	;ADDRESS OF NEXT BREAKPOINT
1041	E658	B9	01	01		LDA	BKS+1,Y
1042	E65B 20 42 EA					JSR WRAX		;SHOW BREAKPOINT ADDRESS
1043	E65E C8					INY
1044	E65F C8					INY
1045	E660	C0	08			CPY	#8
1046	E662	D0	EE			BNE	SH1
1047	E664	60				RTS
1048	E665
1049	E665				;*** H COMMAND-SHOW TRACE STACK HISTORY ***
1050	E665				;LAST FIVE		INSTR ADDRS
1051	E665	A2	05		SHIS	LDX	#5	;NUMBER OF ENTRIES
1052	E667	8E	29	A4		STX	STIY+2
1053	E66A AC 14 A4				SH11	LDY	HISTP	;POINTER TO LATEST ENTRY
1054	E66D 20 13 EA					JSR	CRLOW
1055	E670	20	3E	E8		JSR	BLANK
1056	E673	B9	2E	A4		LDA	HIST,Y	;OUTPUT ADDRESS OF ENTRY
1057	E676	20	46	EA		JSR	NUMA
1058	E679	B9	2F	A4		LDA	HIST+1,Y
1059	E67C 20 46 EA					JSR	NUMA
1060	E67F 20 88 E6					JSR	NHIS	;UPDATE POINTER
1061	E682	CE 29 A4				DEC	STIY+2
1062	E685	D0	E3			BNE	SH11
1063	E687	60				RTS
1064	E688
1065	E688				;UPDATE HISTORY POINTER (PART OF H)
1066	E688	C8			NHIS	INY
1067	E689	C8				INY
1068	E68A C0 0A					CPY	#10
1069	E68C D0 02					BNE	NH1
1070	E68E A0 00					LDY	#0	;WRAPAROUND AT 10
1071	E690	8C	14	A4	NH1	STY	HISTP
1072	E693	60				RTS
1073	E694
1074	E694				;*****	3 COMMAND-VERIFY TAPES *****
1075	E694				;VERIFY CKSUM OF BLOCKS
1076	E694	20	48	E8	VECKSM JSR WHEREI			;GET THE FILE
1077	E697	20	93	E9		JSR INALL		;CHCK OBJ OR SOURCE
1078	E69A C9 0D					CMP #CR		;FIRST CHR IS <CR> IF OBJ
1079	E69C D0 0E					BNE VECK2		;ASSUME SOURCE CODE
1080	E69E 20 93 E9				VECK1	JSR INALL		;OBJECT FILE
1081	E6A1 C9 3B					CMP	#SEMICOLON
1082	E6A3 D0 F9					BNE	VECK1	;IGNORE ALL CHARS BEFORE ';'
1083	E6A5 20 93 E9					JSR	INALL
1084	E6A8 4C 60 FF					JMP	PAT20
1085	E6AB EA					NOP
1086	E6AC 20 93 E9				VECK2	JSR INALL		;IT IS TEXT
1087	E6AF C9 0D					CMP	#CR
1088	E6B1 D0 F9					BNE	VECK2
1089	E6B3 20 93 E9					JSR	INALL	;NEED TO <CR> TO FINISH
1090	E6B6 C9 0D					CMP	#CR
1091	E6B8 D0 F2					BNE	VECK2
1092	E6BA 4C 20 E5					JMP DU13		;CLOSE FILE, IT IS OKAY
1093	E6BD
1094	E6BD				;*****	1 COMMAND-TOGGLE TAPE 1 CONTROL *****
1095	E6BD AD 00 A8				TOGTA1 LDA		DRB
1096	E6C0 49 10					EOR	#$10	;INVERT PB4
1097	E6C2 8D 00 A8					STA	DRB
1098	E6C5 29 10					AND	#$10
1099	E6C7 F0 28					BEQ	BRK3	;IF 0 TAPE CNTRL IS ON

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.

Apple II manual TOGTA1 LDA

Models: II

CMP

CMP

CMP

EOR

II specifications