M2MHL

101	1D5D	10	F7			BPL MIT
102	1D5F	20	77	1F		JSR FMUL		T*T
103	1D62	20	1C	1F		JSR SWAP		MOVE T*T TO EXP/MANT2
104	1D65	A2	03			LDX =3		4 BYTE TRANSFER
105	1D67	BD E4 1D			MIC	LDA C,X
106	1D6A	95	08			STA X1,X		LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH C
107	1D6C	CA				DEX
108	1D6D	10	F8			BPL MIC
109	1D6F	20	4A	1F		JSR FSUB		T*T-C
110	1D72	A2	03			LDX =3		4 BYTE TRANSFER
111	1D74	BD E0 1D			M2MB	LDA MB,X
112	1D77	95	04			STA X2,X		LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH MB
113	1D79	CA				DEX
114	1D7A	10	F8			BPL M2MB
115	1D7C	20	9D	1F		JSR FDIV		MB/(T*T-C)
116	1D7F	A2	03			LDX =3
117	1D81	BD DC 1D			M2A1	LDA A1,X
118	1D84	95	04			STA X2,X		LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH A1
119	1D86	CA				DEX
120	1D87	10	F8			BPL M2A1
121	1D89	20	50	1F		JSR FADD		MB/(T*T-C)+A1
122	1D8C	A2	03			LDX =3		4 BYTE TRANSFER
123	1D8E	B5	14		M2T	LDA T,X
124	1D90	95	04			STA X2,X		LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH T
125	1D92	CA				DEX
126	1D93	10	F9			BPL M2T
127	1D95	20	77	1F		JSR FMUL		(MB/(TT-C)+A1)T
128	1D98	A2	03			LDX =3		4 BYTE TRANSFER
129	1D9A	BD E8 1D			M2MHL	LDA MHLF,X
130	1D9D	95	04			STA X2,X		LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH MHLF (.5)
131	1D9F	CA				DEX
132	1DA0	10	F8			BPL M2MHL
133	1DA2	20	50	1F		JSR FADD		+.5
134	1DA5	A2	03			LDX =3		4 BYTE TRANSFER
135	1DA7	B5	18		LDEXP	LDA SEXP,X
136	1DA9	95	04			STA X2,X		LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH ORIGINAL EXPONENT
137	1DAB	CA				DEX
138	1DAC	10	F9			BPL LDEXP
139	1DAE	20	50	1F		JSR FADD		+EXPN
140	1DB1	A2	03			LDX =3		4 BYTE TRANSFER
141	1DB3	BD D8 1D			MLE2	LDA LE2,X
142	1DB6	95	04			STA X2,X		LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH LN(2)
143	1DB8	CA				DEX
144	1DB9	10	F8			BPL MLE2
145	1DBB	20	77	1F		JSR FMUL		*LN(2)
146	1DBE	60				RTS		RETURN RESULT IN MANT/EXP1
147					*
148					*	COMMON LOG OF MANT/EXP1 RESULT IN MANT/EXP1
149					*
150	1DBF	20	00	1D	LOG10	JSR LOG		COMPUTE NATURAL LOG
151	1DC2	A2	03			LDX =3
152	1DC4	BD D0 1D			L10	LDA LN10,X
153	1DC7	95	04			STA X2,X		LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH 1/LN(10)
154	1DC9	CA				DEX
155	1DCA	10	F8			BPL L10
156	1DCC	20	77	1F		JSR FMUL		LOG10(X)=LN(X)/LN(10)
157	1DCF	60				RTS
158					*
159	1DD0	7E	6F		LN10	DCM	0.4342945
		2D	ED
160	1DD4	80	5A		R22	DCM	1.4142136 SQRT(2)
		82	7A

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.

Apple II manual M2MHL

Models: II

COMMON LOG OF MANT/EXP1 RESULT IN MANT/EXP1

II specifications