PRINT commands will be directed to the display only. If the printer is turned on, all commands and data from PRINT commands will be directed to both the printer and display. With the printer off, data can still be directed to the printer by using the PRINT) command (see Subject 305).

Similarly, INPUT statements will output data to the printer in response to the printer control state. An INPUT! statement will output data to the printer even if the printer control is off (see

Subject 305).

200GETTING STARTED WITH BASIC

201BASIC COMMAND SET

This section is not intended to be a detailed course in BASIC programming. It will, however, serve as an excellent introduction for those of you unfamiliar with the language.

We recommend that you try each example in this section as it is presented. This will enhance your "feel" for BASIC and how it is used. Table 201-1 lists all the AIM 65 BASIC commands.

NOTE

Any time the cursor (^) is displayed in column 1 a BASIC command may be typed in. End all commands to BASIC by typing RETURN. The RETURN tells BASIC that you have finished typing the command. If you make an error, type a DEL (RUBOUT on a TTY) to eliminate the

last character. Repeated use of DEL will eliminate previous characters. An @ symbol will eliminate that entire line being typed.

Table 201.1. AIM 65 BASIC Commands

Commands

Input/Output

--------

------------

CLEAR

DATA

CONT

GET

FRE

INPUT

LIST

POS

LOAD

PRINT

NEW

READ

PEEK

SPC

POKE

TAB

RUN

 

SAVE

String Functions

 

 

----------------

Program Statements

ASC

------------------

CHR$

DEF FN

LEFT$

DIM

LEN

END

MID$

FOR

RIGHT$

GOSUB

STR$

GOTO

VAL

IF...GOTO

 

IF...THEN

 

LET

Arithmetic Functions

NEXT

--------------------

ON...GOSUB

ABS

ON...GOTO

ATN*

REM

COS

RESTORE

EXP

RETURN

INT

STOP

LOG

USR

RND

WAIT

SIN

 

SGN

 

SQR

 

TAN

 

 

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Apple II manual Getting Started with Basic Basic Command SET, Asc, Chr$

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.