1D3D

95

04

 

 

STA X2,X

 

1D3F

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

1D40

10

F0

 

 

BPL SAVET

 

1D42

20

50

1F

 

JSR FADD

Z+SQRT(2)

1D45

A2

03

 

 

LDX =3

4 BYTE TRANSFER

1D47

B5

14

 

TM2

LDA T,X

 

1D49

95

04

 

 

STA X2,X

LOAD T INTO EXP/MANT2

1D4B

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

1D4C

10

F9

 

 

BPL TM2

 

1D4E

20

9D

1F

 

JSR FDIV

T=(Z-SQRT(2))/(Z+SQRT(2))

1D51

A2

03

 

 

LDX =3

4 BYTE TRANSFER

1D53

B5

08

 

MIT

LDA X1,X

 

1D55

95

14

 

 

STA T,X

COPY EXP/MANT1 TO T AND

1D57

95

04

 

 

STA X2,X

LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH T

1D59

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

1D5A

10

F7

 

 

BPL MIT

 

1D5C

20

77

1F

 

JSR FMUL

T*T

1D5F

20

1C

1F

 

JSR SWAP

MOVE T*T TO EXP/MANT2

1D62

A2

03

 

 

LDX =3

4 BYTE TRANSFER

1D64

BD E1 1D

MIC

LDA C,X

 

1D67

95

08

 

 

STA X1,X

LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH C

1D69

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

1D6A

10

F8

 

 

BPL MIC

 

1D6C

20

4A

1F

 

JSR FSUB

T*T-C

1D6F

A2

03

 

 

LDX =3

4 BYTE TRANSFER

1D71

BD DD 1D

M2MB

LDA MB,X

 

1D74

95

04

 

 

STA X2,X

LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH MB

1D76

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

1D77

10

F8

 

 

BPL M2MB

 

1D79

20

9D

1F

 

JSR FDIV

MB/(T*T-C)

1D7C

A2

03

 

 

LDX =3

 

1D7E

BD D9 1D

M2A1

LDA A1,X

 

1D81

95

04

 

 

STA X2,X

LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH A1

1D83

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

1D84

10

F8

 

 

BPL M2A1

 

1D86

20

50

1F

 

JSR FADD

MB/(T*T-C)+A1

1D89

A2

03

 

 

LDX =3

4 BYTE TRANSFER

1D8B

B5

14

 

M2T

LDA T,X

 

1D8D

95

04

 

 

STA X2,X

LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH T

1D8F

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

1D90

10

F9

 

 

BPL M2T

 

1D92

20

77

1F

 

JSR FMUL

(MB/(T*T-C)+A1)*T

1D95

A2

03

 

 

LDX =3

4 BYTE TRANSFER

1D97

BD E5 1D

M2MHL

LDA MHLF,X

 

1D9A

95

04

 

 

STA X2,X

LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH MHLF (.5)

1D9C

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

1D9D

10

F8

 

 

BPL M2MHL

 

1D9F

20

50

1F

 

JSR FADD

+.5

1DA2

A2

03

 

 

LDX =3

4 BYTE TRANSFER

1DA4

B5

18

 

LDEXP

LDA SEXP,X

 

1DA6

95

04

 

 

STA X2,X

LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH ORIGINAL EXPONENT

1DA8

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

1DA9

10

F9

 

 

BPL LDEXP

 

1DAB

20

50

1F

 

JSR FADD

+EXPN

1DAE

A2

03

 

 

LDX =3

4 BYTE TRANSFER

1DB0

BD D5 1D

MLE2

LDA LE2,X

 

1DB3

95

04

 

 

STA X2,X

LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH LN(2)

1DB5

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

1DB6

10

F8

 

 

BPL MLE2

 

1DB8

20

77

1F

 

JSR FMUL

*LN(2)

1DBB

60

 

 

*

RTS

RETURN RESULT IN MANT/EXP1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 84
Image 84
Apple II manual STA X2,X

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.