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*WHEN THE NUMBER IS LESS THAN 2**(-128).

*EXPONENT: THE EXPONENT REPRESENTS POWERS OF TWO. THE

*REPRESENTATION IS 2'S COMPLIMENT EXCEPT THAT THE SIGN

*BIT (BIT 7) IS COMPLIMENTED. THIS ALLOWS DIRECT COMPARISON

*OF EXPONENTS FOR SIZE SINCE THEY ARE STORED IN INCREASING

*NUMERICAL SEQUENCE RANGING FROM $00 (-128) TO $FF (+127)

*($ MEANS NUMBER IS HEXADECIMAL).

*REPRESENTATION OF DECIMAL NUMBERS: THE PRESENT FLOATING

*POINT REPRESENTATION ALLOWS DECIMAL NUMBERS IN THE APPROXIMATE

*RANGE OF 10**(-38) THROUGH 10**(38) WITH 6 TO 7 SIGNIFICANT

*DIGITS.

				*
0003				*	ORG 3	SET BASE PAGE ADRESSES
0003					ORG 3	SET BASE PAGE ADRESSES
0003	EA			SIGN	NOP
0004	EA			X2	NOP	EXPONENT 2
0005	00	00	00	M2	BSS 3	MANTISSA 2
0008	EA			X1	NOP	EXPONENT 1
0009	00	00	00	M1	BSS 3	MANTISSA 1
000C				E	BSS 4	SCRATCH
0010				Z	BSS 4
0014				T	BSS 4
0018				SEXP	BSS 4
001C	00			INT	BSS 1
1D00				*	ORG $1D00	STARTING LOCATION FOR LOG
1D00					ORG $1D00	STARTING LOCATION FOR LOG
				*
				*
				*	NATURAL LOG OF MANT/EXP1 WITH RESULT IN MANT/EXP1
				*
1D00	A5	09		LOG	LDA M1
1D02	F0	02			BEQ ERROR
1D04	10	01			BPL CONT	IF ARG>0 OK
1D06	00			ERROR	BRK	ERROR ARG<=0
				*
1D07	20	1C	1F	CONT	JSR SWAP	MOVE ARG TO EXP/MANT2
1D0A	A5	04			LDA X2	HOLD EXPONENT
1D0C	A0	80			LDY =$80
1D0E	84	04			STY X2	SET EXPONENT 2 TO 0 ($80)
1D10	49	80			EOR =$80	COMPLIMENT SIGN BIT OF ORIGINAL EXPONENT
1D12	85	0A			STA M1+1	SET EXPONENT INTO MANTISSA 1 FOR FLOAT
1D14	A9	00			LDA =0
1D16	85	09			STA M1	CLEAR MSB OF MANTISSA 1
1D18	20	2C	1F		JSR FLOAT	CONVERT TO FLOATING POINT
1D1B	A2	03			LDX =3	4 BYTE TRANSFERS
1D1D	B5	04		SEXP1	LDA X2,X
1D1F	95	10			STA Z,X	COPY MANTISSA TO Z
1D21	B5	08			LDA X1,X
1D23	95	18			STA SEXP,X	SAVE EXPONENT IN SEXP
1D25	BD D1 1D				LDA R22,X	LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH SQRT(2)
1D28	95	08			STA X1,X
1D2A	CA				DEX
1D2B	10	F0			BPL SEXP1
1D2D	20	4A	1F		JSR FSUB	Z-SQRT(2)
1D30	A2	03			LDX =3	4 BYTE TRANSFER
1D32	B5	08		SAVET	LDA X1,X	SAVE EXP/MANT1 AS T
1D34	95	14			STA T,X
1D36	B5	10			LDA Z,X	LOAD EXP/MANT1 WITH Z
1D38	95	08			STA X1,X
1D3A	BD D1 1D				LDA R22,X	LOAD EXP/MANT2 WITH SQRT(2)

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.

Apple II manual ORG SET Base page Adresses

Models: II

ORG 3

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II specifications