command level and OK is typed.

 

Prints "BREAK IN LINE XXXX," where XXXX is the line

 

number of the next statement

to be executed.

 

There is no F1 key on a TTY. However, when TTY is being

 

used, the AIM 65's F1 key is operational and can be used.

: (colon)

A colon is used to separate statements on a line. Colons may

 

be used in direct and indirect statements. The only limit on

 

the number of statements per line is the line length. It is not

 

possible to GOTO or GOSUB to the middle of a line.

?Question marks are equivalent to PRINT. For instance, ? 2+2 is equivalent to PRINT 2+2. Question marks can also be used in indirect statements. 10 ? X, when listed, will be typed as 10 PRINT X.

$

A dollar

sign

($) suffix on a variable name establishes the

 

variable

as a

character string.

%A percent sign (%) suffix on a variable name establishes the variable as an integer

!An exclamation sign (!) suffix on an INPUT, PRINT, or ? command causes the input or output to be printed even though the printer is turned off.

ESC

Returns control to the Monitor.

 

 

CNTL PRINT

Turns the AIM 65 printer on if it is off, and off if it is on.

302 OPERATORS

 

 

 

 

 

SYMBOL

SAMPLE STATEMENT

PURPOSE/USE

 

------

----------------

-----------

 

=

A=100

Assigns a value to a variable

 

LET Z=2.5

The LET is

optional

-

B=-A

 

Negation.

 

Note that 0-A is subtraction,

 

 

 

while -A is negation.

^ (F3 key)

130

PRINT X^3

Exponentiation (equal to X*X*X in

 

 

 

in the sample statement)

 

 

 

0^0=1

0 to any other power = 0

 

 

 

A^B, with A negative and B not an

 

 

 

integer gives an FC error.

*

140

X=R*(B*D)

Multiplication.

/

150

PRINT X/1.3

Division.

 

 

+

160

Z=R+T+Q

Addition

 

 

-

170

J=100-I

Subtraction

 

RULES FOR EVALUATING EXPRESSIONS:

1)Operations of higher precedence are performed before operations of lower precedence.

This means the multiplication and divisions are performed before additions and subtractions. As an example, 2+10/5 equals 4, not 2.4. When operations of equal precedence are found

in a formula, the left hand one is executed first: 6-3+5=8, not -2.

2)The order in which operations are performed can always be specified explicitly through the use of parentheses. For instance, to add 5 to 3 and then divided that by 4, we would use (5+3)/4, which equals 2. If instead we had used 5+3/4, we would get 5.75 as a result

Page 233
Image 233
Apple II manual Esc, Cntl Print, Operators Symbol Sample Statement, Print X/1.3, =R+T+Q, Rules for Evaluating Expressions

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.