M1+2 prior to calling FLOAT.

FLOAT takes approximately 3 msec. lonqer to convert zero to floating point form than other arguments. The user may check for zero prior to calling FLOAT and increase throughput.

*

*LOW-ORDER INT. BYTE IN A-REG

*HIGH-ORDER BYTE IN Y-REG

 

 

 

*

 

 

 

85

FA

 

XFLOAT

STA

M1+1

 

84

F9

 

 

STY

M1

INIT MANT1

A0

00

 

 

LDY

#$0

 

84

FB

 

 

STY

M1+2

 

05

D9

 

 

ORA

M1

CHK BOTH

 

 

 

 

 

 

BYTES FOR

D0

03

 

 

BNE

TOFLOAT ZERO

85

F8

 

 

STA

X1

IF SO CLR X1

60

 

 

 

RTS

 

AND RETURN

4C

51

F4

TOFLOAT

JMP

FLOAT

ELSE FLOAT

 

 

 

 

 

 

INTEGER

Example: Float +274 ($0112 hex)

 

 

 

CALLING SEQUENCE

 

A0

01

 

 

LDY #$01

HIGH-ORDER

 

 

 

 

 

 

INTEGER BYTE

A9

12

 

 

LDA #$12

LOW-ORDER

 

 

 

 

 

 

INTEGER BYTE

84

F9

 

 

STY M1

 

85

FA

 

 

STA M1+1

 

A9

00

 

 

LDA #$00

 

85

F8

 

 

STA M1+2

 

20

51

F4

 

JSR FLOAT

 

Upon returning from FLOAT, FP1 contains the floating point representation of +274.

 

_____

 

_____

 

_____

 

_____

FP1

$88

$44

$80

0 (+274)

_____

_____

_____

_____

 

X1

 

M1

 

 

 

 

FIX subroutine (address $F640)

Purpose: To extract the integer portion of a floating point number with truncation (ENTIER function).

Entry: A floating point value is in FP1. It need not be normalized.

Uses: RTAR.

Page 75
Image 75
Apple II manual STY Init MANT1 LDY, Sty, Calling Sequence, High-Order, Integer Byte, Low-Order, STY M1, JSR Float

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.