1593

EA42 20 46 EA

WRAX

JSR

NUMA

 

1594

EA45 8A

 

TXA

 

 

1595

EA46

 

 

 

 

1596

EA46

;PRINT ONE

BYTE=TWO ASCII CHARS TO OUTPUT DEVICE

1597

EA46 48

NUMA

PHA

 

 

1598

EA47 4A

 

LSR

A

 

1599

EA48 4A

 

LSR

A

 

1600

EA49 4A

 

LSR

A

 

1601

EA4A 4A

 

LSR

A

 

1602

EA4B 20 51 EA

 

JSR

NOUT

 

1603

EA4E 68

 

PLA

 

 

1604

EA4F 29 0F

 

AND

#$F

 

1605

EA51 18

NOUT

CLC

 

 

1606

EA52 69 30

 

ADC

#'0'

 

1607

EA54 C9 3A

 

CMP

#'9'+1

 

1608

EA56 90 02

 

BCC

LT10

 

1609

EA58 69 06

 

ADC

#6

;CARRY IS SET

1610

EA5A 4C BC E9

LT10

JMP

OUTALL

 

1611

EA5D

 

 

 

 

1612

EA5D

;READ TWO CHR & PACK THEM INTO ONE BYTE

1613

EA5D

;PART OF ALTER MEMORY , / COMM

1614

EA5D 20 73 E9

RD2

JSR

REDOUT

 

1615

EA60 C9 0D

 

CMP

#CR

;<CR>?

1616

EA62 F0 17

 

BEQ

RSPAC

 

1617

EA64 C9 20

 

CMP

#' '

;FOR MEMORY ALTER

1618

EA66 F0 13

 

BEQ

RSPAC

 

1619

EA68 C9 2E

 

CMP

#'.'

;TREAT "." AS <SPACE>

1620

EA6A D0 04

 

BNE

RD1

 

1621

EA6C A9 20

 

LDA

#' '

 

1622

EA6E D0 0B

 

BNE

RSPAC

 

1623

EA70 20 84 EA

RD1

JSR

PACK

 

1624

EA73 B0 06

 

BCS

RSPAC

 

1625

EA75 20 73 E9

 

JSR

REDOUT

 

1626

EA78 4C 84 EA

 

JMP

PACK

 

1627

EA7B

;WAS SPACE

OR <CR>

 

1628

EA7B 38

RSPAC

SEC

 

 

1629

EA7C 60

 

RTS

 

 

1630

EA7D

 

 

 

 

1631

EA7D

;CONVERT ACC IN ASCII TO ACC IN HEX (4 MSB=0)

1632

EA7D 48

HEX

PHA

 

;SAVE A

1633

EA7E A9 00

 

LDA

#0

;CLEAR STIY IF HEX

1634

EA80 8D 29 A4

 

STA STIY+2

;BECAUSE ONLY ONCE

1635

EA83 68

 

PLA

 

 

1636

EA84

;PACK TWO ASCII INTO ONE HEX (CALL SUBR TWO TIMES)

1637

EA84

;RESULT IS

GIVEN ON ACC WITH FIRST CHR INTO 4 MSB

1638

EA84 C9 30

PACK

CMP

#'0'

;< 30 ?

1639

EA86 90 F3

 

BCC

RSPAC

 

1640

EA88 C9 47

 

CMP

#'F'+1

; > 47 ?

1641

EA8A B0 EF

 

BCS

RSPAC

 

1642

EA8C C9 3A

 

CMP

#'9'+1

; < $10

1643

EA8E 90 06

 

BCC

PAK1

 

1644

EA90 C9 40

 

CMP

#'A'-1

; > $10 ?

1645

EA92 90 E7

 

BCC

RSPAC

 

1646

EA94 69 08

 

ADC

#8

;ADD 9 IF LETTER (C IS SET)

1647

EA96 2A

PAK1

ROL

A

;SHIFT A 4 TIMES

1648

EA97 2A

 

ROL

A

 

1649

EA98 2A

 

ROL

A

 

1650

EA99 2A

 

ROL

A

 

1651

EA9A 8E 2D A4

 

STX

CPIY+3

;SAVE X

1652

EA9D A2 04

 

LDX

#4

 

1653

EA9F 2A

PAK2

ROL

A

;TRANSFER A TO STIY

1654

EAA0 2E 29 A4

 

ROL

STIY+2

; THRU CARRY

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 166
Image 166
Apple II manual Wrax JSR Numa

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.