What is internetworking?, 145 | Cabletron Systems DMS-100 manual

145

Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing

This chapter is a primer on internetworking, Internet Protocol (IP), addressing, and IP-related protocols.

For examples on IP addressing and conﬁgurations, refer to “Appendix F: EIU addressing examples”.

What is internetworking?

Internetworking began as a method of connecting stand-alone local area networks (LAN) to allow sharing of information between different parts of an enterprise (corporation, campus, and so on). These “islands of automation” were originally installed to satisfy the communications requirements of a particular community of interest.

When members of a particular community of interest required access to applications on different networks, the network administrator often installed a second or third LAN access. This addition was unnecessarily expensive due to the duplication of resources. Adding to the problem was the incompatibility of older host-based architectures, such as the IBM System Network Architecture (SNA), with the newer LAN-based architectures, such as transmission control protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Novell Internet packet exchange (IPX).

In the early days of computing (1960s), data entry was performed in isolation from the computer. Programmers entered their code on paper tape or punched or marked cards, which were sent through the mail to a central computer site. The program was run (or it crashed) and the resulting output was printed locally and shipped to the user, again through the mail. Response time was measured in terms of days or even weeks.

With the advent of low-speed modems, multiplexors, and block-mode data transfer protocols in the early 1970s, users could now be “on-line” to the computer to enter program code. It was thought at this time that the communications duties could be handled by the application program residing in the host computer. This approach was ﬁne as long as there was only one

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12

Image 145

Cabletron Systems DMS-100 manual Appendix E Understanding IP and IP addressing, What is internetworking?, 145

Contents

Ethernet Interface Unit Page Ethernet Interface Unit Standard 03.01 August August Publication historyMay March Vi Publication history Standard 03.01 August Contents Chapter EIU datafill EIU messaging protocols Appendix C Using FTP 117 EIU maintenance 103Appendix D Using telnet 141 Volume listing Appendix I Obtaining a MAC address 185 Appendix H ASU background information 177List of terms 189 List of figures Xii Xiii List of tables Xiv How to check the version and issue of this document When to use this documentAbout this document References in this document Xvi Internet request for comment documents Possible loss of service What precautionary messages meanXvii Risk of personal injury How commands, parameters, and responses are representedRisk of electrocution Input prompt Variables Commands and ﬁxed parametersResponses Standard 03.01 August Possible loss of network security Introduction to the EIU Overview of the EIU System architecture SLM DMS-bus interface and expansionIOC SOS Unix EIU Data communications interface architecture Inter-message switch links required with LPP LAN Ethernet interface data ﬂow Introduction to the EIU AUI PB Hardware descriptionUTP PB Slot EIU Rear paddle boardsFront cards SSLPP, with 2-slot EIU locations Top view of Sslpp shelf DMS SuperNode switch LPP with an EIU DMS SuperNode Flis with an EIU Ethernet interface card NT9X84 Attachment unit interface-NT9X85AA Ethernet physical interfacesLPP NTEX22 CPU/IPF MAU Unshielded twisted-pair NT9X85BA Capabilities, limitations, and restrictionsGrounding requirements EIU hardware capabilities and limitations Introduction to the EIU System-wide limitations Limitations associated with maintenance Routing information protocol Limitations associated with protocols DMS-Core feature packages Package Title Description Feature packagingInternet Protocol and Internet Control Message Protocol NTXF05AA DMS-bus inter-MS provisioning EIU provisioning requirementsSheet 2 DMS-bus external MS provisioning Example of DMS-bus intermessage switch conﬁguration EIU sparing and redundancy EIU provisioningNT9X17AA NT9X23BA User interface characteristics Service ordersBilling Alarms Logs, alarms, and OMsPossible loss of information Log reports Introduction to the EIU Standard 03.01 August EIU messaging protocols Software architecture Shows the structure of the DMS-100 switch EIU protocol stack TCP UDP Icmp ARP FTP Telnet Snmp Bootp RIPFTS Ethernet DMS-bus TCP/UDP FTSEthernet LAN Workstation TCP Supported protocols Boot protocol File transfer protocol Wsls Telnet Internet Protocol Transmission control protocol Address resolution protocolUser datagram protocol Internet control message protocol MAC addresses AddressingInternet addresses EIU messaging protocols What is the SuperNode network topology? How to get IP addresses for SuperNode Routing EIU messaging protocols APUX10 LIU7 APX LMSAPUX20 LIU7 Routing tables IP Screening Protocol engineeringIP throttling TCP connection management UDP connection limits by SuperNode subsystem EIU APUSubsystem Maximum UDP connections Protocol buffer engineering FTP session control Receive 1518 Icbm common pool 1024 128 Transmit TCP own IP throttling for LPP IP throttling Application Sheet 2 IP throttling for Sslpp EIU dataﬁll Table Liuinv Interdependency and auto-conﬁguration Table Liuinv dataﬁll Dataﬁll sequence and implicationsLink interface unit name Link interface unit type Message switch port Message switch cardLink interface unit number Location Software load name Link interface slotProcessor information Processor product engineering code Sheet 4 EIU MAC addresses IP addresses Table IpnetwrkSample dataﬁll for table Liuinv Ipnetwrk Dataﬁll for table Ipnetwrk Internet Protocol network subnet range Computing module Internet ProtocolEthernet interface unit. Enter EIU Ethernet interface unit range. Enter Eiuinterface Parm ScrnflagDfltgtwyip Addr Gtwyipaddr Sample dataﬁll for table IpnetwrkIomnum Packlet Supplementary information Table Iprouter Dataﬁll Ethernet proxy address resolution Ethernet address resolution protocolTable Iphost Sample dataﬁll for table Iprouter Index IndexNodeidx Node index Node Node name Internet porotocol address SuperNode File processor indexTransmission control Protocol Connections Application processor Unix index Support Operating SwitchInternet protocol host identification for Computing module index Cmindex Ethernet interface unit index EiuindexInternet protocol address for node Lanaddr Second IP address for Eliu host Eliuindex Apux Nodename = MS Table Ipthron Message switch indexSample dataﬁll for table Iphost Msindex EIU datafill Transmit capacity Local message switch nodeReceive capacity SuperNode node OptionSynchronized and matched node index Application processor unit index Sample dataﬁll for table Ipthron Table IpprotoField descriptions for table Ipthron for EIU datafill Field Subfield or Entry Explanation and action Refinement Iprsmtmo Sample dataﬁll for table IpprotoArprftmo Table Entypes Table EnsitesSample dataﬁll for table Ensites Alphanumeric Sample dataﬁll for table Entypes Table ExndinvEntype External node type Pmloads External node peripheral module type External node keyExternal node number External node name Internet Protocol address DMS boot protocolMachine address External node load file name Row Floor numberBay position External node information External node one-link alarm External node no-link alarmExternal node alarm scan points Critical alarm scan point Minor alarm scan point Major alarm scan pointSample dataﬁll for table Exndinv Sheet 5 103 EIU maintenance In-service state EIU diagnosticsOut-of-service diagnostics EIU MAP level In-service leaky bucket audit In-service diagnostics EIU overload control EIU sparing requirements EIU Eliu Automated system maintenance Manual system maintenance OMs relevant to EIU OA&M Logs relevant to EIU OA&M 111 Appendix a EIU installation checklist NTXF05AA EIU SoftwareConsult the DMS-100 PM Software Release Document Datafill 113 Appendix B EIU troubleshooting EIU troubleshooting checklist Problem Probable cause Troubleshooting checklistTools Sheet 2 Appendix B EIU troubleshooting Standard 03.01 August 117 Appendix C Using FTP Automatic Record Length Detection What is FTP?Where DMS FTP on the DMS-100 switch Volume listingFTP cookbook File name conventions FTP commands on the DMS-100 switch Command Description DMS FTP client commands Obtaining the IP address of the SuperNode host Where Userid Is a valid userID for that host Procedure 1 Establishing an FTP session Step ActionTutorial basic FTP operations Ftp ‘nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn ’Page Ftp cd pathname Ftp dirFtp cd ‘/team/bin’ Ftp lcd pathname Tutorial moving ﬁles Where Pathname Is a valid directory path ExampleIf the file If the filename Ftp lcd ‘/S00DTEMP’Ftp lrecl Ftp get ‘ﬁle1.txt54 ’ Ftp get ‘ﬁle1.dmo ’Ftp put ‘RECORDFILE’ ‘jan18.log’ Ftp cd ‘ /team/bin’ Ftp get ‘ﬁle1.bin’ Tutorial advanced operations Procedure 7 Showing the status of server sessionsFtp get ‘ﬁle1.bin1020’ Ftp svreserve Procedure 9 Remove a server userID and unreserve a sessionFtpadduserinfo ‘johnh’ ‘johnh’ ‘/S00DTEMP’ y Procedure 10 Adding a userID with limited set of commands Where Userid Is the userID ExampleFtpdeluserinfo ‘johnh’ Procedure 11 Adding a userID with a new command timeout Ftp commandmask mkdir set Ftpcommandmask FtpcommandtimeoutFTP operations reference WS pwd WS ftp IPaddressWS cd /pathname WS lcd /directory WS get filename WS asciiWS site Lrecl WS put filename Newfilename WS put filename.sosimage Filenameunipl WSput filename.image FilenameCM Ftpopen ‘IPaddress’ CM FTP ‘IPaddress’ CM lcd ‘/PATHNAME’ CM cd ‘pathname’CM lcd CM ls CM binary CM put filenameCM get ‘filename.load68k’ CM get ‘filename.bin1020’ 141 Appendix D Using telnet Telnet access to a switch Table Ipnetwrk Appendix D Using telnet Standard 03.01 August Appendix E Understanding IP and IP addressing What is internetworking?145 Routing and routed protocols What is routing? Mapping the network Planning overview Simple network map Choosing IP addresses Detailed network diagram Class Range Description IP address structure Class Range Description IP addressing class a Subnet mask class a Class a subnet masks IP addressing class B Subnet mask class B Class B subnet masks IP addressing class C IP addressing class D Address masks Address mask example Network node Network numbering example Simple network numbering Firewalls and network security Protocols related to Internet Protocol Variable-width subnetworks Internet control message protocol Reverse ARP Bootstrap ProtocolProxy ARP Inverse ARP Open shortest path ﬁrst Page 165 Appendix F EIU supported conﬁgurations Host conﬁguration Router conﬁgurations Host and router conﬁguration Interface conﬁguration part Subnet ClassA .networkidB .subnetX .hostZ 47.105.150.3 Overview Appendix G IP network number requestsConsiderations for obtaining IP addresses 171 NIC IP address request form NIC IP network number request formYour Application Must be Typed Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Appendix G IP network number requests Standard 03.01 August Appendix H ASU background information Application-speciﬁc units and supported servicesLink interface unit Ethernet interface unit 25/X.75 link interface unit Frame relay interface unit Voice processor unit and Adas Network interface unitASUs and Cellular digital packet data External routers PlatformsLink peripheral processor ASU LPP architecture On page 183 provides an overview of the Sslpp conﬁguration Single-shelf link peripheral processor Sslpp architecture SuperNode SE link interface shelf Shelf SNSE-LIS architecture MAC address format Appendix I Obtaining a MAC address185 EIU MAC address format How to get the MAC address for an EIU Appendix I Obtaining a MAC address Standard 03.01 August 189 List of terms List of terms LIS MTP List of terms UDP Page Ethernet Interface Unit