Address Decoding

This new base address, also called the translated base address, references a new location in the secondary bus address map. The offset is not affected. The process is similar for transactions forwarded from the secondary bus to the primary bus.

Figure 5. Direct Offset Address Translation

Base

Offset

Original Address

Translated Base

Offset

Translated Address

A7463-01

Each memory address range using direct offset address translation has its own translated base. The translated base addresses are programmable in registers corresponding to each BAR. These registers are mapped both in device-specific configuration space and in CSR space. The number of bits of the translated base address corresponds to the number of writable bits in the respective BAR. Likewise, the number of bits of the offset also varies and depends on the size of the BAR. Figure 6 shows an example of address translation of downstream memory transactions. Again, upstream transactions are treated similarly.

Figure 6. Downstream Address Translation Example

Primary Address Map

Secondary Address Map

Base + Offset

Translated

Base + Offset

A7464-01

4.3.3Lookup Table Based Address Translation

As mentioned in Section 4.3.2, Upstream Memory 2 address translation is treated differently than the other ranges. The 21555 uses a page size based lookup table to perform address translation for transactions falling into this range. A lookup table provides a flexible way of translating secondary bus local addresses to primary bus system addresses.

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Intel 21555 user manual Lookup Table Based Address Translation, Direct Offset Address Translation

21555 specifications

The Intel 21555 is a prominent microprocessor developed by Intel, designed to cater to a variety of computing needs. This processor marks a significant step forward in Intel's lineup and underscores the company's commitment to advancing technology in personal computing, enterprise solutions, and beyond.

One of the standout features of the Intel 21555 is its advanced architecture. It utilizes a multi-core design, enabling improved performance through parallel processing. This architecture allows multiple applications to run seamlessly without a decline in speed. The cores are built on a cutting-edge manufacturing process that enhances energy efficiency while maintaining high clock speeds.

The Intel 21555 supports a wide range of technologies, including Intel Turbo Boost, which enables dynamic adjustments to the processor’s performance based on workload demands. This feature allows the processor to accelerate its speed during intensive tasks, providing users with a responsive experience when it matters the most.

Another key characteristic of the Intel 21555 is its support for integrated graphics. With Intel UHD Graphics technology, users can enjoy enhanced visuals for everyday tasks such as video playback, web browsing, and light gaming. This eliminates the need for a separate graphics card for many users, particularly in home office or light gaming scenarios.

Security is a significant focus in the design of the Intel 21555. It includes built-in hardware-based security features like Intel Trusted Execution Technology and Secure Boot. These features help protect against various types of threats, ensuring that user data remains secure from malicious attacks.

The Intel 21555 is also optimized for use with Intel's platform technologies, including Intel Optane memory and Intel Rapid Storage Technology. These technologies work together to deliver faster boot times and improved system responsiveness, making computing more efficient for users.

Furthermore, the Intel 21555 is designed to support virtualization technologies, allowing multiple operating systems to run concurrently without compromising performance. This is particularly useful for developers and businesses that rely on virtualization for testing and development environments.

In summary, the Intel 21555 is a powerful and versatile processor that reflects Intel's ongoing innovation in the computing space. With its multi-core architecture, enhanced graphics capabilities, strong security features, and advanced technologies, it stands out as an excellent choice for a wide range of applications, serving both casual users and professionals alike.