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Intel 80386 manual Chapter System Architecture

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Chapter 3	3
System Architecture

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Intel 80386 manual Chapter System Architecture

Contents

Page Inter Intel Corporation Table of Contents Chapter Architectural Compatibility Chapter Highlights Page 32-bit Architecture High-performance ImplementationHighlights Configurable Protection Virtual Memory SupportExtended Debugging Support Object Code Compatibility SummaryApplication Architecture Page Registers General RegistersFlags and Instruction Pointer Numeric Coprocessor Registers Memory and logical Addressing Segment and Descriptor Registers Logical Address TranslationAddressing Modes Data Types and Instructions Principal Data TypesNumeric Coprocessor Data Types Other InstructionsStack Instructions ~.,...I-------.-1 Byte String LII Miscellaneous Instructions Chapter System Architecture Page System Registers MultitaskingTask Switching Task State SegmentAddressing Address Translation OverviewSegments Address Translation OverviewPrincipal Descriptor Fields ~~~~~.II~~~ Pages Virtual Memory Linear to Physical Address TranslationI I I Protection PrivilegeUSing Privilege Levels Privileged Instructions Segment ProtectionProtection Interrupts and Exceptions 10. Gates as Protected Entry PointsInterrupt Descriptor Table Debug Eceptions and Registers System Architecture Page Architectural Compatibility Page 80286 Compatibility Real and Virtual 86 ModesArchitectural Compatibility Trapping Virtual 861\11ode System Calls Page Chapter Hardware Implementation Page Chapter Hardware Implementation Hardware Implementation Clock Data and Address BusesBus Cycle Definition Bus Cycle ControlNon-pipelined Bus Cycle Timing Bus Cycles with Pipelined Addresses Dynamic Bus Sizing Processor Status and ControlCoprocessor Control Mixed 16- and 32-bit Accesses Chapter Data Sheet Page 80386 Update Notice Table of Contents Descriptor Tables Introduction Interrupt Descriptor TableSegment Descriptor Cache Privilege ValidationFunctional Data Package Thermal Specification 3.4Initiating and Maintaining Pipelined Address Pipelined Address with Dynamic Data Bus SizingBase Architecture Introduction Register OverviewRegister Descriptions General Purpose RegistersInstruction Pointer Flags RegisterTSS Segment Registers Segment Registers Descriptor Registers Loaded AutomaticallyOther Segment Physical Base Address Segment Limit Segment Descriptor Registers Control RegistersFlects the current state of the ET bit MSWTS Task Switched, bit Fault Linear Address Register CR2System Address Registers Directory Base Register CR3Register Accessibility Debug and Test RegistersCompatibility Instruction Set Overview IoplGdtr Idtr2 80386 Instructions 2dLogical Instructions2a Data Transfer 2b Arithmetic Instructions2e Bit Manipulation Instructions 2f. Program Control Instructions2g High Level Language Instructions 2h Protection ModelAddressing Modes Overview Register and Immediate Modes3 32-Bit Memory Addressing Modes Addressing Mode Calculations Differences Between 16 and 32 Bit AddressesDisplacement Data TypesBase Register BX,BP Index Register SI,DI Scale Factor NoneLilliililillIl Sign ED rrrrrrrrlMemory Organization IntroductionAddress Spaces I/O Space Segment Register UsageInterrupts Interrupts and Ecep~ionsInterrupt Processing Maskable InterruptNon-Maskable Interrupt Software InterruptsInterrupt and Exception Priorities NMI 2.INTRReset and Initialization Double FaultInstruction Restart TLB Testing TestabilitySelf-Test Debugging SupportBreakpoint Instruction Single-Step TrapDebug Registers DR1 DR2DR3 DR4Encoding Causing Breakpoint UsageReal Mode Architecture Real Mode Introduction Debug Status Register DR6SET/RESET/COMPLEMENT Memory AddressingXchg ADD, OR, ADC, SBBReserved Locations IntierruptsShutdown and Halt Protected Mode Addressing Addressing MechanismSegmentation Introduction TerminologyDescriptor Tables Descriptor Tables IntroductionDescriptors ByteAddress Segment Base 15 Segment Limit 15Dptm typ , data gm,nt System Descriptor Formats Selector Offset 15Word Offset 31Differences Between 386 and 286 Descriptors Segment Base 15Selector Fields Segment Descriptor CacheNil R~L ~~~~~~~EL~~E~ ~A~~ ~I~I! ttl ~!~~~~E L~~E~~~s~ I~I! ~ J ~~?~~~~EL~~E~B~~E ~I~I~ tJ1 Protection Concepts Rules of PrivilegePrivilege Levels Privilege Level Transfers GOT/LOT CallRET,IRET CALL, JMP80386 Task Switching Call Ga~esInitialization and Transition to Protected Mode InfefTools for Building Protected PagingSystems Paging ConceptsPaging Organization MechanismDescriptor Base Register DirectoryLevel Protection R/W, U/S Bits Frame Address 31 ReservedTables DIRECTORY/TABLE EntriesTranslation Lookaside Buffer Paging OperationPaging In Virtual Mode Access TypeVirtual 8086 Environment Executing 8086 ProgramsProtection and 1/0 Permission Bitmap 24. Virtual 8086 Environment Memory ManagementInterrupt Handling Entering and Leaving VirtualTask Switches TO/FROM Virtual 8086 Mode ·25.Virtual 8086 Environment Interrupt and Call Handling For state saving i.e. push all registers in prolog, popIntroduction Clock CLK2Data Bus do through Address Bus BEO# through BE3#, A2 through A31Bus Cycle Definition Signals W/R#, D/C#, MIIO#, LOCK# Bus Control Signals IntroductionBus Arbitration Signals Coprocessor Interface SignalsInterrupt Signals Signal Summary Memory and 1/0 Spaces BEO#Memory and 110 Organization Dynamic Data Bus SizingInterfacing with 32- and 16-Bit Memories Cycles 1 and 1aOperand Alignment BEO# BHE# BLE# ADLi,\~~ P1 1.p2 .p1 1.p2 .p1 1.p2 .p1 1.p2 .p1 1.p2 .p1 1.p2 .p1 Address Pipelining ·9.Fastest Read Cycles with Pipelined Address TimingAddress signal A2 selects bank Bit datapath to each bank TWO-BANK Interleaved MemoryFOUR-BANK Interleaved Memory Read and Write Cycles IntroductionNON-PIPELINED Address Xxxxx IxxxxXxxi Xxxix Ixxx13 80386 Bus States not usIng pipelined address 3.3 NON·PIPELINED Address with Dynamic Data BUS Sizing ·14Asserting BS16# zero wait states, non·pipelinedaddressXixxxxx Valid Xixxxx ,XXXXY~~~~ DOO¥ BSI6# XXX XXx XXX X .. IXXXXwOO~ J, XXX XXX1/ \B516# ~~..tJ.~~~~~~~ BS16 # 44~~~...l-.lI...l Ready # 44~~.lI...l/l Bus Sizing with Pipelined Address~ ,T1-T~-T2PJ ,T1PT2PJ Idle non-pipelined pipelined PipelinedAcknowledge IO#, D/c# Ffi 20 Complete Bus States including pipelined addressXxxxy ~j XDONTCAR~X~ x~ ~X~~lKX~ /..XXXX Xxxxx IXXXXIXXXXI.. /..DXXXIXXX ~ XxxxiyXxixxy ~ /..XIXXY ~ -XXIXXYInterrupt Acknowledge Inta Cycles ~--cp--- ----- ----- ----- ----- ~Halt Indication Cycle 23.Halt Indication CycleShutdown Indication Cycle 24. Shutdown Indication CycleReset During Hold Acknowledge Bus Activity During and Following ResetOther Functional Descriptions Entering and Exiting Hold Acknowledge26. Requesting Hold from Active Bus NA # negated SELF-TEST Signature Component and Revision IdentifiersComponent Revision Component Revision Stepping Identifier NameSoftware Testing for Coprocessor Presence CMD1Mechanical Data Introduction PIN Assignment000 0 0 0 000 0 0 Vee Vss Package Dimensions and Mounting 1654189~1Package Thermal Specification Measure PGA Case TemperatureInfef80386 IllPower and Grounding Electrical DataD.C. Specifications Maximum RatingsA.C. Specifications 1 A.C. Spec Definitions102 2 A.C. Specification Tables ·4 -16 A.C. Characteristics Symbol Parameter 80386-16Unit Min Max Operating Frequency MHz Half of CLK2 16 A.C. Characteristics Symbol Parameter Symbol Parameter Min80386-16 Min Unit Max 3 A.C. Test Loads 4 A.C. Timing Waveforms 80386 ~QW~OOg OOOIP@OOIMl~iiO@OO106 MAX Itm PI~ Instruction SET 80386 Instruction Encoding8o386Instructlon Set CIock Count Summary 111·1 Instruction Set Clock Count Summary 11280386 Instructlon Set CIockCount S ummary Contlnued RIm·1 80386 Instruction Set Clock Count Summary DoublewordInstruction Set Clock Count Summary 115Instruction Set Clock Count Summarycontlnued BIT ManipulationInstruction Set Clock Count Summar +ml 7+ml80386 Ins ruefIon SetCIoek CountSummary ConrInued Protected119 120 80386 Instructlon Set CIockCountSummaay Contmued Interrupt InstructionsO3861nstructlon Set CIockCount Summary Contlnued BoundInfef80386 80386 nstructlon Set CIockCount Summary ContlnuedNs ruetIon StCIe oekCount 5 ummary Contlnued MadearOverview ~~~\2 32-Bit Extensions of the Instruction Set Encoding of Instruction FieldsField BitsEncoding of Address Mode Osbx OSBX+d1611010 EOIOS EAX Scale Factor Encoding of Operation Direction NAENB/AE NE/NZDomestic Sales Offices CaliforniaUnited States