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Star Micronics NX-15 user manual Control codes, 10 ‘ Demo of ASCII code 20 LPRINTCHR$7 30 END RUN

Models: NX-15

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■Control codes

39

Taken together, these numbers and their meanings make up the ASCII code (pronounced ask-key), which stands for the American Standard Codefor Information Interchange. There are ASCII codes for all the letters of the alphabet (upper case and lower case), Oto 9, most punctuation marks, and some (but not all) of the functions of the printer.

There are a number of different ways to represent an ASCII code, depending on how you are using it. For example, the ASCII codes for the upper-case letter “A” are 65 (decimal) or &H41 (hexadecimal). Or you can just call it “A”. Appendix B shows all of the ASCII codes.

BASIC uses the CHR$ function to represent ASCII characters and many functions. To print the letter “A” we would enter LPRINT CHR$(65). To make the printer’s bell sound, we would enter LPRINT CHR$(7). In general, we print a character by entering LPRINT CHR$(ASCII code) to the printer.

We can also use hex ASCII codes. Although we use only decimal ASCII codes in this manual, in some applications it will help if you understand what a hex code is. “Hex” is short for hex- adecimal and refers to a base-16 number (the numbers we use in everyday life are base 10). Since the hex system needs 16 digits, it uses the numerals Othrough 9 and also the letters A through F. In BASIC programs, you can always tell that a number is in hexadecimal by the “&H” immediately preceding it. The ASCII code for the letter “A” (65 in decimal) is &H41 in hex.

■Control codes

ASCII codes with values of 32 or less do not correspond to keys on the keyboard. These codes control many of the printer’s functions, so we call them control codes. To enter a control code from the keyboard, we have to press two keys at the same time

—the “control” key and one other. The other key determines what code is sent – pressing the control (CTRL) key and A sends ASCII code 1, CTRL B sends ASCII code 2, and so on.

Your printer has a lot of control codes to let you do some useful things. Let’s try one that we’ve mentioned several times already:

10‘ Demo of ASCII code

20 LPRINTCHR$(7)

30END

RUN

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Star Micronics NX-15 user manual Control codes, 10 ‘ Demo of ASCII code 20 LPRINTCHR$7 30 END RUN

Contents

USERS MANUAL This shtement will be a#lied onlyfor the~n”ntersmarketedin West @many FederalCommunicationsCommission RadioFr uencyInterference %tatementThis stitement will be appliedonlyfbr tb printers mrtited in L%S.A Self DeclarationChapter1 SettingUpYour Printer Table of ContentsPrintingwith BASIC Usingthe Printerwith Commercial SoftwareChapter3 Chapter4 FormattingText55 SpecialFeaturesof the PrinterChapter5 Chapter6 Chapter7 DownloadCharactersand Dot Graphics Index196 AppendixG SerialInterfaceSpecificationsConfiguring the serial interface The serial protocols Serial busy protocols XON/XOFF protocol ACK protocolPage CHAPTER SETTING UP YOUR PRINTERRemoving the printer cover Figure 1-2. Remoe the printer cover by lifting carefully Installing the ribbon cartridge Page I terface board ~ ~igure 1-6. Slidethe I/F board into the slotCHAPTER GETTING TO KNOW YOUR PRINTERPartsof theprinter-whatthey’refor andhow to use them Paperselectionand loading Adjustment TestingprinteroperationFigue2-1. Front and rear views of the printer 9 Controls and indicators Extra functions h - The second setting is for normal single sheets Page 6. Align a sheet of paper on the guide along the adjuster Page “--““1 \4 F ADJUSTING THE PRINT HEAD\ Adjustment$lever lever Figure 2-10. Pulling the adjustment lever towards you ~--””‘---”---”-”” 1. Make sure that both your computer and printer are turned off MEMO Controllingthe printerwiththe Panelmode USING THE PRINTER WITH COMMERCIAL SOFTWARESubjectscoveredin Chapter3 include Usingcommercialsoftware CHAPTEREasyWriter II WordStar Lotus ‘entering the function codes The master reset codeThe escape code Getting the most from your print choices values defined by their respective DIP switch settingsUsing Near Letter Quality NLQ 0. The decimal equivalents are 271201 and 271200, respective- ly1. Printing from the Print List Form screen Follow the sample and enter the italic codes for lines 41. Bold/ShadowFace Support 42. Single Underline Support 2 Using Character43. Double Underline Support 2 Using Character 44. overstrikeSupport 2 Using CharacterfromKeys used EasyWriter II control keysEasyWriter II Function‘ New function Print the document. Your printout should look like this USING THE PRINTER WITH WORDSTAR USING THE PRINTERWITH LOTUS If you do change several of the things listed in the /Print menu, Lotus 1-2-3 will remember the selections that you have made and use them each time you print the spreadsheet. They are even saved with the spreadsheet so that they will be the same the next time that you use the spreadsheet And, on August 12, 1986, the results might look like this Key Mode Print pitch TOF Page Setting the left and right margins 1. Set the Off Line mode by pressing the On Line keySetting the top of form 1. Set the Off Line mode by pressing the On Line keyCHAPTER PRINTINGWITH BASICPRINT “Hel 10!“ 10 ‘ Demo of ASCII code 20 LPRINTCHR$7 30 END RUN Control codesASCII line feedthe name of the code its abbreviationLPRINTCHR$27 “W”CHR$1 LPRINTCHR$27 “W”CHR$49 LPRINTCHR$27 “WI” numbers is called an escape sequence A note on command syntaxSelecting the right software mode ESC “W”Near Letter Quality characters ESC “5” Italic ONESC “4” Italic OFFHere is what you should get In this program underline is turned on in line 20 with ESC ‘“l”l’”i1.s. 1.1,I“”iP i ‘3 1’” l\ pi. t h CHANGING THE PRINT PITCHTh 1s 11 ne is. EL 11“”Ep ~ trh 30 LPRINTCHR$14 40 LPRINT “EXPANDED” 50 LFRINTCHR$20 10 ‘ Demo of permanent expanded mode 20 LPRINTCHR$27 “WI”~ Expanded print 10 ‘ Demo of expanded print 20 LPRINT “DemorIstrat ion of “CHR$14or ESCCHR$14 CHR$18 CondensedONCondensedOFF ESC “p” O ProportionalONESC “p” ProportionalOFFMAKING WORDS STAND OUT Print emphasis commands10 ‘ Demo of boldface and emphasized 20 LPRINTCHR$27’’G” Decimal value Values of mixing print styles for Master PrintPrint style Summa-y notes Subjectscoveredin Chapter5 include FORMATTING TEXTCHAPTER 9 Reverse line feeds 80 LPRINT CHR$27”2” NEW 10 ‘ Demo of line spacing40 LPRINT CHR$27’’A’’CHR$I 50 LPRINT “THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO”I 60 NEXT 70 LPRINT “LINE SPACING IS SET TO 1/6 INCH NORMAL.”and run the program again. Now the results will look like this ESC“l” Setlinespacingto1/8inchESC“O” Setlinespacingto7/72inchHere is what your printer will produce Page Changing the page length ESC“r”CHR$n Canceltopandbottommargins ESC “O”TOP AND BOTTOM MARGINS Set topmarginton lines50 LPRINTCHR$27 “r” CHR$6 Page Try setting the margins with this program 10 ‘ Demo of margins Horizontal tabs When you run the program now it produces this Absolutehorizontaltab ESC “f” OCHR$nspaces ESC “$” CHR$nlCIIIl$@50 J.,PRINT “Horizonta” 10 ‘ Demo of relative horizontaltabs 20 FOR 1=1 TOj’LP~I.x’rCHR$n ’’SFXNNDTAJ3” 80 LPRINTCHR$ll “F’IFTHTAB.” ESC “B”CHR$nlCHR$n2 130 LPRINTCHR$12 140 NEXTI 150 LPRINTCHR$27”@” 160 END Try this program to see how easy it is MEMO Uni-directionalprinting Internationalcharactersets SPECIALFEATURES OF THE PRINTERSubjectscoveredin Chapter6 inckde Printer’s bell Master reset CHAPTERYou can try this by typing LPRINTCHR$7 Resetting the printer Soundbell Here is what this program will print 70 LPRINT “This 1ine is Norma1 space. ” 80 END 10 ‘ Demo of adjusting spaces40 LPRINTCHR$27 “ “ CHR.$ 50 LPRINT “This 1ine is added” I “spaces. ” 60 NEXTESC “U” O Print in one directionESC “U” Print in both directionsThe seven bit dilemma ESC “=” Turn the eighth bit ONESC “” Turn the eighth bit OFFFigure 6-1. Character set #2 40 LPRINTCHR$179CHR$~2CHR$5CHR$32 CHR$5CHR$32CHR$179 10 LPRINTCHR$27 “6”20 LPRINTCHR$218CHR$196 CHR$196CHR$196 CHR$196CHR$196CHR$191 30 LPRINTCHR$179CHR$53CHR$32 CHR$32 CHR$32CHR$32CHR$179J +y+$ i’ $+ Italy Let’s see how these commands work with the following pro- gram Printablecode area expansion When you run this program, you will get like this H The optional sheet feeder Definemacro 10 LPRINTCHR$27 “Q”CHR$40 20 LPRINTCHR$27 “a” CHR$2 J,#%./.?., x+ 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F102 DE MEMO Designingand printingyour own characters User-designedgraphics DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS AND DOT GRAPHICSCHAPTER Subjectscoveredin Chapter7 include‘0000 Page 1~ 2, ?i+i@ r-----------‘----‘-’~ 0 000 1011 = 11 decimal ~ESC “&” CHR$0 nl n2 mOml m2 m3 m4 m5 m6 m7 m8 m9 m10 mll ESC “” CHR$0 CHR$0 CHR$0 8,241 10 LPRINT CHR$27 “ “’ CHR$O CHR$O CHR$O60 LPRINT CHRSMM 70 NEXT M 80 NEXT ?-i LPRINTDESIGNING YOUR OWN NLQ CHARACTERS 430 LPR1NT CHii$27 “%0” 440 I-FRIN’r, tih+$27 “so’”460 LPRINT CHR$27 “T’” 470 END DEFINING PROPORTIONAL CHARACTERSNLQcharacters ‘-””’7 4, 48, 14. 48, 1.4 30 LPRINT CHR$27“&”CHR$0CHR$60 CHR$6250 FOR M=OTO 60 READ MM USER-DESIGNEDDOT GRAPHICS u . s . EXPORTSPage “CHR$2nl n2 ml m2 ...~ ESC”*” CHR$0nl n2 ESC’’~’CHR$4 nl n2Plotter ESC”*” CHR$5 nl n29-pin graphics mode In addition, you can select the print density by the value of nO. When nOis Othe normal density is selcted, and when nOis 1 the double density is selected MEMO Changingthe ribbon c Replacingthe printhead CARING FOR YOUR PRINTERSubjectscoveredin Chapter8 include Cleaningthe printer CHAPTER‘igure 8-1. Unhooktabs to pry open the cartridge Page Page Pri able orcover MEMO ~ 1 Y/ . -$ DIP SWITCH SETTINGSAPPENDIX A Switch Function 1-2 This switch selects the default character style. If this switch is on the default character style is nor- mal draft characters. If this switch is off the default character style is Near Letter Quality NLQ characters. This switch is set on at the factory SwitchU.S.A. France GermanyEnglandDenmarkSwedenItaly Spain APPENDIX B ASCII CODESAND CONVERSIONCHARTCharacterset Standard ASCIIPage “~“~ “ 1’Characterset Page 252 FC 1111 253 FD 1111 254 FE 1111 255 FF 1111 StandardASCIICodes Decimal Hexadecimal Binary242 F2 1111 243 F3 1111 24J F4 1111 24S F5 1111 246 F6 1111 24T F7 1111 248 F8 1111 249 F9 1111 250 FA 1111 251 FB 1111 lollMEMO APPENDIX C FUNCTIONCODESSelects an international character PURPOSECancels italic charactersSelects character set#l Selects character set #2Page 137 Font Ditch controls Sets the print pitch to picaSets the print pitch to elite p~TRposE PURPOSE for the remainder of the current line Cancels expanded print ESC “w” oSets the printer to expanded print PURPOSESets the printer to expanded printfor details boldface, italics, underlining, or any combination of these, as determined by n, a number from O to 255. See TableSelects boldface printing Cancels emphasized printing ESC “F”Cancels boldface printing ESC “H” Selects emphasized printingSelects superscripts ESC “s” o Cancels underliningSelects underlining subscript CancelsSelects subscripts superscriptfeed CONTROLLING THE VERTICAL PRINT POSITIONAdvances the paper one line linePURPOSESets line spacing to n/216 inch Sets line spacing to 1/8inchSets line spacing to 7/72 inch n172inch Sets or Defines line spacing ton/216 inch PURPOSESets line spacing to 1/6 inch, or Uses ESC “A” definitionSends a one-time paper feed of PURPOSEAdvances the paper to the top of the next page form feed Sends a one-time reverse feed of n/216 inchSets print position to n lines Page 151 9 Top/Bottom margins and vertical tabs Cancels top and bottom margins ESC “o”Sets the top margin Sets the bottom margin ESC “N” n 27 78 ntical tab position n2 n3n2 n3 PURPOSEAdvances paper to the next verSets vertical tab positions every n lines ESC “e” 1 n 27 101 1 n ESC “b” nOnl n2 n3 27 98 nO nl n2 n3 IB 62 nOnl n2 n3Sets vertical tab positions in a channel Returns print Page nln2n3 nln2n3nln.Zz3 Moves the print head to a specified horizontal position Moves the print head to an ab solute horizontal position27 32 n ESC “space” nDefines download characters into RAM 27 38 0 nl n2 mO ml ... mll m12 ... m46IB 26 00 nl n2 mOml ... mll m12 ... m46 NOTE This commandis ignoredwhen theDIP switch2-1is seton“YO” Prints normal-density graphics 27 7.5 nl n2 ml m2 IB 4B nl n2 ml m2nl n2 ml m2 27 76 nl n2 ml m2 IB 4C nl n2 ml m2n2 ml n2 mln2 ml n2 mlESC “*” nOnl n2 ml m2 27 42 nO nl n2 ml m2 Selects 9-pin graphics ESC “ - “ nO nl n2 ml m2 27 94 nOnl n2 ml m2 IB 5E nOnl n2 ml m2Redefines the graphics mode ESC “?” nO nl MACRO INSTRUCTION COMMANDS OTHER COMMANDS PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE Page PURPOSE PURPOSE 27 85Page decimal ASCII PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE tiODE Page PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII “o” “” Ejects paper Ejects paperMEMO APPENDIX D COMMANDSUMMARY IN NUMERICORDER2 mO ml ..... mll m12 ..... m46 riollble-sneefl n2 n3 ... CHR$0ESC “Y” nl n2 ml m2 n2 mlnl ?2.2 ESC “Z”nl n2 ml m2nOnl n2 ml m2 Printing Printing method Printing speed TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSAPPENDIX E Line spacing Column width Special.features PaperPrinter Environment Ribbon Print head life Serial interface optionMEMO APPENDIX F THE PARALLEL INTERFACE‘“s’ L L,’x L “L. LJ When this signal goes LOW the printer isIwhen Page APPENDIX G SERIAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONSTTnllsed1 Page ACK protocol ~q ~ Figure G-2. Serial protocol timing chartsSerial busy protocol I byte mode Serial busy protocol 1 block mode9-pingraphics,112 INDEXAttributebyte Autofeed mode ESC “a”n, 75, 158 ESC “B”, 71, 152 ESC “b”, 73, 153 ESC “C”, 62 ESC “*” n, 109ESC“6”,84, 88, 135, 172 ESC‘7”, 84, 88, 135 ESC “8”,170 ESC“9”,170 ESC “”, 102, 160 ESC“”, 82, 171 ESC “=”, 84TOF, 9 Formfeed commands,149 Formfeed,reverse,61 Forwardmicro-feed,35Gap,adjusting,16 Graphics,84 CRT, 110,111 Zero,normal,80, 167 slash,80 60,140VT, 70,152 Wordprocessing,22 WordStar,22 XON/XOFFprotocol,194 UK Market WorldwideHeadquutiersAmerican Market EuropeanMarketPage PRINTED IN JAPAN