User’s Guide
Data Acquisition / Switch Unit
Convenient Data Logging Features
Flexible Data Acquisition/ Switching Features
The Front Panel at a Glance
Denotes a menu key. See the next page for details on menu operation
The Front-PanelMenus at a Glance
Tip
Display Annunciators
WARNING
The Rear Panel at a Glance
HP BenchLink Data Logger Software at a Glance
The Plug-InModules at a Glance
HP 34901A 20-ChannelArmature Multiplexer
HP 34902A 16-ChannelReed Multiplexer
HP 34903A 20-Channel Actuator/General-PurposeSwitch
HP 34904A 4x8 Two-WireMatrix Switch
HP 34905/6A Dual 4-ChannelRF Multiplexers
HP 34907A Multifunction Module
HP 34908A 40-Channel Single-EndedMultiplexer
In This Book
Contents
Contents
Page
Page
Page
Quick Start
To Prepare the Instrument for Use
To Prepare the Instrument for Use
1 Check the list of supplied items
2Connect the power cord and turn on the instrument
3Perform a complete self-test
Installing HP BenchLink Data Logger Software
Installing HP BenchLink Data Logger Software
Installation Procedure
If you are running Windows 95 or Windows NT 4.0 ®
Settings | Control Panel
Start
Creating Installation Floppy Disks
Note
Create disks
On-LineHelp System
To Connect Wiring to a Module
To Connect Wiring to a Module
1Remove the module cover
2Connect wiring to the screw terminals
3Route wiring through strain relief
4Replace the module cover
Thermocouple
DC Voltage / AC Voltage / Frequency
2-WireOhms / RTD / Thermistor
DC Current / AC Current
4-WireOhms / RTD
To Set the Time and Date
To Set the Time and Date
1Set the time of day
2Set the date
To Configure a Channel for Scanning
To Configure a Channel for Scanning
1Select the channel to be added to the scan list
2Select the measurement parameters for the selected channel
3Run the scan and store the readings in non-volatilememory
SCAN
4View the data from the scan
To Copy a Channel Configuration
To Copy a Channel Configuration
1Select the channel to copy the configuration from
2Select the copy function
3Select the channel to copy the configuration to
4Copy the channel configuration to the selected channel
To Close a Channel
To Close a Channel
1 Select the channel
2 Close the selected channel
3 Open the selected channel
If the Instrument Does Not Turn On
If the Instrument Does Not Turn On
1Verify that there is ac power to the instrument
2Verify the power-linevoltage setting
3Verify that the power-linefuse is good
Remove the power cord
To Adjust the Carrying Handle
To Adjust the Carrying Handle
Bench-topviewing positions
To Rack Mount the Instrument
To Rack Mount the Instrument
To remove the rubber bumper, stretch a corner and then slide it off
To rack mount a single instrument, order adapter kit
Page
Front-PanelOverview
Chapter 2 Front-PanelOverview
Front-PanelMenu Reference
Front-PanelMenu Reference
chapter shows examples of using the front-panelmenus
Page
To Monitor a Single Channel
To Monitor a Single Channel
1Select the channel to be monitored
2Enable monitoring on the selected channel
MON
To Set a Scan Interval
To Set a Scan Interval
1Select the interval scan mode
2Select the scan count
3 Run the scan and store the readings in memory
To Apply Mx+B Scaling to Measurements
To Apply Mx+B Scaling to Measurements
1Configure the channel
2Set the gain and offset values
3Select the custom label
4Run the scan and store the scaled readings in memory
To Configure Alarm Limits
To Configure Alarm Limits
2Select which of the four alarms you want to use
3Select the alarm mode on the selected channel
4 Set the limit value
5Run the scan and store the readings in memory
To Read a Digital Input Port
To Read a Digital Input Port
1Select the Digital Input port
2Read the specified port
' 2 8 7 Binary Display Shown
'287 Decimal Display Shown
To Read the Totalizer Count
To Read the Totalizer Count
1Select the totalizer channel
2Configure the totalize mode
3Read the count
To Output a DC Voltage
To Output a DC Voltage
1Select a DAC Output channel
2Enter the output voltage editor
3Set the desired output voltage
4Output the voltage from the selected DAC
To Configure the Remote Interface
To Configure the Remote Interface
1Select the HP-IBinterface
2Select the HP-IBaddress
3 Save the change and exit the menu
1 Select the RS-232interface
2Select the baud rate
3Select the parity and number of data bits
4Select the flow control method
5 Save the changes and exit the menu
7(67BUDFNB
Page
System Overview
Chapter 3 System Overview
Data Acquisition System Overview
You can use the PC to provide easy configuration and data presentation
∙ You can use a single PC to monitor multiple instruments and
measurement points while performing other PC-basedtasks
Measurement Software
Data Logging and Monitoring
HP BenchLink Data Logger
Automated Testing with Multiple Instruments
The HP 34970A Data Acquisition / Switch Unit
Plug-InModules
System Cabling
The plug-inmodules have screw-terminalconnectors to make it easy to
connect your system cabling. The type of cabling that you use to connect
your signals, transducers, and sensors to the module is critical to
measurement success. Some types of transducers, such as thermocouples
Transducers and Sensors
Alarm Limits
Signal Routing and Switching
Signal Routing and Switching
Switching Topologies
Multiplexer Switching
Matrix Switching
Form C (SPDT) Switching
Measurement Input
Measurement Input
The Internal DMM
Signal Conditioning, Ranging, and Amplification
Analog-to-Digital
Conversion (ADC)
Main Processor
Scanning
Page
Scanning With External Instruments
The Multifunction Module
Digital Input
Totalizer
Control Output
Control Output
Digital Output
Voltage (DAC) Output
The Actuator / General-PurposeSwitch
Page
Features and Functions
SCPI Language Conventions
SCPI Language Conventions
Rules for Using a Channel List
scc
Scanning
Scanning
Rules for Scanning
MEM
Page
Page
Power Failure
Adding Channels to a Scan List
To Build a Scan List From the Front Panel:
To Build a Scan List From the Remote Interface:
Interval Scanning
Page
Scan Once
ONCE
External Scanning
Ext Trig Connector
EXT
Scanning on Alarm
Page
Scan Count
Reading Format
Channel Delay
Automatic Channel Delays
Viewing Readings Stored in Memory
LAST
MIN
MAX
AVG
Page
Single-ChannelMonitoring
Single-ChannelMonitoring
Page
Scanning With External Instruments
Scanning With External Instruments
Page
Page
General Measurement Configuration
General Measurement Configuration
Measurement Range
Page
Measurement Resolution
This is the 10 Vdc range, 51⁄2 digits are displayed
This is the 100 mVdc range, 41⁄2 digits are displayed
This is the 100 ohm range, 61⁄2 digits are displayed
Page
Page
Custom A/D Integration Time
Page
Autozero
Temperature Measurement Configuration
Temperature Measurement Configuration
Measurement Units
Thermocouple Measurements
Page
Page
RTD Measurements
Page
Thermistor Measurements
Voltage Measurement Configuration
Voltage Measurement Configuration
DC Input Resistance
20 Hz
Resistance Measurement Configuration
Resistance Measurement Configuration
Offset Compensation
Current Measurement Configuration
Current Measurement Configuration
Page
Frequency Measurement Configuration
Frequency Measurement Configuration
Low Frequency Timeout
Mx+B Scaling
Measure
Page
Alarm Limits
Page
Four TTL alarm outputs are available on the
Alarms
For complete details, refer to
“Using the Alarm Output Lines” on page
The following table shows the different combinations of
Page
Viewing Stored Alarm Data
SYSTEM:ALARM
The following is an example of an alarm stored in the alarm queue
(if no alarm data is in the queue, the command returns “0” for each field)
Using the Alarm Output Lines
Alarms Connector
Page
Using Alarms With the Multifunction Module
OUTPut:ALARm[1|2|3|4]:SOURce (@<ch_list>)
To configure alarms on the specified digital input channel, use
the following commands (also see the example on the following page)
the following commands
EQUal
Example: Configuring an Alarm on a Digital Input
Digital Input Operations
Digital Input Operations
Page
Totalizer Operations
Totalizer Operations
Page
Page
Digital Output Operations
Digital Output Operations
DAC Output Operations
DAC Output Operations
System-RelatedOperations
State Storage
Page
Error Conditions
ERROR
Self-Test
Display Control
Real-TimeSystem Clock
Internal DMM Disable
Firmware Revision Query
Relay Cycle Count
Page
SCPI Language Version Query
Remote Interface Configuration
Remote Interface Configuration
HP-IBAddress
Remote Interface Selection
Baud Rate Selection (RS-232)
Parity Selection (RS-232)
None
Flow Control Selection (RS-232)
Page
Calibration Overview
Calibration Overview
Calibration Security
To Unsecure for Calibration
To Secure Against Calibration
To Change the Security Code
Calibration Message
Calibration Count
Factory Reset State
Factory Reset State
FACTORY RESET
Instrument Preset State
Instrument Preset State
PRESET
Multiplexer Module Default Settings
Multiplexer Module Default Settings
Module Overview
Module Overview
Reference Module
HP 34901A 20-ChannelMultiplexer
HP 34901A 20-ChannelMultiplexer
When making 4-wireresistance measurements, the instrument automatically
Page
HP 34902A 16-ChannelMultiplexer
HP 34902A 16-ChannelMultiplexer
Page
HP 34903A 20-ChannelActuator
HP 34903A 20-ChannelActuator
Page
HP 34904A 4x8 Matrix Switch
HP 34904A 4x8 Matrix Switch
Page
HP 34905A/6A Dual 4-ChannelRF Multiplexers
HP 34905A/6A Dual 4-ChannelRF Multiplexers
These modules consist of two independent 4-to-1multiplexers
Page
HP 34907A Multifunction Module
HP 34907A Multifunction Module
Digital Input/Output
Totalize Input
Analog Output (DAC)
Page
HP 34908A 40-Channel Single-EndedMultiplexer
HP 34908A 40-Channel Single-EndedMultiplexer
Page
Page
Remote Interface Reference
SCPI Command Summary
SCPI Command Summary
Rules for Using scan_list and ch_list Parameters
scan_list
ch_list
Scan Measurement Commands
(see page 226 for more information)
TCouple
Monitor Commands
(see page 237 for more information)
Scan Configuration Commands
RELative
Scan Statistics Commands
(see page 233 for more information)
Scan Memory Commands
(see page 235 for more information)
Scanning With an External Instrument
(see page 239 for more information)
TIMer
Temperature Configuration Commands
(see page 219 for more information)
INTernal
Voltage Configuration Commands
(see page 223 for more information)
Resistance Configuration Commands
(see page 224 for more information)
Current Configuration Commands
Valid only on channels 21 and 22 on the HP 34901A multiplexer module
Frequency and Period Configuration Commands
(see page 214 for more information)
Mx+B Scaling Commands
(see page 244 for more information)
Alarm Limit Commands
(see page 247 for more information)
LATCh
NEGative
Digital Input Commands
(see page 255 for more information)
BYTE
Totalizer Commands
(see page 256 for more information)
Digital Output Commands
(see page 258 for more information)
DAC Output Commands
Switch Control Commands
(see page 259 for more information)
Scan Triggering Commands
(see page 228 for more information)
State Storage Commands
(see page 261 for more information)
System-RelatedCommands
(see page 264 for more information)
Interface Configuration Commands
(see page 269 for more information)
Status System Commands
(see page 286 for more information)
Calibration Commands
(see page 292 for more information)
Service-RelatedCommands
(see page 294 for more information)
IEEE 488.2 Common Commands
Simplified Programming Overview
Simplified Programming Overview
Using the MEASure? Command
Using the CONFigure Command
Using the range and resolution Parameters
range
resolution
Using the READ? Command
Caution
Using the INITiate and FETCh? Commands
Page
Page
The MEASure? and CONFigure Commands
The MEASure? and CONFigure Commands
MEASure? Command Syntax
MEASure:TEMPerature?5 TCouple,{B|E|J|K|N|R|S|T|DEF}
MEASure:TEMPerature? {RTD|FRTD},{85|91|DEF}
MEASure:TEMPerature? {THERmistor},{2252|5000|10000|DEF}
MEASure:VOLTage:DC
MEASure:VOLTage:AC
[{<range>|AUTO|MIN|MAX|DEF}
MEASure:RESistance
MEASure:FRESistance
MEASure:CURRent:DC
MEASure:CURRent:AC
MEASure:FREQuency
MEASure:DIGital:BYTE? (@<scan_list>)
MEASure:TOTalize? {READ|RRESet} ,(@<scan_list>)
CONFigure Command Syntax
CONFigure:TEMPerature {TCouple},{B|E|J|K|N|R|S|T|DEF}
CONFigure:TEMPerature {RTD|FRTD},{85|91|DEF}
CONFigure:TEMPerature {THERmistor},{2252|5000|10000|DEF}
CONFigure:VOLTage:DC
CONFigure:VOLTage:AC
CONFigure:RESistance
CONFigure:FRESistance
CONFigure:CURRent:DC
CONFigure:FREQuency
CONFigure:PERiod
CONFigure:DIGital:BYTE (@<scan_list>)
CONFigure:TOTalize {READ|RRESet} ,(@<scan_list>)
CONFigure? [(@<ch_list>)]
Setting the Function, Range, and Resolution
Setting the Function, Range, and Resolution
[SENSe:]FUNCtion "<function>"[,(@<ch_list>)]
[SENSe:]FUNCtion? [(@<ch_list>)]
Page
Page
100 ms
TEMPerature
:NPLC {0.02|0.2|1|2|10|20|100|200|MIN|MAX}[,(@<ch_list>)]
VOLTage:DC
RESistance
FRESistance
Temperature Configuration Commands
General Temperature Commands
UNIT
[SENSe:]TEMPerature:TRANsducer
[SENSe:]TEMPerature
Thermocouple Commands
[SENSe:
TEMPerature:TRANsducer :TCouple:TYPE
:TCouple:TYPE
Select the thermocouple type to use on the specified channels
:CHEC
:RJUN
[SENSe:]TEMPerature:RJUNction? [(@<ch _list>)]
+2.89753100E+01
RTD Commands
:REF
+1.00000000E+02
Thermistor Commands
SENSe:
Voltage Configuration Commands
INPut
ZERO:AUTO {OFF|ONCE|ON}[,(@<ch_list>)] ZERO:AUTO? [{(@<ch_list>)]
Resistance Configuration Commands
Current Configuration Commands
Frequency Configuration Commands
Frequency Configuration Commands
Scanning Overview
Scanning Overview
Page
Scanning Commands
:SCAN (@<scan_list>) :SCAN
ROUTe:SCAN:SIZE
:SOURce {BUS|IMMediate|EXTernal|ALARm{1|2|3|4}|TIMer}
:SOURce
:TIMer {<seconds>|MIN|MAX}
:TIMer
:COUNt {<count>|MIN|MAX|INFinity}
:COUNt
:CHANnel:DELay <seconds>[,(@<ch_ list>)] :CHANnel:DELay? [(@<ch_list>)]
ABORt
INITiate
READ
*TRG
Reading Format Commands
:READing:ALARm {OFF|ON}
:READing:ALARm
FORMat :READing:CHANnel {OFF|ON}
:READing:CHANnel
:READing:TIME {OFF|ON}
:READing:TIME
:READing:UNIT {OFF|ON}
:READing:UNIT
:READing:TIME:TYPE {ABSolute|RELative}
CALCulate:AVERage:MINimum? [(@<ch_list>)]
CALCulate:AVERage:MINimum:TIME? [(@<ch_list>)]
CALCulate:AVERage:MAXimum? [(@<ch_list>)]
CALCulate:AVERage:MAXimum:TIME? [(@<ch_list>)]
CALCulate:AVERage:AVERage? [(@<ch_list>)]
CALCulate:AVERage:PTPeak? [(@<ch_list>)]
CALCulate:AVERage:COUNt? [(@<ch_list>)]
CALCulate:AVERage:CLEar [(@<ch_list>)]
DATA:LAST
DATA:POINts
DATA:REMove? <num_rdgs
SYSTem:TIME:SCAN
FETCh
Single-ChannelMonitoring Overview
Single-ChannelMonitoring Overview
:MONitor (@<channel>) :MONitor
:MONitor:STATe {OFF|ON}
:MONitor:STATe
ROUTe:MONitor:DATA
Scanning With an External Instrument
:SOURce {BUS|IMMediate|EXTernal|TIMer}
:COUNt {<value>|MIN|MAX|INFinity}
:CHANnel:ADVance:SOURce {EXTernal|BUS|IMMediate}
:CHANnel:ADVance:SOURce
INSTrument
:DMM {OFF|ON}
INSTrument:DMM:INSTalled
Mx+B Scaling Overview
Mx+B Scaling Overview
:SCALe:UNIT
:SCALe:UNIT? [(@<ch_ list>)]
CALCulate:SCALe:OFFSet:NULL (@<ch_list>)
Alarm System Overview
Alarm System Overview
Page
Page
:ALARm[1|2|3|4]:SOURce (@<ch_list>) :ALARm[1|2|3|4]:SOURce
:LIMit:UPPer <value>[,(@<ch_ list>)] :LIMit:UPPer? [(@<ch_list>)]
:LIMit:LOWer <value>[,(@<ch_ list>)] :LIMit:LOWer? [(@<ch_list>)]
Alarm Output Commands
:ALARm:MODE {LATCh|TRACk}
:ALARm:MODE
:ALARm:SLOPe {NEGative|POSitive}
:ALARm:SLOPe
Digital I/O Alarm Commands
:COMPare:TYPE {EQUal|NEQual}[,(@<ch_list>)]
:COMPare:TYPE? [(@<ch_list>)]
:COMPare:DATA <data>[,(@<ch_list>)]
:COMPare:DATA? [(@<ch_list>)]
Page
Digital Input Commands
[SENSe:]DIGital:DATA:{BYTE|WORD}? [(@<ch_list>)]
Totalizer Commands
TOTalize:TYPE {READ|RRESet}[,(@<ch_list>)] TOTalize:TYPE? [(@<ch_list>)]
[SENSe:]TOTalize:CLEar:IMMediate [(@<ch_list>)]
[SENSe:]TOTalize:DATA? [(@<ch_list>)]
Digital Output Commands
:DIGital:DATA[:{BYTE|WORD}] <data> ,(@<ch_list>)
:DIGital:DATA[:{BYTE|WORD}]? (@<ch_list>)
SOURce:DIGital:STATe? (@<ch_list>)
DAC Output Commands
Switch Control Commands
ROUTe:DONE
State Storage Commands
*SAV {0|1|2|3|4|5}
*RCL {0|1|2|3|4|5}
MEMory:STATe
:NAME {1|2|3|4|5} [,<name>] :NAME? {1|2|3|4|5}
MEMory:STATe:DELete {0|1|2|3|4|5}
:RECall:AUTO
MEMory:STATe:VALid? {0|1|2|3|4|5}
MEMory:NSTates
System-RelatedCommands
SYSTem:DATE <yyyy>,<mm>,<dd
SYSTem:DATE
SYSTem:TIME <hh>,<mm>,<ss.sss
SYSTem:TIME
*IDN
SYSTem:CTYPe? {100|200|300}
DIAGnostic
:POKE:SLOT:DATA {100|200|300}, <quoted_string>5 :PEEK:SLOT:DATA? {100|200|300}
DISPlay {OFF|ON}
DISPlay
DISPlay
:TEXT
:TEXT
INSTrument :DMM {OFF|ON}
SYSTem:ERRor
Interface Configuration Commands
SYSTem:INTerface {GPIB|RS232}
SYSTem:LOCal
SYSTem:REMote
SYSTem:RWLock
RS-232Interface Configuration
RS-232Interface Configuration
RS-232Configuration Overview
None / 8 data bits
1 bit
RS-232Flow Control Modes
RS-232Data Frame Format
Connection to a Computer or Terminal
RS-232Troubleshooting
Modem Communications
Modem Communications
The SCPI Status System
The SCPI Status System
What is a Condition Register
What is an Event Register
What is an Enable Register
HP 34970A Status System
The Status Byte Register
Bit Definitions – Status Byte Register
Using Service Request (SRQ) and Serial Poll
Using *STB? to Read the Status Byte
Using the Message Available Bit (MAV)
To Interrupt Your Bus Controller Using SRQ
To Determine When a Command Sequence is Completed
The Questionable Data Register
Bit Definitions – Questionable Data Register
Page
The Standard Event Register
Read the error queue using the SYSTem:ERRor? command
Bit Definitions – Standard Event Register
Page
The Alarm Register
Bit Definitions – Alarm Register
The Standard Operation Register
Bit Definitions – Standard Operation Register
Status System Commands
Status Byte Register Commands
*STB
*SRE
*SRE
Questionable Data Register Commands
STATus:QUEStionable:CONDition
STATus:QUEStionable[:EVENt]
STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle <enable_value
Standard Event Register Commands
*ESR
*ESE
*ESE
Alarm Register Commands
STATus:ALARm:CONDition
STATus:ALARm[:EVENt]
STATus:ALARm:ENABle <enable_value
STATus:ALARm:ENABle
Standard Operation Register Commands
STATus:OPERation:CONDition
STATus:OPERation[:EVENt]
STATus:OPERation:ENABle <enable_value
STATus:OPERation:ENABle
DATA:POINts:EVENt:THReshold <num_rdgs
DATA:POINts:EVENt:THReshold
Miscellaneous Status Register Commands
*CLS
STATus:PRESet
Calibration Commands
CALibration
CALibration:COUNt
CALibration:SECure:CODE <new_code
CALibration:SECure:STATe {OFF|ON},<code
CALibration:SECure:STATe
CALibration:STRing <quoted_string
CALibration:STRing
CALibration:VALue <value
Service-RelatedCommands
DIAGnostic:DMM:CYCLes
DIAGnostic:DMM:CYCLes:CLEar {1|2|3}
DIAGnostic:RELay:CYCLes? [(@<ch_list>)]
DIAGnostic:RELay:CYCLes:CLEar [(@<ch_list>)]
*WAI
An Introduction to the SCPI Language
An Introduction to the SCPI Language
Command Format Used in This Manual
Command Separators
Using the MIN and MAX Parameters
Querying Parameter Settings
SCPI Command Terminators
IEEE-488.2Common Commands
SCPI Parameter Types
Numeric Parameters
Discrete Parameters
Boolean Parameters
String Parameters
Channel List Parameters
Using Device Clear
Using Device Clear
Page
Error Messages
Execution Errors
Execution Errors
Invalid character
Syntax error
Invalid separator
GET not allowed
Header suffix out of range
Invalid character in number
Numeric overflow
Too many digits
Numeric data not allowed
Block data not allowed
Expression data not allowed
Trigger ignored
INIT ignored
Trigger deadlock
Data stale
System error
Error queue overflow
Query
Query UNTERMINATED after indefinite response
Instrument Errors
Instrument Errors
Channel list: slot number out of range
Channel list: channel number out of range
Channel list: empty scan list
Memory lost: stored state
Settings conflict: calculate limit state forced off
Settings conflict: module type does not match stored state
Settings conflict: trig source changed to IMM
Settings conflict: chan adv source changed to IMM
Settings conflict: DMM disabled or missing
Not able to execute while scan initiated
Not able to accept unit names longer than 3 characters
Not able to accept character in unit name
Not able to perform on more than one channel
Not able to recall state: it is empty
Module not able to perform requested operation
Not able to perform requested operation
Part of a 4-wirepair
307Incorrectly configured ref channel
I/O processor: isolator framing error
I/O processor: isolator overrun error
Communications: RS-232framing error
Communications: RS-232overrun error
Communications: RS-232parity error
Self-TestErrors
Calibration Errors
Calibration Errors
Cal: security disabled by jumper
Cal: secured
Cal: invalid secure code
Cal: secure code too long
Page
Plug-InModule Errors
Page
Application Programs
Example Programs for Excel
Example Programs for Excel
Insert
Tools
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Example Programs for C and C++
Example Programs for C and C++
Page
Page
Page
Page
Tutorial
System Cabling and Connections
System Cabling and Connections
Cable Specifications
Page
Grounding Techniques
Shielding Techniques
Separation of High-Leveland Low-LevelSignals
Sources of System Cabling Errors
Radio Frequency Interference
Thermal EMF Errors
Noise Caused by Magnetic Fields
Noise Caused by Ground Loops
Low-Level
AC Measurement Errors
Measurement Fundamentals
Measurement Fundamentals
Rejecting
Power-Line
Noise Voltages
Temperature Measurements
RTD Measurements
Thermistor Measurements
Thermocouple Measurements
Page
Page
Page
Thermocouple Types
Sources of Error in Thermocouple Measurements
Reference Junction Error
Diffusion Error
Shunt Impedance
Shielding
Calculation Error
DC Voltage Measurements
Signal Conditioning for DC Measurements
Sources of Error in DC Voltage Measurements
Common Mode Rejection
Noise Caused by Injected Current
Loading Errors Due to Input Resistance
Loading Errors Due to Input Bias Current
AC Voltage Measurements
Signal Conditioning for AC Measurements
True RMS AC Measurements
Making
High-Speed
AC Measurements
Sources of Error in AC Voltage Measurements
Crest Factor Errors
(non-sinusoidal
inputs)
Page
AC Loading Errors
Page
Measurements Below Full Scale
Temperature Coefficient and Overload Errors
Current Measurements
Sources of Error in DC Current Measurements
Sources of Error in AC Current Measurements
Resistance Measurements
4-Wire
Ohms Measurements
Page
Offset Compensation
Sources of Error in Resistance Measurements
External Voltages
Settling Time Effects
High-Resistance
Measurement Errors
Strain Gage Measurements
Stress
Strain Sensors
Common Uses for Strain Gages
Making Strain Gage Measurements
Temperature Effects
Frequency and Period Measurements
Sources of Error in Frequency and Period Measurements
Low-LevelSignal Multiplexing and Switching
Low-LevelSignal Multiplexing and Switching
One-Wire (Single-Ended)Multiplexers
(for more information on the purpose of an isothermal block, see
Two-WireMultiplexers
for more information on the purpose of an isothermal block, see
Four-WireMultiplexers
Signal Routing and Multiplexing
Sources of Error in Multiplexing and Switching
Page
Actuators and General-PurposeSwitching
Actuators and General-PurposeSwitching
Snubber Circuits
RC Protection Networks
Using Varistors
Using Attenuators
ModuleReference
Matrix Switching
Matrix Switching
Combining Matrices
RF Signal Multiplexing
RF Signal Multiplexing
Sources of Error in RF Switching
Multifunction Module
Digital Input
Digital Output
Using an External Pull-Up
Driving External Switches
Totalizer
Totalizer Errors
Voltage (DAC) Output
DAC Errors
Relay Life and Preventative Maintenance
Relay Life and Preventative Maintenance
Relay Life
Relay Load
Switching Frequency
Replacement Strategy
Specifications
Chapter 9 Specifications
DC, Resistance, and Temperature Accuracy Specifications
DC, Resistance, and Temperature Accuracy Specifications
DC Measurement and Operating Characteristics
DC Measurement and Operating Characteristics
AC Accuracy Specifications
AC Accuracy Specifications
AC Measurement and Operating Characteristics
AC Measurement and Operating Characteristics
Measurement Rates and System Characteristics
Measurement Rates and System Characteristics
Module Specifications
Page
Typical AC Performance Graphs
Typical AC Performance Graphs
Software Specifications
Product and Module Dimensions
Product and Module Dimensions
To Calculate Total Measurement Error
To Calculate Total Measurement Error
Understanding the “ % of reading ” Error
Understanding the “ % of range ” Error
Total Measurement Error
Interpreting Internal DMM Specifications
Interpreting Internal DMM Specifications
Number of Digits and Overrange
Sensitivity
Resolution
Accuracy
24-HourAccuracy
90-Dayand 1-YearAccuracy
Temperature Coefficients
Configuring for Highest Accuracy Measurements
Configuring for Highest Accuracy Measurements
DC Voltage, DC Current, and Resistance Measurements:
AC Voltage and AC Current Measurements:
Frequency and Period Measurements:
Index
Index