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Chapter 8 Tutorial

Measurement Fundamentals

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Image 348

HP 34970A manual Z4 z

Contents

Ow INURFg k D Fo Y b kr C C v hPage No Changes Scan Use the Menu to Yh R Fo Y k Zy y Yh AFD7P HS y Yy y Y y y Ks GHPDEc FDe c p ∙ d Ks GHPDGc FDe Ci Ks GHPDHc H w pKs GHPDICLc feh p Ks GHPDMc p p Ks GHPDOc HDe vg∙ d BHE8 Hs r F7o r8 Fo Delhax 6 8 a Express Exchange Contents Contents Contents Contents Page Shift w User’s Guide5 Service Guide5 Quick Reference Guide5 To install the software, seeTo Prepare the Instrument for Use Instrument does not turn on properly, see Installing HP BenchLink Data Logger Software Settings Control PanelAdd/Remove Programs Install/Uninstall File Run fww xw \setup 0H1 To Connect Wiring to a Module Wzw Ml lil l To Set the Time and Date To Configure a Channel for Scanning Jyw 877 Qw z wz zyw Ww yw Yz yw wy To Copy a Channel Configuration $6772 To Close a Channel Yzz Z3 w wwz yz w yw3 ywz w zw wz Zz yw z w w3 w If the Instrument Does Not Turn On Hq FGPN8a t gUpt 9AN w 9A8 w Zwx 4 y Yy ww To Adjust the Carrying Handle Bench-top viewing positions To Rack Mount the Instrument Quick Start Page Page Front-Panel Menu Reference X xz Zx x Configure system-related instrument parameters To Monitor a Single Channel 1759$/6&$1 To Set a Scan Interval $%/$6/%6 To Apply Mx+B Scaling to Measurements To Configure Alarm Limits + ,$/$5021 To Configure Alarm Limits To Read a Digital Input Port Ty H 7 h k To Write to a Digital Output Port $567 To Read the Totalizer Count To Output a DC Voltage To Configure the Remote Interface +3,% 91,%,76 +$1*6$9 To Store the Instrument StatePage Computer System Data Acquisition System Overview Advantages Disadvantages Fo Y k 4yx Wg AFD7O Xx x AFD7O Sdd5 l Xz x x HP BenchLink Data Logger STcaLm p EFC Signal Routing Model Number Module Name Common Uses System Cabling and Connections starting on Cable Type Common Uses Comments Kxz zx x z Kzx Z3 x z x R3 U3 b5 Signal Routing and Switching Relay Cycle Count on HD8 N7v 2rc3 lS7v l D7v X zzx 87 dW X x zx3 Y z z y5 Measurement Input Sdd’s signal-conditioning OSR5 Scan Count GND BWa3 HL8 Y zx Xx5 p zx x x z x x zx x z5 Control Output HH8 FB W 2 bWa ELI Features and Functions Features and Functions Scpi Language Conventions Scpi Language Conventions Scanning Scanning Scanning Scanning Power Fails Scanning Fxx xx tz tzx 978 vt Yt z xx Scan Count Select the interval timer configuration Set the scan interval to 5 secondsSweep the scan list 2 times Initiate the scan Select the bus once configuration ∙ Front-Panel OperationGroup Execute Trigger Ext Trig Connector Select the external trigger configurationSee Scan Count on page 86 for more information Sx wxt vyzz tw z ttxyx Alarm Limits starting on On page 86 for more information Fxxv x ttvzt Fxxx vt 9Ex tt Mt Fxxv tx Sctxt ∙ exx Vxytvx bxt Scanning CH Delay Time Integration Time Channel Delay Range Channel DelayAC Filter Channel Delay ∙ Sctxt Readings Twz vtx Gt zzxwTtwz vtx Aux twz x vtx Single-Channel Monitoring Single-Channel Monitoring ROUTMONDATA? Scanning With External Instruments Scanning With External Instruments Scanning With External Instruments Fxxv t t Fxvx vtx twvxFx t t a xvw Fxx t General Measurement Configuration General Measurement Configuration Change the range setting This is the 10 Vdc range, 51⁄2 digits are displayed 101 102 Integration Time Resolution Digits Bits WX c 104 105 Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature , Thermocouple 109 MoX g To connect an RTD to the module’s screw terminals, see 111 To connect a thermistor to the module’s screw terminals, see ∙ Remote Interface Operation You can use the MEASure? or Voltage Measurement Configuration Voltage Measurement ConfigurationXW c Mx wv tzx tx UW f Mx tv tzx tw tv Resistance Measurement Configuration Resistance Measurement ConfigurationTo connect resistances to the module’s screw terminals, see Current Measurement Configuration Current Measurement ConfigurationApplies to ac current and ac voltage measurements only 117 Frequency Measurement Configuration Frequency Measurement ConfigurationSensfreqranglow 3,@203 Select the slow timeout 3 Hz Mx+B Scaling Mx+B Scaling Vy x x tx tux Xtx x Strain Gage Measurements on 121 Alarm Limits Alarm Limits Ux yzx tz x y Using the Alarm Output Lines on Then, choose from the following alarm conditions Alarm queue is cleared when you read the alarms 126 127 Alarms Connector Otz x y x x vtx x x vtzx Oxt ttOxt y tt 130 131 Calccompmask command decimal Result no alarm generatedPt tw y /wxvt 8=B0 Or result Digital Input Operations Digital Input Operations Extw Extw uMww 79 xtw t Totalizer Operations Totalizer Operations 136 137 Digital Output Operations Digital Output Operations DAC Output Operations DAC Output OperationsX vxM Xx / PMO vt05 System-Related Operations System-Related Operations 141 Vx z Extw tx x Turns on. See the Uc =EC7M fxvx Twx Xt t z uxxExx Vxytvx bxt Returns 0 if the self-test is successful or 1 if it fails 144 Fxx Fxt Wx 83 8EEC HEWLETT-PACKARD,34901A,0,X.X System-Related Operations 148 NWkc f Vtxx fOcV yx ytx5 Remote Interface Configuration Remote Interface ConfigurationBkcV U 151 NDC5 KDC5Vt xx utw x ytx 3mnCDC5 Lt vx y vxw y y5 154 Calibration Overview Calibration Overview 156 Hv w vwx 158 159 Factory Reset State Factory Reset State Instrument Preset State Instrument Preset State Multiplexer Module Default Settings Multiplexer Module Default Settings Module Overview Module OverviewSx xvyvt xtv 4w3 yx x x xv vt E5 HP 34901A 20-Channel Multiplexer HP 34901A 20-Channel Multiplexer Slot Number Name Function Comments HP 34902A 16-Channel Multiplexer HP 34902A 16-Channel Multiplexer 167 HP 34903A 20-Channel Actuator HP 34903A 20-Channel Actuator 169 HP 34904A 4x8 Matrix Switch HP 34904A 4x8 Matrix Switch Name Comments HP 34905A/6A Dual 4-Channel RF Multiplexers HP 34905A/6A Dual 4-Channel RF Multiplexers 173 HP 34907A Multifunction Module HP 34907A Multifunction Module Slot Number 100 200 Digital Input / OutputTotalizer DAC Output HP 34908A 40-Channel Single-Ended Multiplexer HP 34908A 40-Channel Single-Ended Multiplexer 177 Remote Interface Reference Remote Interface Reference Scpi Command Summary Scpi Command Summary Eyy Scpi Command Summary Scan Measurement Commands Monitor CommandsZz vz 99B Zz vz 9C Scpi Command Summary Scan Configuration Commands Scpi Command Summary Scan Statistics Commands Scan Memory CommandsZz vz Zz vz 9A Scpi Command Summary Scanning With an External Instrument Zz vz 9E Scpi Command Summary Temperature Configuration Commands Zz vz 98E Scpi Command Summary Voltage Configuration Commands Scpi Command Summary Resistance Configuration Commands Scpi Command Summary Current Configuration Commands Zz vz Kvy vz 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 191 Scpi Command Summary Mx+B Scaling Commands Scpi Command Summary Alarm Limit Commands Scpi Command Summary Digital Input Commands Totalizer CommandsZz vz 9AB Scpi Command Summary Digital Output Commands DAC Output CommandsSwitch Control Commands Zz vz 9AD Scpi Command Summary Scan Triggering Commands State Storage CommandsZz vz 99D Zz vz 9B8 Scpi Command Summary System-Related Commands Zz vz 9B Scpi Command Summary Interface Configuration Commands Status System CommandsZz vz 9BE Zz vz 9DB Scpi Command Summary Calibration Commands Service-Related CommandsZz vz 9E9 Scpi Command Summary Ieee 488.2 Common Commands Simplified Programming Overview Simplified Programming Overview CONFigure zy yvz w MEASure? v z vzINITiate xy z vy 5 iz z Xy z y zvy Range 41⁄2 Digits Gz z READ? xvy z z Xv zy zyv w z FETCh? xv3 zxz z Vy vz zy vy z 205 V v zz vzy z Xv3 ABORt x Qzxz Pzvzz vz MEASure? and CONFigure Commands MEASure? and CONFigure CommandsGeneral Measurement Configuration starting on MEASure? Command Syntax MEASureTEMPerature? RTDFRTD,8591DEF YzzMEASureVOLTageDC? MEASureVOLTageAC? MINMAXDEF, @ MEASureRESistance? MEASureFRESistance? MEASureCURRentDC? MEASureCURRentAC?Pz vz vz vzy Xv 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 MEASureFREQuency? MEASurePERiod? MEASureTOTalize? READRRESet ,@ MEASureDIGitalBYTE? @ MEASure? and CONFigure Commands CONFigure Command Syntax CONFigureTEMPerature TCouple,BEJKNRSTDEF Minmaxdef ,@tCONFigureTEMPerature RTDFRTD,8591DEF CONFigureVOLTageDC CONFigureVOLTageAC Autominmaxdef CONFigureRESistance CONFigureFRESistanceCONFigureCURRentDC CONFigureCURRentAC Pzzvzz vz vzy xv 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 CONFigureFREQuency CONFigurePERiod Autominmaxdef CONFigureDIGitalBYTE @CONFigureTOTalize READRRESet ,@ CONFigure? @x Setting the Function, Range, and Resolution Setting the Function, Range, and ResolutionSee also General Measurement Configuration in starting on SENSeFUNCtion SENSe VOLTageDCRANGe? @x VOLTageACRANGe? @xRESistanceRANGe? @x FRESistanceRANGe? @x SENSe VOLTageDCRESolution? @x RESistanceRESolution? @xFRESistanceRESolution? @x CURRentDCRESolution? @x SENSe VOLTageDCAPERture? @x RESistanceAPERture? @xFRESistanceAPERture? @x CURRentDCAPERture? @x SENSe TEMPerature VOLTageDCRESistance FRESistance Temperature Configuration Commands General Temperature Commands Temperature Configuration Commands Thermocouple Commands SENSeTEMPeratureRJUNction? @x Temperature Configuration Commands RTD Commands Thermistor Commands Voltage Configuration Commands See also Voltage Measurement Configuration in starting onINPut IMPedanceAUTO OFFON,@x IMPedanceAUTO? @x SENSe Zeroauto OFFONCEON,@x ZEROAUTO? @x Resistance Configuration Commands Current Configuration Commands Frequency Configuration Commands Frequency Configuration CommandsSee also Frequency Measurement Configuration in starting on Scanning Overview Scanning OverviewSee also Scanning in starting on Scanning Overview Scanning Overview Scanning Commands TRIGger SOURce BUSIMMediateEXTernalALARm1234TIMer SOURce?ROUTe Scan @ SCAN? ROUTeSCANSIZE? TRIGger TIMer y Minmax TIMer? ROUTe CHANnelDELay yCHANnelDELay? @x TRIGger COUNt x MINMAXINFinity COUNt? ROUTe CHANnelDELayAUTO OFFON,@x CHANnelDELayAUTO? @x ABORtINITiate Scanning Overview Reading Format Commands FORMat READingALARm Offon READingALARm?FORMat READingCHANnel Offon READingCHANnel? FORMat READingTIME Offon READingTIME? FORMat READingUNIT Offon READingUNIT?FORMat READingTIMETYPE ABSoluteRELative READingTIMETYPE? Hz vxz Scanning Overview Scan Statistics Commands CALCulateAVERageMINimum? @xCALCulateAVERageMINimumTIME? @x CALCulateAVERageMAXimum? @x CALCulateAVERageAVERage? @x CALCulateAVERagePTPeak? @xCALCulateAVERageCOUNt? @x CALCulateAVERageCLEar @x Scanning Overview Scan Memory Commands DATAPOINts?DATAREMove? t See Reading Format Commands on SYSTemTIMESCAN?FETCh? ? tx Single-Channel Monitoring Overview Single-Channel Monitoring Overview ROUTe MONitor @xvz MONitor? ROUTe MONitorSTATe Offon MONitorSTATe?ROUTeMONitorDATA? Scanning With an External Instrument TRIGger SOURce BUSIMMediateEXTernalTIMer SOURce? TRIGger COUNt z MINMAXINFinity COUNt? Y z v Qaa ywy y Ud EC7N5 ROUTe CHANnelFWIRe Offon ,@x CHANnelFWIRe? @x INSTrumentDMMINSTalled?INSTrument Mx+B Scaling Overview Mx+B Scaling OverviewSee also Mx+B Scaling in starting on Mx+B Scaling Overview Mx+B Scaling Commands CALCulate SCALeGAIN v ,@xt SCALeGAIN? @xCALCulate SCALeOFFSet ,@xt SCALeOFFSet? @x CALCulate SCALeUNIT zyt SCALeUNIT? @x CALCulateSCALeOFFSetNULL @x CALCulate SCALeSTATe OFFON,@x SCALeSTATe? @x Alarm System Overview Alarm System OverviewSee also Alarm Limits in starting on Alarm System Overview Calclimitupper MAX,@101LOWER 9,@101LOWERSTATE on Alarm System Overview Alarm Limit Commands OUTPut ALARm1234SOURce @xt ALARm1234SOURce?CALCulate LIMitUPPer z LIMitUPPer? @x CALCulate LIMitUPPerSTATe OFFON,@xt LIMitUPPerSTATe? @x SYSTemALARm? CALCulate LIMitLOWer z LIMitLOWer? @xCALCulate LIMitLOWerSTATe OFFON,@xt LIMitLOWerSTATe? @x Alarm System Overview Alarm Output Commands OUTPut ALARmMODE LATChTRACk ALARmMODE?OUTPut ALARmSLOPe NEGativePOSitive ALARmSLOPe? Vz xvz z5 Alarm System Overview Digital I/O Alarm Commands CALCulate COMPareTYPE EQUalNEQual,@x COMPareTYPE? @xCALCulate COMPareDATA yvv ,@xt COMPareDATA? @x CALCulate COMPareMASK COMPareMASK? @x CALCulate COMPareSTATe OFFON,@x COMPareSTATe? @x Digital Input Commands See also Digital Input Operations in starting onSENSeDIGitalDATABYTEWORD? @x Totalizer Commands SENSe TOTalizeTYPE READRRESet,@x TOTalizeTYPE? @xSee also Totalizer Operations in starting on Commands see Reading Format Commands on SENSe TOTalizeSLOPe NEGativePOSitive,@x TOTalizeSLOPe? @xSENSeTOTalizeCLEarIMMediate @x SENSeTOTalizeDATA? @x Digital Output Commands DAC Output CommandsSOURce DIGitalDATABYTEWORD yvv ,@xt DIGitalDATABYTEWORD? @x SOURceDIGitalSTATe? @x Switch Control Commands ROUTe CLOSe @x CLOSeEXCLusive @x CLOSe? @xROUTe Open @x OPEN? @x ROUTe CHANnelFWIRe Offon , @ CHANnelFWIRe? @ ROUTeDONE?SYSTemCPON 100200300ALL Zv z State Storage Commands SAVRCL MEMorySTATe Name 12345 ,z NAME? MEMorySTATeDELete RECallAUTO? MEMorySTATeVALid?MEMoryNSTates? System-Related Commands SYSTemDATE 3 3yySYSTemDATE? SYSTemTIME 3 DIAGnostic Pokeslotdata 100200300, zyt PEEKSLOTDATA? Oz v 7SYSTemCTYPe? DISPlay Offon DISPlay? DISPlay Text zytDISPlayTEXTCLEar SYSTemPRESet INSTrument DMM OffonFxz5 Gfxz5 SYSTemERRor? Gzz xv v xz z Ud EC7N z vz5SYSTemVERSion? Interface Configuration Commands RS-232 Interface Configuration RS-232 Interface ConfigurationGh6 Sy d Gh6 Gh6 Tyyy Yzv Or xz xvwz Ud EC7N Modem Communications Modem CommunicationsZz yz For more information, see Flow Control Selection on Scpi Status System Ny y S gONy yO Ny yy gO HP 34970A Status System Bit Definitions Status Byte Register Decimal Bit NumberDefinition 128 Ghgf2 y Gzv d zzxzy vz hzz3 yxv w gzv d xzv Yxvz vzx Xz5 iz zVvzz v xz Xzy wz zzx v gzv d5 Ly QQm2 S S Bit Definitions Questionable Data Register 5121024 2048 Scpi Status System Bit Definitions Standard Event Register Scpi Status System Bit Definitions Alarm Register Dy g Bit Definitions Standard Operation Register Status System Commands Status Byte Register CommandsVv xzy xvz C z z Gv g fz5 fzzvz Gzz z wz vz 9CC z zz wz Status System Commands Questionable Data Register Commands STATusQUEStionableENABle zv STATusQUEStionableENABle?Gzz z wz vz 9D7 z zz wz STATusQUEStionableCONDition? Status System Commands Standard Event Register Commands Gzz z wz vz 9D9 z zz wzESE zv Status System Commands Alarm Register Commands STATusALARmCONDition?STATusALARmEVENt? STATusALARmENABle zv STATusALARmENABle? Status System Commands Standard Operation Register Commands STATusOPERationENABle zv STATusOPERationENABle?Gzz z wz vz 9DA z zz wz STATusOPERationCONDition? Miscellaneous Status Register Commands STATusPRESetDATAPOINtsEVENtTHReshold t DATAPOINtsEVENtTHReshold? PSC Calibration Commands CALibration?CALibrationCOUNt? CALibrationSECureCODE txyz CALibrationSECureSTATe OFFON,xyz CALibrationSECureSTATe? CALibrationSTRing zytCALibrationSTRing? CALibrationVALue z CALibrationVALue? Service-Related Commands DIAGnosticDMMCYCLes?DIAGnosticDMMCYCLesCLEar DIAGnosticRELayCYCLes? @x Preset state. h xy zz zzxPRESET z fxz5 WAI An Introduction to the Scpi Language An Introduction to the Scpi LanguageScpi gvyvy Py vw V is an Syy i byy Routchandelay 1TRIGSOUR EXT Fy h HSeY SyWvvxz HSeY ey Channel list parameters specify one or Using Device Clear Using Device ClearHz ABORt x xyzy v vz v Page Error ∙ x o u Execution Errors 101 102103 105 Execution Errors 114j 121123 124 Execution Errors 168 178211 213 Execution Errors 230 310 350410 420 Instrument Errors 111 201202 203 Instrument Errors 221 225226 251 Instrument Errors 261 271272 281 Instrument Errors 303 305306 307 Instrument Errors 501 502511 512 Self-Test Errors 601 602603 604 Calibration Errors 701702 703 704 Calibration Errors 710 720 721722 723 Error Messages Page BA8 G68 Example Programs for ExcelInsert Excel 7.0 Example takeReadings Macro VISAaddr = BAB BAC Excel 7.0 Example ScanChannels Macro Dim columnIndex As Integer BAF BAG Example Programs for C and C++ Ck qdnT User’s Guide6 oCk qdnT User’s Guide6 ++ Example dacout.c ++ Example statreg.c BB9 Page ABA AFFAG8 AG= System Cabling and Connections Lz kGz bz 0z Uzz Cable Type Nominal Impedance Capacitance Attenuation 99= LvLv 3uqyu Uj m Copper-to GxuuB Gxuyw qs u Wuq Measurement FundamentalsZ Uff4 Refer to Measurement Input on Wsu Integration Time PLCs Bz mz 9GG8 Qysq Dxu qsuvqsu ytu qsusyvysq Vq tu4 Measurement Fundamentals Internal DMM Internal DMM Ice Bath Ez b Measurement Fundamentals Temperature Probe Type Pos + Lead Neg Lead Iron ConstantanNickel-Chromium Nickel-Aluminum Copper Constantan Z4 z MWW2 ABC Nm w 99A Stuqq Connection a Connection B Sl py Sk p j HI A1 AC to DC Converter X10 X100 360 361 Km w Example Calculating Measurement Error Hj s N5zzz z5 z z 0 z AAD16 Voltage Measured = ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾√ V 2 + Noise MWW On-Card Nm m Km m To Amplifier Analog-to-Digital Converter HI-Source HI-Sense For more information on channel delay, see AB8Offset Compensation on page 115 for more information Does not sxqu Zz4 z FF Insulating Material Resistance Range Moisture Absorbing Ai Sz e HI Source HI Sense LO Sense LO Source Strain DMM Sensitivity 376 Measurement Fundamentals Low-Level Signal Multiplexing and Switching V3Vu cyw Wuy q cyxy ELo 4 AC8 HI + Source Sense OUT COM H GND COM L Zz AE Module Reference Module Bank Actuators and General-Purpose Switching Rp = Dxu q u Ytu u qt Dxuuvu2 xu yy b Sq ru t qB Module Reference Matrix Switching Wqy cyxy Matrix Module RF Signal Multiplexing BO cyw 9A7 Multifunction Module 393 = 24 k Ω GND TTL AC For more information on cabling noise, see EnkmF y U55RR B8 R URT z16 ∙ d qy s2 u .b Yu tyqwq Qr/ w Nkm o Relay Life and Preventative Maintenance Buq Z Qsuqsu wuqq Uu utysuqqy4 AHe AHfAOO AOT DC, Resistance, and Temperature Accuracy Specifications DC Voltage DC Measurement and Operating Characteristics Ki u y AC Accuracy Specifications Gi g AC Measurement and Operating Characteristics Gi u Measurement Rates and System Characteristics Single Channel Measurement Rates 1 System Characteristics Module Specifications TagHOr7 TagHPr7 TagHfr7 TagHTr7 TagHar TagHcr7 TagHdr Typical AC Performance Graphs TagHer Product and Module Dimensions To Calculate Total Measurement Error Understanding the % of reading Error o Understanding the % of range Error o × 1,000,000 Interpreting Internal DMM Specifications 417 Criteria BdR u LYR u Configuring for Highest Accuracy Measurements Vhh 87 b 87 q ∙ p =4 ∙ n ∙ n c 77 =8F Index Index CAB CAC CAD CAE CAF CAG CAH CB8 CB9 CBA CBB Declaration of Conformity Ajjh