Wuq, Measurement Fundamentals | HP 34970A guide

Chapter 8 Tutorial

Measurement Fundamentals

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Contents

Ow INURFg k D C C v h Fo Y b krPage No Changes Scan Use the Menu to Fo Y k Zy y Yh AFD7P HS y Yy y Y y y Yh R ∙ d Ks GHPDEc FDe c p Ks GHPDGc FDe Ci Ks GHPDHc H w pKs GHPDICLc feh p Ks GHPDMc p p Ks GHPDOc HDe vg∙ d BHE8 F7o r8 Fo Delhax 6 8 a Express Exchange Hs r Contents Contents Contents Contents Page Shift w Instrument does not turn on properly, see User’s Guide5 Service Guide5 Quick Reference Guide5To install the software, see To Prepare the Instrument for Use File Run fww xw \setup Installing HP BenchLink Data Logger SoftwareSettings Control Panel Add/Remove Programs Install/Uninstall 0H1 Wzw To Connect Wiring to a Module Ml lil l To Set the Time and Date Jyw To Configure a Channel for Scanning Qw z wz zyw Ww yw Yz yw wy 877 $6772 To Copy a Channel Configuration Yzz Z3 w wwz yz w yw3 ywz w zw wz Zz yw z w w3 w To Close a Channel 9AN w 9A8 w If the Instrument Does Not Turn OnHq FGPN8a t g Upt Zwx 4 y Yy ww Bench-top viewing positions To Adjust the Carrying Handle To Rack Mount the Instrument Quick Start Page Page X xz Zx x Front-Panel Menu Reference Configure system-related instrument parameters To Monitor a Single Channel To Set a Scan Interval 1759$/6&$1 To Apply Mx+B Scaling to Measurements $%/$6/%6 + ,$/$5021 To Configure Alarm Limits To Configure Alarm Limits Ty H To Read a Digital Input Port To Write to a Digital Output Port 7 h k To Read the Totalizer Count $567 To Output a DC Voltage +3,% To Configure the Remote Interface 91,%,76 To Store the Instrument State +$1*6$9Page Computer System Advantages Disadvantages Data Acquisition System Overview HP BenchLink Data Logger Fo Y k 4yx Wg AFD7O Xx x AFD7O Sdd5 l Xz x x EFC STcaLm p Model Number Module Name Common Uses Signal Routing Cable Type Common Uses Comments System Cabling and Connections starting on Kxz zx x z Kzx Z3 x z x R3 U3 b5 Relay Cycle Count on Signal Routing and Switching D7v HD8N7v 2rc3 l S7v l X zzx 87 dW X x zx3 Y z z y5 Measurement Input Sdd’s signal-conditioning OSR5 Scan Count GND HL8 BWa3 Y zx Xx5 p zx x x z x x zx x z5 HH8 Control Output FB W 2 bWa ELI Features and Functions Features and Functions Scpi Language Conventions Scpi Language Conventions Scanning Scanning Scanning Scanning Power Fails Scanning Fxx xx tz tzx 978 vt Yt z xx Scan Count Initiate the scan Select the interval timer configurationSet the scan interval to 5 seconds Sweep the scan list 2 times Select the bus once configuration ∙ Front-Panel OperationGroup Execute Trigger Ext Trig Connector Select the external trigger configurationSee Scan Count on page 86 for more information On page 86 for more information Sx wxt vyzz tw z ttxyx Alarm Limits starting on Fxxv tx Fxxv x ttvztFxxx vt 9 Ex tt Mt ∙ exx Vxytvx bxt Sctxt Scanning CH Delay Time Integration Time Channel Delay Range Channel DelayAC Filter Channel Delay ∙ Sctxt Readings Aux twz x vtx Twz vtxGt zzxw Ttwz vtx Single-Channel Monitoring Single-Channel Monitoring ROUTMONDATA? Scanning With External Instruments Scanning With External Instruments Scanning With External Instruments Fxx t Fxxv t tFxvx vtx twvx Fx t t a xvw General Measurement Configuration General Measurement Configuration Change the range setting This is the 10 Vdc range, 51⁄2 digits are displayed 101 102 WX c Integration Time Resolution Digits Bits 104 105 Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature , Thermocouple 109 To connect an RTD to the module’s screw terminals, see MoX g 111 ∙ Remote Interface Operation You can use the MEASure? or To connect a thermistor to the module’s screw terminals, see Mx wv tzx tx Voltage Measurement ConfigurationVoltage Measurement Configuration XW c Mx tv tzx tw tv UW f Resistance Measurement Configuration Resistance Measurement ConfigurationTo connect resistances to the module’s screw terminals, see Current Measurement Configuration Current Measurement ConfigurationApplies to ac current and ac voltage measurements only 117 Frequency Measurement Configuration Frequency Measurement ConfigurationSensfreqranglow 3,@203 Select the slow timeout 3 Hz Mx+B Scaling Mx+B Scaling Strain Gage Measurements on Vy x x tx tux Xtx x 121 Alarm Limits Alarm Limits Ux yzx tz x y Using the Alarm Output Lines on Then, choose from the following alarm conditions Alarm queue is cleared when you read the alarms 126 127 Alarms Connector Otz x y x x vtx x x vtzx Oxt ttOxt y tt 130 131 Or result Calccompmask command decimalResult no alarm generated Pt tw y /wxvt 8=B0 Digital Input Operations Digital Input Operations Extw Extw uMww 79 xtw t Totalizer Operations Totalizer Operations 136 137 Digital Output Operations Digital Output Operations DAC Output Operations DAC Output OperationsX vxM Xx / PMO vt05 System-Related Operations System-Related Operations 141 Extw tx x Vx z Returns 0 if the self-test is successful or 1 if it fails Turns on. See the Uc =EC7M fxvx TwxXt t z uxx Exx Vxytvx bxt 144 Fxt Wx 83 8EEC Fxx HEWLETT-PACKARD,34901A,0,X.X System-Related Operations 148 Vtxx fOcV yx ytx5 NWkc f Remote Interface Configuration Remote Interface ConfigurationBkcV U 151 NDC5 KDC5Vt xx utw x ytx Lt vx y vxw y y5 3mnCDC5 154 Calibration Overview Calibration Overview 156 Hv w vwx 158 159 Factory Reset State Factory Reset State Instrument Preset State Instrument Preset State Multiplexer Module Default Settings Multiplexer Module Default Settings Module Overview Module OverviewSx xvyvt xtv 4w3 yx x x xv vt E5 HP 34901A 20-Channel Multiplexer HP 34901A 20-Channel Multiplexer Name Function Comments Slot Number HP 34902A 16-Channel Multiplexer HP 34902A 16-Channel Multiplexer 167 HP 34903A 20-Channel Actuator HP 34903A 20-Channel Actuator 169 HP 34904A 4x8 Matrix Switch HP 34904A 4x8 Matrix Switch Name Comments HP 34905A/6A Dual 4-Channel RF Multiplexers HP 34905A/6A Dual 4-Channel RF Multiplexers 173 HP 34907A Multifunction Module HP 34907A Multifunction Module DAC Output Slot Number 100 200Digital Input / Output Totalizer HP 34908A 40-Channel Single-Ended Multiplexer HP 34908A 40-Channel Single-Ended Multiplexer 177 Remote Interface Reference Remote Interface Reference Scpi Command Summary Scpi Command Summary Eyy Zz vz 9C Scpi Command Summary Scan Measurement CommandsMonitor Commands Zz vz 99B Scpi Command Summary Scan Configuration Commands Zz vz 9A Scpi Command Summary Scan Statistics CommandsScan Memory Commands Zz vz Zz vz 9E Scpi Command Summary Scanning With an External Instrument Zz vz 98E Scpi Command Summary Temperature Configuration Commands Scpi Command Summary Voltage Configuration Commands Scpi Command Summary Resistance Configuration Commands Zz vz Kvy vz 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 Scpi Command Summary Current Configuration Commands 191 Scpi Command Summary Mx+B Scaling Commands Scpi Command Summary Alarm Limit Commands Scpi Command Summary Digital Input Commands Totalizer CommandsZz vz 9AB Zz vz 9AD Scpi Command Summary Digital Output CommandsDAC Output Commands Switch Control Commands Zz vz 9B8 Scpi Command Summary Scan Triggering CommandsState Storage Commands Zz vz 99D Zz vz 9B Scpi Command Summary System-Related Commands Zz vz 9DB Scpi Command Summary Interface Configuration CommandsStatus System Commands Zz vz 9BE Scpi Command Summary Calibration Commands Service-Related CommandsZz vz 9E9 Scpi Command Summary Ieee 488.2 Common Commands Simplified Programming Overview Simplified Programming Overview Xy z y zvy CONFigure zy yvz wMEASure? v z vz INITiate xy z vy 5 iz z Range 41⁄2 Digits Xv zy zyv w z FETCh? xv3 zxz z Vy vz zy vy z Gz z READ? xvy z z 205 Xv3 ABORt x Qzxz Pzvzz vz V v zz vzy z MEASure? Command Syntax MEASure? and CONFigure CommandsMEASure? and CONFigure Commands General Measurement Configuration starting on MINMAXDEF, @ MEASureTEMPerature? RTDFRTD,8591DEFYzz MEASureVOLTageDC? MEASureVOLTageAC? MEASureFREQuency? MEASurePERiod? MEASureRESistance? MEASureFRESistance?MEASureCURRentDC? MEASureCURRentAC? Pz vz vz vzy Xv 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 MEASureDIGitalBYTE? @ MEASureTOTalize? READRRESet ,@ MEASure? and CONFigure Commands CONFigure Command Syntax CONFigureTEMPerature TCouple,BEJKNRSTDEF Minmaxdef ,@tCONFigureTEMPerature RTDFRTD,8591DEF Pzzvzz vz vzy xv 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 CONFigureVOLTageDC CONFigureVOLTageAC AutominmaxdefCONFigureRESistance CONFigureFRESistance CONFigureCURRentDC CONFigureCURRentAC CONFigure? @x CONFigureFREQuency CONFigurePERiod AutominmaxdefCONFigureDIGitalBYTE @ CONFigureTOTalize READRRESet ,@ SENSeFUNCtion Setting the Function, Range, and ResolutionSetting the Function, Range, and Resolution See also General Measurement Configuration in starting on FRESistanceRANGe? @x SENSe VOLTageDCRANGe? @xVOLTageACRANGe? @x RESistanceRANGe? @x CURRentDCRESolution? @x SENSe VOLTageDCRESolution? @xRESistanceRESolution? @x FRESistanceRESolution? @x CURRentDCAPERture? @x SENSe VOLTageDCAPERture? @xRESistanceAPERture? @x FRESistanceAPERture? @x FRESistance SENSe TEMPeratureVOLTageDC RESistance General Temperature Commands Temperature Configuration Commands Temperature Configuration Commands Thermocouple Commands SENSeTEMPeratureRJUNction? @x Thermistor Commands Temperature Configuration Commands RTD Commands SENSe Zeroauto OFFONCEON,@x ZEROAUTO? @x Voltage Configuration CommandsSee also Voltage Measurement Configuration in starting on INPut IMPedanceAUTO OFFON,@x IMPedanceAUTO? @x Current Configuration Commands Resistance Configuration Commands Frequency Configuration Commands Frequency Configuration CommandsSee also Frequency Measurement Configuration in starting on Scanning Overview Scanning OverviewSee also Scanning in starting on Scanning Overview ROUTeSCANSIZE? Scanning Overview Scanning CommandsTRIGger SOURce BUSIMMediateEXTernalALARm1234TIMer SOURce? ROUTe Scan @ SCAN? TRIGger COUNt x MINMAXINFinity COUNt? TRIGger TIMer y Minmax TIMer?ROUTe CHANnelDELay y CHANnelDELay? @x ROUTe CHANnelDELayAUTO OFFON,@x CHANnelDELayAUTO? @x ABORtINITiate Scanning Overview Reading Format Commands FORMat READingALARm Offon READingALARm?FORMat READingCHANnel Offon READingCHANnel? Hz vxz FORMat READingTIME Offon READingTIME?FORMat READingUNIT Offon READingUNIT? FORMat READingTIMETYPE ABSoluteRELative READingTIMETYPE? CALCulateAVERageMAXimum? @x Scanning Overview Scan Statistics CommandsCALCulateAVERageMINimum? @x CALCulateAVERageMINimumTIME? @x CALCulateAVERageCLEar @x CALCulateAVERageAVERage? @xCALCulateAVERagePTPeak? @x CALCulateAVERageCOUNt? @x Scanning Overview Scan Memory Commands DATAPOINts?DATAREMove? t ? tx See Reading Format Commands onSYSTemTIMESCAN? FETCh? Single-Channel Monitoring Overview Single-Channel Monitoring Overview ROUTe MONitor @xvz MONitor? ROUTe MONitorSTATe Offon MONitorSTATe?ROUTeMONitorDATA? Scanning With an External Instrument TRIGger SOURce BUSIMMediateEXTernalTIMer SOURce? TRIGger COUNt z MINMAXINFinity COUNt? Y z v Qaa ywy y Ud EC7N5 ROUTe CHANnelFWIRe Offon ,@x CHANnelFWIRe? @x INSTrumentDMMINSTalled?INSTrument Mx+B Scaling Overview Mx+B Scaling OverviewSee also Mx+B Scaling in starting on CALCulate SCALeUNIT zyt SCALeUNIT? @x Mx+B Scaling Overview Mx+B Scaling CommandsCALCulate SCALeGAIN v ,@xt SCALeGAIN? @x CALCulate SCALeOFFSet ,@xt SCALeOFFSet? @x CALCulate SCALeSTATe OFFON,@x SCALeSTATe? @x CALCulateSCALeOFFSetNULL @x Alarm System Overview Alarm System OverviewSee also Alarm Limits in starting on Alarm System Overview Calclimitupper MAX,@101LOWER 9,@101LOWERSTATE on CALCulate LIMitUPPerSTATe OFFON,@xt LIMitUPPerSTATe? @x Alarm System Overview Alarm Limit CommandsOUTPut ALARm1234SOURce @xt ALARm1234SOURce? CALCulate LIMitUPPer z LIMitUPPer? @x SYSTemALARm? CALCulate LIMitLOWer z LIMitLOWer? @xCALCulate LIMitLOWerSTATe OFFON,@xt LIMitLOWerSTATe? @x Vz xvz z5 Alarm System Overview Alarm Output CommandsOUTPut ALARmMODE LATChTRACk ALARmMODE? OUTPut ALARmSLOPe NEGativePOSitive ALARmSLOPe? Alarm System Overview Digital I/O Alarm Commands CALCulate COMPareTYPE EQUalNEQual,@x COMPareTYPE? @xCALCulate COMPareDATA yvv ,@xt COMPareDATA? @x CALCulate COMPareSTATe OFFON,@x COMPareSTATe? @x CALCulate COMPareMASK COMPareMASK? @x Digital Input Commands See also Digital Input Operations in starting onSENSeDIGitalDATABYTEWORD? @x Totalizer Commands SENSe TOTalizeTYPE READRRESet,@x TOTalizeTYPE? @xSee also Totalizer Operations in starting on SENSeTOTalizeDATA? @x Commands see Reading Format Commands onSENSe TOTalizeSLOPe NEGativePOSitive,@x TOTalizeSLOPe? @x SENSeTOTalizeCLEarIMMediate @x SOURceDIGitalSTATe? @x Digital Output CommandsDAC Output Commands SOURce DIGitalDATABYTEWORD yvv ,@xt DIGitalDATABYTEWORD? @x Switch Control Commands ROUTe CLOSe @x CLOSeEXCLusive @x CLOSe? @xROUTe Open @x OPEN? @x Zv z ROUTe CHANnelFWIRe Offon , @ CHANnelFWIRe? @ROUTeDONE? SYSTemCPON 100200300ALL State Storage Commands SAVRCL MEMorySTATeDELete MEMorySTATe Name 12345 ,z NAME? RECallAUTO? MEMorySTATeVALid?MEMoryNSTates? SYSTemTIME 3 System-Related CommandsSYSTemDATE 3 3yy SYSTemDATE? DIAGnostic Pokeslotdata 100200300, zyt PEEKSLOTDATA? Oz v 7SYSTemCTYPe? DISPlay Offon DISPlay? DISPlay Text zytDISPlayTEXTCLEar Gfxz5 SYSTemPRESetINSTrument DMM Offon Fxz5 SYSTemERRor? Gzz xv v xz z Ud EC7N z vz5SYSTemVERSion? Interface Configuration Commands RS-232 Interface Configuration RS-232 Interface ConfigurationGh6 Sy d Gh6 Yzv Or xz xvwz Gh6 Tyyy Ud EC7N For more information, see Flow Control Selection on Modem CommunicationsModem Communications Zz yz Ny yy gO Scpi Status SystemNy y S gO Ny yO HP 34970A Status System 128 Bit Definitions Status Byte RegisterDecimal Bit Number Definition Ghgf2 y Gzv d zzxzy vz hzz3 yxv w gzv d xzv Yxvz vzx Xz5 iz zVvzz v xz Xzy wz zzx v gzv d5 S S Ly QQm2 2048 Bit Definitions Questionable Data Register512 1024 Scpi Status System Bit Definitions Standard Event Register Scpi Status System Bit Definitions Alarm Register Bit Definitions Standard Operation Register Dy g Gzz z wz vz 9CC z zz wz Status System CommandsStatus Byte Register Commands Vv xzy xvz C z z Gv g fz5 fzzvz STATusQUEStionableCONDition? Status System Commands Questionable Data Register CommandsSTATusQUEStionableENABle zv STATusQUEStionableENABle? Gzz z wz vz 9D7 z zz wz Status System Commands Standard Event Register Commands Gzz z wz vz 9D9 z zz wzESE zv STATusALARmENABle zv STATusALARmENABle? Status System Commands Alarm Register CommandsSTATusALARmCONDition? STATusALARmEVENt? STATusOPERationCONDition? Status System Commands Standard Operation Register CommandsSTATusOPERationENABle zv STATusOPERationENABle? Gzz z wz vz 9DA z zz wz PSC Miscellaneous Status Register CommandsSTATusPRESet DATAPOINtsEVENtTHReshold t DATAPOINtsEVENtTHReshold? CALibrationSECureCODE txyz Calibration CommandsCALibration? CALibrationCOUNt? CALibrationVALue z CALibrationVALue? CALibrationSECureSTATe OFFON,xyz CALibrationSECureSTATe?CALibrationSTRing zyt CALibrationSTRing? DIAGnosticRELayCYCLes? @x Service-Related CommandsDIAGnosticDMMCYCLes? DIAGnosticDMMCYCLesCLEar WAI Preset state. h xy zz zzxPRESET z fxz5 An Introduction to the Scpi Language An Introduction to the Scpi LanguageScpi gvyvy Py vw V is an Syy i byy Routchandelay 1TRIGSOUR EXT Fy h HSeY SyWvvxz HSeY ey Channel list parameters specify one or Using Device Clear Using Device ClearHz ABORt x xyzy v vz v Page ∙ x o u Error 105 Execution Errors 101102 103 124 Execution Errors 114j121 123 213 Execution Errors 168178 211 420 Execution Errors 230310 350 410 203 Instrument Errors 111201 202 251 Instrument Errors 221225 226 281 Instrument Errors 261271 272 307 Instrument Errors 303305 306 512 Instrument Errors 501502 511 604 Self-Test Errors601 602 603 704 Calibration Errors701 702 703 723 Calibration Errors 710 720721 722 Error Messages Page BA8 G68 Example Programs for ExcelInsert VISAaddr = Excel 7.0 Example takeReadings Macro BAB BAC Dim columnIndex As Integer Excel 7.0 Example ScanChannels Macro BAF BAG Example Programs for C and C++ Ck qdnT User’s Guide6 oCk qdnT User’s Guide6 ++ Example dacout.c ++ Example statreg.c BB9 Page AG= ABAAFF AG8 Uzz System Cabling and ConnectionsLz k Gz bz 0z Cable Type Nominal Impedance Capacitance Attenuation 99= LvLv 3uqyu Copper-to Uj m GxuuB Gxuyw qs u Wuq Measurement FundamentalsZ Uff4 Refer to Measurement Input on Integration Time PLCs Wsu Qysq Dxu qsuvqsu ytu qsusyvysq Vq tu4 Bz mz 9GG8 Measurement Fundamentals Internal DMM Internal DMM Ice Bath Ez b Measurement Fundamentals Copper Constantan Temperature Probe Type Pos + Lead Neg LeadIron Constantan Nickel-Chromium Nickel-Aluminum Z4 z ABC MWW2 99A Nm w Stuqq Connection a Connection B Sl py Sk p j HI A1 AC to DC Converter X10 X100 360 361 Km w Example Calculating Measurement Error N5zzz z5 z z 0 z AAD16 Hj s Voltage Measured = ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾√ V 2 + Noise MWW On-Card Km m Nm m To Amplifier Analog-to-Digital Converter HI-Source HI-Sense Does not sxqu For more information on channel delay, seeAB8 Offset Compensation on page 115 for more information Insulating Material Resistance Range Moisture Absorbing Zz4 z FF Ai Sz e HI Source HI Sense LO Sense LO Source Strain DMM Sensitivity 376 Measurement Fundamentals V3Vu cyw Wuy q cyxy Low-Level Signal Multiplexing and Switching 4 AC8 ELo HI + Source Sense OUT COM H GND COM L Zz AE Module Bank Module Reference Actuators and General-Purpose Switching Rp = Dxu q u Ytu u qt Dxuuvu2 xu yy b Sq ru t qB Module Reference Wqy cyxy Matrix Switching Matrix Module BO cyw RF Signal Multiplexing 9A7 Multifunction Module 393 = 24 k Ω GND TTL AC For more information on cabling noise, see EnkmF y U55RR B8 R URT z16 ∙ d qy s2 u .b Yu tyqwq Qr/ w Nkm o Buq Z Relay Life and Preventative Maintenance Qsuqsu wuqq Uu utysuqqy4 AOT AHeAHf AOO DC Voltage DC, Resistance, and Temperature Accuracy Specifications Ki u y DC Measurement and Operating Characteristics Gi g AC Accuracy Specifications Gi u AC Measurement and Operating Characteristics Single Channel Measurement Rates 1 System Characteristics Measurement Rates and System Characteristics TagHOr7 TagHPr7 TagHfr7 TagHTr7 TagHar Module Specifications TagHcr7 TagHdr Typical AC Performance Graphs TagHer Product and Module Dimensions Understanding the % of reading Error o To Calculate Total Measurement Error × 1,000,000 Understanding the % of range Error o Interpreting Internal DMM Specifications Criteria 417 LYR u BdR u Vhh 87 b 87 q ∙ p =4 ∙ n ∙ n c 77 =8F Configuring for Highest Accuracy Measurements Index Index CAB CAC CAD CAE CAF CAG CAH CB8 CB9 CBA CBB Declaration of Conformity Ajjh