Sk p j | HP 34970A guide

Chapter 8 Tutorial

Measurement Fundamentals

sk p j		dxu °ys
tuysuut y u ysy u yq”		MWW xq x
”uq“qwu su	“z ”	4 dxu uvvus u y
su q ”yw u qq”		MWW’s input terminals.

The leakage current will approximately double for every 10 °L u°uqu y2 x °q“yw xu r”u° °sx °u qu q

xywxu uqu4

RS

HI

VS

Ib Ri

Ci DMM

LO

gxuuB

Sb = DMM bias current

Rs = DUT source resistance

Ri = Input resistance (10 MΩ or >10 GΩ) Ci = DMM input capacitance

Error (V) = Sb x Rs

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Image 354

HP 34970A manual Sk p j

Contents

Ow INURFg k D Fo Y b kr C C v hPage No Changes Scan Use the Menu to Yh R Fo Y k Zy y Yh AFD7P HS y Yy y Y y y Ks GHPDEc FDe c p ∙ d Ks GHPDGc FDe Ci Ks GHPDHc H w pKs GHPDICLc feh p Ks GHPDMc p p Ks GHPDOc HDe vg∙ d BHE8 Hs r F7o r8 Fo Delhax 6 8 a Express Exchange Contents Contents Contents Contents Page Shift w To Prepare the Instrument for Use User’s Guide5 Service Guide5 Quick Reference Guide5To install the software, see Instrument does not turn on properly, see Add/Remove Programs Install/Uninstall Installing HP BenchLink Data Logger SoftwareSettings Control Panel File Run fww xw \setup 0H1 To Connect Wiring to a Module Wzw Ml lil l To Set the Time and Date To Configure a Channel for Scanning Jyw 877 Qw z wz zyw Ww yw Yz yw wy To Copy a Channel Configuration $6772 To Close a Channel Yzz Z3 w wwz yz w yw3 ywz w zw wz Zz yw z w w3 w Upt If the Instrument Does Not Turn OnHq FGPN8a t g 9AN w 9A8 w Zwx 4 y Yy ww To Adjust the Carrying Handle Bench-top viewing positions To Rack Mount the Instrument Quick Start Page Page Front-Panel Menu Reference X xz Zx x Configure system-related instrument parameters To Monitor a Single Channel 1759$/6&$1 To Set a Scan Interval $%/$6/%6 To Apply Mx+B Scaling to Measurements To Configure Alarm Limits + ,$/$5021 To Configure Alarm Limits To Read a Digital Input Port Ty H 7 h k To Write to a Digital Output Port $567 To Read the Totalizer Count To Output a DC Voltage To Configure the Remote Interface +3,% 91,%,76 +$1*6$9 To Store the Instrument StatePage Computer System Data Acquisition System Overview Advantages Disadvantages Fo Y k 4yx Wg AFD7O Xx x AFD7O Sdd5 l Xz x x HP BenchLink Data Logger STcaLm p EFC Signal Routing Model Number Module Name Common Uses System Cabling and Connections starting on Cable Type Common Uses Comments Kxz zx x z Kzx Z3 x z x R3 U3 b5 Signal Routing and Switching Relay Cycle Count on S7v l HD8N7v 2rc3 l D7v X zzx 87 dW X x zx3 Y z z y5 Measurement Input Sdd’s signal-conditioning OSR5 Scan Count GND BWa3 HL8 Y zx Xx5 p zx x x z x x zx x z5 Control Output HH8 FB W 2 bWa ELI Features and Functions Features and Functions Scpi Language Conventions Scpi Language Conventions Scanning Scanning Scanning Scanning Power Fails Scanning Fxx xx tz tzx 978 vt Yt z xx Scan Count Sweep the scan list 2 times Select the interval timer configurationSet the scan interval to 5 seconds Initiate the scan Select the bus once configuration ∙ Front-Panel OperationGroup Execute Trigger Ext Trig Connector Select the external trigger configurationSee Scan Count on page 86 for more information Sx wxt vyzz tw z ttxyx Alarm Limits starting on On page 86 for more information Ex tt Mt Fxxv x ttvztFxxx vt 9 Fxxv tx Sctxt ∙ exx Vxytvx bxt Scanning CH Delay Time Integration Time Channel Delay Range Channel DelayAC Filter Channel Delay ∙ Sctxt Readings Ttwz vtx Twz vtxGt zzxw Aux twz x vtx Single-Channel Monitoring Single-Channel Monitoring ROUTMONDATA? Scanning With External Instruments Scanning With External Instruments Scanning With External Instruments Fx t t a xvw Fxxv t tFxvx vtx twvx Fxx t General Measurement Configuration General Measurement Configuration Change the range setting This is the 10 Vdc range, 51⁄2 digits are displayed 101 102 Integration Time Resolution Digits Bits WX c 104 105 Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature , Thermocouple 109 MoX g To connect an RTD to the module’s screw terminals, see 111 To connect a thermistor to the module’s screw terminals, see ∙ Remote Interface Operation You can use the MEASure? or XW c Voltage Measurement ConfigurationVoltage Measurement Configuration Mx wv tzx tx UW f Mx tv tzx tw tv Resistance Measurement Configuration Resistance Measurement ConfigurationTo connect resistances to the module’s screw terminals, see Current Measurement Configuration Current Measurement ConfigurationApplies to ac current and ac voltage measurements only 117 Frequency Measurement Configuration Frequency Measurement ConfigurationSensfreqranglow 3,@203 Select the slow timeout 3 Hz Mx+B Scaling Mx+B Scaling Vy x x tx tux Xtx x Strain Gage Measurements on 121 Alarm Limits Alarm Limits Ux yzx tz x y Using the Alarm Output Lines on Then, choose from the following alarm conditions Alarm queue is cleared when you read the alarms 126 127 Alarms Connector Otz x y x x vtx x x vtzx Oxt ttOxt y tt 130 131 Pt tw y /wxvt 8=B0 Calccompmask command decimalResult no alarm generated Or result Digital Input Operations Digital Input Operations Extw Extw uMww 79 xtw t Totalizer Operations Totalizer Operations 136 137 Digital Output Operations Digital Output Operations DAC Output Operations DAC Output OperationsX vxM Xx / PMO vt05 System-Related Operations System-Related Operations 141 Vx z Extw tx x Exx Vxytvx bxt Turns on. See the Uc =EC7M fxvx TwxXt t z uxx Returns 0 if the self-test is successful or 1 if it fails 144 Fxx Fxt Wx 83 8EEC HEWLETT-PACKARD,34901A,0,X.X System-Related Operations 148 NWkc f Vtxx fOcV yx ytx5 Remote Interface Configuration Remote Interface ConfigurationBkcV U 151 NDC5 KDC5Vt xx utw x ytx 3mnCDC5 Lt vx y vxw y y5 154 Calibration Overview Calibration Overview 156 Hv w vwx 158 159 Factory Reset State Factory Reset State Instrument Preset State Instrument Preset State Multiplexer Module Default Settings Multiplexer Module Default Settings Module Overview Module OverviewSx xvyvt xtv 4w3 yx x x xv vt E5 HP 34901A 20-Channel Multiplexer HP 34901A 20-Channel Multiplexer Slot Number Name Function Comments HP 34902A 16-Channel Multiplexer HP 34902A 16-Channel Multiplexer 167 HP 34903A 20-Channel Actuator HP 34903A 20-Channel Actuator 169 HP 34904A 4x8 Matrix Switch HP 34904A 4x8 Matrix Switch Name Comments HP 34905A/6A Dual 4-Channel RF Multiplexers HP 34905A/6A Dual 4-Channel RF Multiplexers 173 HP 34907A Multifunction Module HP 34907A Multifunction Module Totalizer Slot Number 100 200Digital Input / Output DAC Output HP 34908A 40-Channel Single-Ended Multiplexer HP 34908A 40-Channel Single-Ended Multiplexer 177 Remote Interface Reference Remote Interface Reference Scpi Command Summary Scpi Command Summary Eyy Zz vz 99B Scpi Command Summary Scan Measurement CommandsMonitor Commands Zz vz 9C Scpi Command Summary Scan Configuration Commands Zz vz Scpi Command Summary Scan Statistics CommandsScan Memory Commands Zz vz 9A Scpi Command Summary Scanning With an External Instrument Zz vz 9E Scpi Command Summary Temperature Configuration Commands Zz vz 98E Scpi Command Summary Voltage Configuration Commands Scpi Command Summary Resistance Configuration Commands Scpi Command Summary Current Configuration Commands Zz vz Kvy vz 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 191 Scpi Command Summary Mx+B Scaling Commands Scpi Command Summary Alarm Limit Commands Scpi Command Summary Digital Input Commands Totalizer CommandsZz vz 9AB Switch Control Commands Scpi Command Summary Digital Output CommandsDAC Output Commands Zz vz 9AD Zz vz 99D Scpi Command Summary Scan Triggering CommandsState Storage Commands Zz vz 9B8 Scpi Command Summary System-Related Commands Zz vz 9B Zz vz 9BE Scpi Command Summary Interface Configuration CommandsStatus System Commands Zz vz 9DB Scpi Command Summary Calibration Commands Service-Related CommandsZz vz 9E9 Scpi Command Summary Ieee 488.2 Common Commands Simplified Programming Overview Simplified Programming Overview INITiate xy z vy 5 iz z CONFigure zy yvz wMEASure? v z vz Xy z y zvy Range 41⁄2 Digits Gz z READ? xvy z z Xv zy zyv w z FETCh? xv3 zxz z Vy vz zy vy z 205 V v zz vzy z Xv3 ABORt x Qzxz Pzvzz vz General Measurement Configuration starting on MEASure? and CONFigure CommandsMEASure? and CONFigure Commands MEASure? Command Syntax MEASureVOLTageDC? MEASureVOLTageAC? MEASureTEMPerature? RTDFRTD,8591DEFYzz MINMAXDEF, @ Pz vz vz vzy Xv 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 MEASureRESistance? MEASureFRESistance?MEASureCURRentDC? MEASureCURRentAC? MEASureFREQuency? MEASurePERiod? MEASureTOTalize? READRRESet ,@ MEASureDIGitalBYTE? @ MEASure? and CONFigure Commands CONFigure Command Syntax CONFigureTEMPerature TCouple,BEJKNRSTDEF Minmaxdef ,@tCONFigureTEMPerature RTDFRTD,8591DEF CONFigureCURRentDC CONFigureCURRentAC CONFigureVOLTageDC CONFigureVOLTageAC AutominmaxdefCONFigureRESistance CONFigureFRESistance Pzzvzz vz vzy xv 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 CONFigureTOTalize READRRESet ,@ CONFigureFREQuency CONFigurePERiod AutominmaxdefCONFigureDIGitalBYTE @ CONFigure? @x See also General Measurement Configuration in starting on Setting the Function, Range, and ResolutionSetting the Function, Range, and Resolution SENSeFUNCtion RESistanceRANGe? @x SENSe VOLTageDCRANGe? @xVOLTageACRANGe? @x FRESistanceRANGe? @x FRESistanceRESolution? @x SENSe VOLTageDCRESolution? @xRESistanceRESolution? @x CURRentDCRESolution? @x FRESistanceAPERture? @x SENSe VOLTageDCAPERture? @xRESistanceAPERture? @x CURRentDCAPERture? @x RESistance SENSe TEMPeratureVOLTageDC FRESistance Temperature Configuration Commands General Temperature Commands Temperature Configuration Commands Thermocouple Commands SENSeTEMPeratureRJUNction? @x Temperature Configuration Commands RTD Commands Thermistor Commands INPut IMPedanceAUTO OFFON,@x IMPedanceAUTO? @x Voltage Configuration CommandsSee also Voltage Measurement Configuration in starting on SENSe Zeroauto OFFONCEON,@x ZEROAUTO? @x Resistance Configuration Commands Current Configuration Commands Frequency Configuration Commands Frequency Configuration CommandsSee also Frequency Measurement Configuration in starting on Scanning Overview Scanning OverviewSee also Scanning in starting on Scanning Overview ROUTe Scan @ SCAN? Scanning Overview Scanning CommandsTRIGger SOURce BUSIMMediateEXTernalALARm1234TIMer SOURce? ROUTeSCANSIZE? CHANnelDELay? @x TRIGger TIMer y Minmax TIMer?ROUTe CHANnelDELay y TRIGger COUNt x MINMAXINFinity COUNt? ROUTe CHANnelDELayAUTO OFFON,@x CHANnelDELayAUTO? @x ABORtINITiate Scanning Overview Reading Format Commands FORMat READingALARm Offon READingALARm?FORMat READingCHANnel Offon READingCHANnel? FORMat READingTIMETYPE ABSoluteRELative READingTIMETYPE? FORMat READingTIME Offon READingTIME?FORMat READingUNIT Offon READingUNIT? Hz vxz CALCulateAVERageMINimumTIME? @x Scanning Overview Scan Statistics CommandsCALCulateAVERageMINimum? @x CALCulateAVERageMAXimum? @x CALCulateAVERageCOUNt? @x CALCulateAVERageAVERage? @xCALCulateAVERagePTPeak? @x CALCulateAVERageCLEar @x Scanning Overview Scan Memory Commands DATAPOINts?DATAREMove? t FETCh? See Reading Format Commands onSYSTemTIMESCAN? ? tx Single-Channel Monitoring Overview Single-Channel Monitoring Overview ROUTe MONitor @xvz MONitor? ROUTe MONitorSTATe Offon MONitorSTATe?ROUTeMONitorDATA? Scanning With an External Instrument TRIGger SOURce BUSIMMediateEXTernalTIMer SOURce? TRIGger COUNt z MINMAXINFinity COUNt? Y z v Qaa ywy y Ud EC7N5 ROUTe CHANnelFWIRe Offon ,@x CHANnelFWIRe? @x INSTrumentDMMINSTalled?INSTrument Mx+B Scaling Overview Mx+B Scaling OverviewSee also Mx+B Scaling in starting on CALCulate SCALeOFFSet ,@xt SCALeOFFSet? @x Mx+B Scaling Overview Mx+B Scaling CommandsCALCulate SCALeGAIN v ,@xt SCALeGAIN? @x CALCulate SCALeUNIT zyt SCALeUNIT? @x CALCulateSCALeOFFSetNULL @x CALCulate SCALeSTATe OFFON,@x SCALeSTATe? @x Alarm System Overview Alarm System OverviewSee also Alarm Limits in starting on Alarm System Overview Calclimitupper MAX,@101LOWER 9,@101LOWERSTATE on CALCulate LIMitUPPer z LIMitUPPer? @x Alarm System Overview Alarm Limit CommandsOUTPut ALARm1234SOURce @xt ALARm1234SOURce? CALCulate LIMitUPPerSTATe OFFON,@xt LIMitUPPerSTATe? @x SYSTemALARm? CALCulate LIMitLOWer z LIMitLOWer? @xCALCulate LIMitLOWerSTATe OFFON,@xt LIMitLOWerSTATe? @x OUTPut ALARmSLOPe NEGativePOSitive ALARmSLOPe? Alarm System Overview Alarm Output CommandsOUTPut ALARmMODE LATChTRACk ALARmMODE? Vz xvz z5 Alarm System Overview Digital I/O Alarm Commands CALCulate COMPareTYPE EQUalNEQual,@x COMPareTYPE? @xCALCulate COMPareDATA yvv ,@xt COMPareDATA? @x CALCulate COMPareMASK COMPareMASK? @x CALCulate COMPareSTATe OFFON,@x COMPareSTATe? @x Digital Input Commands See also Digital Input Operations in starting onSENSeDIGitalDATABYTEWORD? @x Totalizer Commands SENSe TOTalizeTYPE READRRESet,@x TOTalizeTYPE? @xSee also Totalizer Operations in starting on SENSeTOTalizeCLEarIMMediate @x Commands see Reading Format Commands onSENSe TOTalizeSLOPe NEGativePOSitive,@x TOTalizeSLOPe? @x SENSeTOTalizeDATA? @x SOURce DIGitalDATABYTEWORD yvv ,@xt DIGitalDATABYTEWORD? @x Digital Output CommandsDAC Output Commands SOURceDIGitalSTATe? @x Switch Control Commands ROUTe CLOSe @x CLOSeEXCLusive @x CLOSe? @xROUTe Open @x OPEN? @x SYSTemCPON 100200300ALL ROUTe CHANnelFWIRe Offon , @ CHANnelFWIRe? @ROUTeDONE? Zv z State Storage Commands SAVRCL MEMorySTATe Name 12345 ,z NAME? MEMorySTATeDELete RECallAUTO? MEMorySTATeVALid?MEMoryNSTates? SYSTemDATE? System-Related CommandsSYSTemDATE 3 3yy SYSTemTIME 3 DIAGnostic Pokeslotdata 100200300, zyt PEEKSLOTDATA? Oz v 7SYSTemCTYPe? DISPlay Offon DISPlay? DISPlay Text zytDISPlayTEXTCLEar Fxz5 SYSTemPRESetINSTrument DMM Offon Gfxz5 SYSTemERRor? Gzz xv v xz z Ud EC7N z vz5SYSTemVERSion? Interface Configuration Commands RS-232 Interface Configuration RS-232 Interface ConfigurationGh6 Sy d Gh6 Gh6 Tyyy Yzv Or xz xvwz Ud EC7N Zz yz Modem CommunicationsModem Communications For more information, see Flow Control Selection on Ny yO Scpi Status SystemNy y S gO Ny yy gO HP 34970A Status System Definition Bit Definitions Status Byte RegisterDecimal Bit Number 128 Ghgf2 y Gzv d zzxzy vz hzz3 yxv w gzv d xzv Yxvz vzx Xz5 iz zVvzz v xz Xzy wz zzx v gzv d5 Ly QQm2 S S 1024 Bit Definitions Questionable Data Register512 2048 Scpi Status System Bit Definitions Standard Event Register Scpi Status System Bit Definitions Alarm Register Dy g Bit Definitions Standard Operation Register Vv xzy xvz C z z Gv g fz5 fzzvz Status System CommandsStatus Byte Register Commands Gzz z wz vz 9CC z zz wz Gzz z wz vz 9D7 z zz wz Status System Commands Questionable Data Register CommandsSTATusQUEStionableENABle zv STATusQUEStionableENABle? STATusQUEStionableCONDition? Status System Commands Standard Event Register Commands Gzz z wz vz 9D9 z zz wzESE zv STATusALARmEVENt? Status System Commands Alarm Register CommandsSTATusALARmCONDition? STATusALARmENABle zv STATusALARmENABle? Gzz z wz vz 9DA z zz wz Status System Commands Standard Operation Register CommandsSTATusOPERationENABle zv STATusOPERationENABle? STATusOPERationCONDition? DATAPOINtsEVENtTHReshold t DATAPOINtsEVENtTHReshold? Miscellaneous Status Register CommandsSTATusPRESet PSC CALibrationCOUNt? Calibration CommandsCALibration? CALibrationSECureCODE txyz CALibrationSTRing? CALibrationSECureSTATe OFFON,xyz CALibrationSECureSTATe?CALibrationSTRing zyt CALibrationVALue z CALibrationVALue? DIAGnosticDMMCYCLesCLEar Service-Related CommandsDIAGnosticDMMCYCLes? DIAGnosticRELayCYCLes? @x Preset state. h xy zz zzxPRESET z fxz5 WAI An Introduction to the Scpi Language An Introduction to the Scpi LanguageScpi gvyvy Py vw V is an Syy i byy Routchandelay 1TRIGSOUR EXT Fy h HSeY SyWvvxz HSeY ey Channel list parameters specify one or Using Device Clear Using Device ClearHz ABORt x xyzy v vz v Page Error ∙ x o u 103 Execution Errors 101102 105 123 Execution Errors 114j121 124 211 Execution Errors 168178 213 410 Execution Errors 230310 350 420 202 Instrument Errors 111201 203 226 Instrument Errors 221225 251 272 Instrument Errors 261271 281 306 Instrument Errors 303305 307 511 Instrument Errors 501502 512 603 Self-Test Errors601 602 604 702 703 Calibration Errors701 704 722 Calibration Errors 710 720721 723 Error Messages Page BA8 G68 Example Programs for ExcelInsert Excel 7.0 Example takeReadings Macro VISAaddr = BAB BAC Excel 7.0 Example ScanChannels Macro Dim columnIndex As Integer BAF BAG Example Programs for C and C++ Ck qdnT User’s Guide6 oCk qdnT User’s Guide6 ++ Example dacout.c ++ Example statreg.c BB9 Page AG8 ABAAFF AG= Gz bz 0z System Cabling and ConnectionsLz k Uzz Cable Type Nominal Impedance Capacitance Attenuation 99= LvLv 3uqyu Uj m Copper-to GxuuB Gxuyw qs u Wuq Measurement FundamentalsZ Uff4 Refer to Measurement Input on Wsu Integration Time PLCs Bz mz 9GG8 Qysq Dxu qsuvqsu ytu qsusyvysq Vq tu4 Measurement Fundamentals Internal DMM Internal DMM Ice Bath Ez b Measurement Fundamentals Nickel-Chromium Nickel-Aluminum Temperature Probe Type Pos + Lead Neg LeadIron Constantan Copper Constantan Z4 z MWW2 ABC Nm w 99A Stuqq Connection a Connection B Sl py Sk p j HI A1 AC to DC Converter X10 X100 360 361 Km w Example Calculating Measurement Error Hj s N5zzz z5 z z 0 z AAD16 Voltage Measured = ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾√ V 2 + Noise MWW On-Card Nm m Km m To Amplifier Analog-to-Digital Converter HI-Source HI-Sense Offset Compensation on page 115 for more information For more information on channel delay, seeAB8 Does not sxqu Zz4 z FF Insulating Material Resistance Range Moisture Absorbing Ai Sz e HI Source HI Sense LO Sense LO Source Strain DMM Sensitivity 376 Measurement Fundamentals Low-Level Signal Multiplexing and Switching V3Vu cyw Wuy q cyxy ELo 4 AC8 HI + Source Sense OUT COM H GND COM L Zz AE Module Reference Module Bank Actuators and General-Purpose Switching Rp = Dxu q u Ytu u qt Dxuuvu2 xu yy b Sq ru t qB Module Reference Matrix Switching Wqy cyxy Matrix Module RF Signal Multiplexing BO cyw 9A7 Multifunction Module 393 = 24 k Ω GND TTL AC For more information on cabling noise, see EnkmF y U55RR B8 R URT z16 ∙ d qy s2 u .b Yu tyqwq Qr/ w Nkm o Relay Life and Preventative Maintenance Buq Z Qsuqsu wuqq Uu utysuqqy4 AOO AHeAHf AOT DC, Resistance, and Temperature Accuracy Specifications DC Voltage DC Measurement and Operating Characteristics Ki u y AC Accuracy Specifications Gi g AC Measurement and Operating Characteristics Gi u Measurement Rates and System Characteristics Single Channel Measurement Rates 1 System Characteristics Module Specifications TagHOr7 TagHPr7 TagHfr7 TagHTr7 TagHar TagHcr7 TagHdr Typical AC Performance Graphs TagHer Product and Module Dimensions To Calculate Total Measurement Error Understanding the % of reading Error o Understanding the % of range Error o × 1,000,000 Interpreting Internal DMM Specifications 417 Criteria BdR u LYR u Configuring for Highest Accuracy Measurements Vhh 87 b 87 q ∙ p =4 ∙ n ∙ n c 77 =8F Index Index CAB CAC CAD CAE CAF CAG CAH CB8 CB9 CBA CBB Declaration of Conformity Ajjh