Zz4 z FF | HP 34970A specs

Chapter 8 Tutorial

Measurement Fundamentals

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precautions to maintain a “clean” high-resistance system. Test leads and fixtures are susceptible to leakage due to moisture absorption in insulating materials and “dirty” surface films. Nylon and ZfL are relatively poor insulators (10A ohms) when compared to ZdON Teflon® insulators (1079 ohms). Leakage from nylon or ZfL insulators can easily contribute a 0.1% error when measuring a 1 MΩ resistance in humid conditions. The table below shows several common insulating materials and their typical resistances.

Insulating Material	Resistance Range	Moisture Absorbing
Teflon® (PTFE)	1 TΩ to 1 PΩ	N
Nylon	1 GΩ to 10 TΩ	Y
PVC	10 GΩ to 10 TΩ	Y
Polystyrene	100 GΩ to 1 PΩ	N
Ceramic	1 GΩ to 1 PΩ	N
Glass Epoxy (FR-4, G-10)	1 GΩ to 10 TΩ	Y
Phenolic, Paper	10 MΩ to 10 GΩ	Y

9=8

Image 368

HP 34970A manual Zz4 z FF, Insulating Material Resistance Range Moisture Absorbing

Contents

Ow INURFg k D Fo Y b kr C C v hPage No Changes Scan Use the Menu to Yh R Fo Y k Zy y Yh AFD7P HS y Yy y Y y y Ks GHPDEc FDe c p ∙ d Ks GHPDICLc feh p Ks GHPDGc FDe CiKs GHPDHc H w p ∙ d BHE8 Ks GHPDMc p pKs GHPDOc HDe vg Hs r F7o r8 Fo Delhax 6 8 a Express Exchange Contents Contents Contents Contents Page Shift w User’s Guide5 Service Guide5 Quick Reference Guide5 To install the software, seeTo Prepare the Instrument for Use Instrument does not turn on properly, see Installing HP BenchLink Data Logger Software Settings Control PanelAdd/Remove Programs Install/Uninstall File Run fww xw \setup 0H1 To Connect Wiring to a Module Wzw Ml lil l To Set the Time and Date To Configure a Channel for Scanning Jyw 877 Qw z wz zyw Ww yw Yz yw wy To Copy a Channel Configuration $6772 To Close a Channel Yzz Z3 w wwz yz w yw3 ywz w zw wz Zz yw z w w3 w If the Instrument Does Not Turn On Hq FGPN8a t gUpt 9AN w 9A8 w Zwx 4 y Yy ww To Adjust the Carrying Handle Bench-top viewing positions To Rack Mount the Instrument Quick Start Page Page Front-Panel Menu Reference X xz Zx x Configure system-related instrument parameters To Monitor a Single Channel 1759$/6&$1 To Set a Scan Interval $%/$6/%6 To Apply Mx+B Scaling to Measurements To Configure Alarm Limits + ,$/$5021 To Configure Alarm Limits To Read a Digital Input Port Ty H 7 h k To Write to a Digital Output Port $567 To Read the Totalizer Count To Output a DC Voltage To Configure the Remote Interface +3,% 91,%,76 +$1*6$9 To Store the Instrument StatePage Computer System Data Acquisition System Overview Advantages Disadvantages Fo Y k 4yx Wg AFD7O Xx x AFD7O Sdd5 l Xz x x HP BenchLink Data Logger STcaLm p EFC Signal Routing Model Number Module Name Common Uses System Cabling and Connections starting on Cable Type Common Uses Comments Kxz zx x z Kzx Z3 x z x R3 U3 b5 Signal Routing and Switching Relay Cycle Count on HD8 N7v 2rc3 lS7v l D7v X zzx 87 dW X x zx3 Y z z y5 Measurement Input Sdd’s signal-conditioning OSR5 Scan Count GND BWa3 HL8 Y zx Xx5 p zx x x z x x zx x z5 Control Output HH8 FB W 2 bWa ELI Features and Functions Features and Functions Scpi Language Conventions Scpi Language Conventions Scanning Scanning Scanning Scanning Power Fails Scanning Fxx xx tz tzx 978 vt Yt z xx Scan Count Select the interval timer configuration Set the scan interval to 5 secondsSweep the scan list 2 times Initiate the scan Group Execute Trigger Select the bus once configuration∙ Front-Panel Operation See Scan Count on page 86 for more information Ext Trig ConnectorSelect the external trigger configuration Sx wxt vyzz tw z ttxyx Alarm Limits starting on On page 86 for more information Fxxv x ttvzt Fxxx vt 9Ex tt Mt Fxxv tx Sctxt ∙ exx Vxytvx bxt Scanning CH Delay Time AC Filter Channel Delay Integration Time Channel DelayRange Channel Delay ∙ Sctxt Readings Twz vtx Gt zzxwTtwz vtx Aux twz x vtx Single-Channel Monitoring Single-Channel Monitoring ROUTMONDATA? Scanning With External Instruments Scanning With External Instruments Scanning With External Instruments Fxxv t t Fxvx vtx twvxFx t t a xvw Fxx t General Measurement Configuration General Measurement Configuration Change the range setting This is the 10 Vdc range, 51⁄2 digits are displayed 101 102 Integration Time Resolution Digits Bits WX c 104 105 Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature , Thermocouple 109 MoX g To connect an RTD to the module’s screw terminals, see 111 To connect a thermistor to the module’s screw terminals, see ∙ Remote Interface Operation You can use the MEASure? or Voltage Measurement Configuration Voltage Measurement ConfigurationXW c Mx wv tzx tx UW f Mx tv tzx tw tv To connect resistances to the module’s screw terminals, see Resistance Measurement ConfigurationResistance Measurement Configuration Applies to ac current and ac voltage measurements only Current Measurement ConfigurationCurrent Measurement Configuration 117 Sensfreqranglow 3,@203 Select the slow timeout 3 Hz Frequency Measurement ConfigurationFrequency Measurement Configuration Mx+B Scaling Mx+B Scaling Vy x x tx tux Xtx x Strain Gage Measurements on 121 Alarm Limits Alarm Limits Ux yzx tz x y Using the Alarm Output Lines on Then, choose from the following alarm conditions Alarm queue is cleared when you read the alarms 126 127 Alarms Connector Oxt y tt Otz x y x x vtx x x vtzxOxt tt 130 131 Calccompmask command decimal Result no alarm generatedPt tw y /wxvt 8=B0 Or result Digital Input Operations Digital Input Operations Mww 79 xtw t ExtwExtw u Totalizer Operations Totalizer Operations 136 137 Digital Output Operations Digital Output Operations X vxM Xx / PMO vt05 DAC Output OperationsDAC Output Operations System-Related Operations System-Related Operations 141 Vx z Extw tx x Turns on. See the Uc =EC7M fxvx Twx Xt t z uxxExx Vxytvx bxt Returns 0 if the self-test is successful or 1 if it fails 144 Fxx Fxt Wx 83 8EEC HEWLETT-PACKARD,34901A,0,X.X System-Related Operations 148 NWkc f Vtxx fOcV yx ytx5 BkcV U Remote Interface ConfigurationRemote Interface Configuration 151 Vt xx utw x ytx NDC5KDC5 3mnCDC5 Lt vx y vxw y y5 154 Calibration Overview Calibration Overview 156 Hv w vwx 158 159 Factory Reset State Factory Reset State Instrument Preset State Instrument Preset State Multiplexer Module Default Settings Multiplexer Module Default Settings Sx xvyvt xtv 4w3 yx x x xv vt E5 Module OverviewModule Overview HP 34901A 20-Channel Multiplexer HP 34901A 20-Channel Multiplexer Slot Number Name Function Comments HP 34902A 16-Channel Multiplexer HP 34902A 16-Channel Multiplexer 167 HP 34903A 20-Channel Actuator HP 34903A 20-Channel Actuator 169 HP 34904A 4x8 Matrix Switch HP 34904A 4x8 Matrix Switch Name Comments HP 34905A/6A Dual 4-Channel RF Multiplexers HP 34905A/6A Dual 4-Channel RF Multiplexers 173 HP 34907A Multifunction Module HP 34907A Multifunction Module Slot Number 100 200 Digital Input / OutputTotalizer DAC Output HP 34908A 40-Channel Single-Ended Multiplexer HP 34908A 40-Channel Single-Ended Multiplexer 177 Remote Interface Reference Remote Interface Reference Scpi Command Summary Scpi Command Summary Eyy Scpi Command Summary Scan Measurement Commands Monitor CommandsZz vz 99B Zz vz 9C Scpi Command Summary Scan Configuration Commands Scpi Command Summary Scan Statistics Commands Scan Memory CommandsZz vz Zz vz 9A Scpi Command Summary Scanning With an External Instrument Zz vz 9E Scpi Command Summary Temperature Configuration Commands Zz vz 98E Scpi Command Summary Voltage Configuration Commands Scpi Command Summary Resistance Configuration Commands Scpi Command Summary Current Configuration Commands Zz vz Kvy vz 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 191 Scpi Command Summary Mx+B Scaling Commands Scpi Command Summary Alarm Limit Commands Zz vz 9AB Scpi Command Summary Digital Input CommandsTotalizer Commands Scpi Command Summary Digital Output Commands DAC Output CommandsSwitch Control Commands Zz vz 9AD Scpi Command Summary Scan Triggering Commands State Storage CommandsZz vz 99D Zz vz 9B8 Scpi Command Summary System-Related Commands Zz vz 9B Scpi Command Summary Interface Configuration Commands Status System CommandsZz vz 9BE Zz vz 9DB Zz vz 9E9 Scpi Command Summary Calibration CommandsService-Related Commands Scpi Command Summary Ieee 488.2 Common Commands Simplified Programming Overview Simplified Programming Overview CONFigure zy yvz w MEASure? v z vzINITiate xy z vy 5 iz z Xy z y zvy Range 41⁄2 Digits Gz z READ? xvy z z Xv zy zyv w z FETCh? xv3 zxz z Vy vz zy vy z 205 V v zz vzy z Xv3 ABORt x Qzxz Pzvzz vz MEASure? and CONFigure Commands MEASure? and CONFigure CommandsGeneral Measurement Configuration starting on MEASure? Command Syntax MEASureTEMPerature? RTDFRTD,8591DEF YzzMEASureVOLTageDC? MEASureVOLTageAC? MINMAXDEF, @ MEASureRESistance? MEASureFRESistance? MEASureCURRentDC? MEASureCURRentAC?Pz vz vz vzy Xv 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 MEASureFREQuency? MEASurePERiod? MEASureTOTalize? READRRESet ,@ MEASureDIGitalBYTE? @ CONFigureTEMPerature RTDFRTD,8591DEF MEASure? and CONFigure Commands CONFigure Command SyntaxCONFigureTEMPerature TCouple,BEJKNRSTDEF Minmaxdef ,@t CONFigureVOLTageDC CONFigureVOLTageAC Autominmaxdef CONFigureRESistance CONFigureFRESistanceCONFigureCURRentDC CONFigureCURRentAC Pzzvzz vz vzy xv 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 CONFigureFREQuency CONFigurePERiod Autominmaxdef CONFigureDIGitalBYTE @CONFigureTOTalize READRRESet ,@ CONFigure? @x Setting the Function, Range, and Resolution Setting the Function, Range, and ResolutionSee also General Measurement Configuration in starting on SENSeFUNCtion SENSe VOLTageDCRANGe? @x VOLTageACRANGe? @xRESistanceRANGe? @x FRESistanceRANGe? @x SENSe VOLTageDCRESolution? @x RESistanceRESolution? @xFRESistanceRESolution? @x CURRentDCRESolution? @x SENSe VOLTageDCAPERture? @x RESistanceAPERture? @xFRESistanceAPERture? @x CURRentDCAPERture? @x SENSe TEMPerature VOLTageDCRESistance FRESistance Temperature Configuration Commands General Temperature Commands Temperature Configuration Commands Thermocouple Commands SENSeTEMPeratureRJUNction? @x Temperature Configuration Commands RTD Commands Thermistor Commands Voltage Configuration Commands See also Voltage Measurement Configuration in starting onINPut IMPedanceAUTO OFFON,@x IMPedanceAUTO? @x SENSe Zeroauto OFFONCEON,@x ZEROAUTO? @x Resistance Configuration Commands Current Configuration Commands See also Frequency Measurement Configuration in starting on Frequency Configuration CommandsFrequency Configuration Commands See also Scanning in starting on Scanning OverviewScanning Overview Scanning Overview Scanning Overview Scanning Commands TRIGger SOURce BUSIMMediateEXTernalALARm1234TIMer SOURce?ROUTe Scan @ SCAN? ROUTeSCANSIZE? TRIGger TIMer y Minmax TIMer? ROUTe CHANnelDELay yCHANnelDELay? @x TRIGger COUNt x MINMAXINFinity COUNt? INITiate ROUTe CHANnelDELayAUTO OFFON,@x CHANnelDELayAUTO? @xABORt FORMat READingCHANnel Offon READingCHANnel? Scanning Overview Reading Format CommandsFORMat READingALARm Offon READingALARm? FORMat READingTIME Offon READingTIME? FORMat READingUNIT Offon READingUNIT?FORMat READingTIMETYPE ABSoluteRELative READingTIMETYPE? Hz vxz Scanning Overview Scan Statistics Commands CALCulateAVERageMINimum? @xCALCulateAVERageMINimumTIME? @x CALCulateAVERageMAXimum? @x CALCulateAVERageAVERage? @x CALCulateAVERagePTPeak? @xCALCulateAVERageCOUNt? @x CALCulateAVERageCLEar @x DATAREMove? t Scanning Overview Scan Memory CommandsDATAPOINts? See Reading Format Commands on SYSTemTIMESCAN?FETCh? ? tx Single-Channel Monitoring Overview Single-Channel Monitoring Overview ROUTeMONitorDATA? ROUTe MONitor @xvz MONitor?ROUTe MONitorSTATe Offon MONitorSTATe? Scanning With an External Instrument TRIGger SOURce BUSIMMediateEXTernalTIMer SOURce? TRIGger COUNt z MINMAXINFinity COUNt? Y z v Qaa ywy y Ud EC7N5 INSTrument ROUTe CHANnelFWIRe Offon ,@x CHANnelFWIRe? @xINSTrumentDMMINSTalled? See also Mx+B Scaling in starting on Mx+B Scaling OverviewMx+B Scaling Overview Mx+B Scaling Overview Mx+B Scaling Commands CALCulate SCALeGAIN v ,@xt SCALeGAIN? @xCALCulate SCALeOFFSet ,@xt SCALeOFFSet? @x CALCulate SCALeUNIT zyt SCALeUNIT? @x CALCulateSCALeOFFSetNULL @x CALCulate SCALeSTATe OFFON,@x SCALeSTATe? @x See also Alarm Limits in starting on Alarm System OverviewAlarm System Overview Alarm System Overview Calclimitupper MAX,@101LOWER 9,@101LOWERSTATE on Alarm System Overview Alarm Limit Commands OUTPut ALARm1234SOURce @xt ALARm1234SOURce?CALCulate LIMitUPPer z LIMitUPPer? @x CALCulate LIMitUPPerSTATe OFFON,@xt LIMitUPPerSTATe? @x CALCulate LIMitLOWerSTATe OFFON,@xt LIMitLOWerSTATe? @x SYSTemALARm?CALCulate LIMitLOWer z LIMitLOWer? @x Alarm System Overview Alarm Output Commands OUTPut ALARmMODE LATChTRACk ALARmMODE?OUTPut ALARmSLOPe NEGativePOSitive ALARmSLOPe? Vz xvz z5 CALCulate COMPareDATA yvv ,@xt COMPareDATA? @x Alarm System Overview Digital I/O Alarm CommandsCALCulate COMPareTYPE EQUalNEQual,@x COMPareTYPE? @x CALCulate COMPareMASK COMPareMASK? @x CALCulate COMPareSTATe OFFON,@x COMPareSTATe? @x SENSeDIGitalDATABYTEWORD? @x Digital Input CommandsSee also Digital Input Operations in starting on See also Totalizer Operations in starting on Totalizer CommandsSENSe TOTalizeTYPE READRRESet,@x TOTalizeTYPE? @x Commands see Reading Format Commands on SENSe TOTalizeSLOPe NEGativePOSitive,@x TOTalizeSLOPe? @xSENSeTOTalizeCLEarIMMediate @x SENSeTOTalizeDATA? @x Digital Output Commands DAC Output CommandsSOURce DIGitalDATABYTEWORD yvv ,@xt DIGitalDATABYTEWORD? @x SOURceDIGitalSTATe? @x ROUTe Open @x OPEN? @x Switch Control CommandsROUTe CLOSe @x CLOSeEXCLusive @x CLOSe? @x ROUTe CHANnelFWIRe Offon , @ CHANnelFWIRe? @ ROUTeDONE?SYSTemCPON 100200300ALL Zv z RCL State Storage CommandsSAV MEMorySTATe Name 12345 ,z NAME? MEMorySTATeDELete MEMoryNSTates? RECallAUTO?MEMorySTATeVALid? System-Related Commands SYSTemDATE 3 3yySYSTemDATE? SYSTemTIME 3 SYSTemCTYPe? DIAGnostic Pokeslotdata 100200300, zyt PEEKSLOTDATA?Oz v 7 DISPlayTEXTCLEar DISPlay Offon DISPlay?DISPlay Text zyt SYSTemPRESet INSTrument DMM OffonFxz5 Gfxz5 SYSTemVERSion? SYSTemERRor?Gzz xv v xz z Ud EC7N z vz5 Interface Configuration Commands Gh6 Sy d RS-232 Interface ConfigurationRS-232 Interface Configuration Gh6 Gh6 Tyyy Yzv Or xz xvwz Ud EC7N Modem Communications Modem CommunicationsZz yz For more information, see Flow Control Selection on Scpi Status System Ny y S gONy yO Ny yy gO HP 34970A Status System Bit Definitions Status Byte Register Decimal Bit NumberDefinition 128 Vvzz v xz Xzy wz zzx v gzv d5 Ghgf2 yGzv d zzxzy vz hzz3 yxv w gzv d xzv Yxvz vzx Xz5 iz z Ly QQm2 S S Bit Definitions Questionable Data Register 5121024 2048 Scpi Status System Bit Definitions Standard Event Register Scpi Status System Bit Definitions Alarm Register Dy g Bit Definitions Standard Operation Register Status System Commands Status Byte Register CommandsVv xzy xvz C z z Gv g fz5 fzzvz Gzz z wz vz 9CC z zz wz Status System Commands Questionable Data Register Commands STATusQUEStionableENABle zv STATusQUEStionableENABle?Gzz z wz vz 9D7 z zz wz STATusQUEStionableCONDition? ESE zv Status System Commands Standard Event Register CommandsGzz z wz vz 9D9 z zz wz Status System Commands Alarm Register Commands STATusALARmCONDition?STATusALARmEVENt? STATusALARmENABle zv STATusALARmENABle? Status System Commands Standard Operation Register Commands STATusOPERationENABle zv STATusOPERationENABle?Gzz z wz vz 9DA z zz wz STATusOPERationCONDition? Miscellaneous Status Register Commands STATusPRESetDATAPOINtsEVENtTHReshold t DATAPOINtsEVENtTHReshold? PSC Calibration Commands CALibration?CALibrationCOUNt? CALibrationSECureCODE txyz CALibrationSECureSTATe OFFON,xyz CALibrationSECureSTATe? CALibrationSTRing zytCALibrationSTRing? CALibrationVALue z CALibrationVALue? Service-Related Commands DIAGnosticDMMCYCLes?DIAGnosticDMMCYCLesCLEar DIAGnosticRELayCYCLes? @x Preset state. h xy zz zzxPRESET z fxz5 WAI Scpi gvyvy Py vw V is an An Introduction to the Scpi LanguageAn Introduction to the Scpi Language Syy i byy Routchandelay 1TRIGSOUR EXT Wvvxz Fy hHSeY Sy HSeY ey Channel list parameters specify one or Hz ABORt x xyzy v vz v Using Device ClearUsing Device Clear Page Error ∙ x o u Execution Errors 101 102103 105 Execution Errors 114j 121123 124 Execution Errors 168 178211 213 Execution Errors 230 310 350410 420 Instrument Errors 111 201202 203 Instrument Errors 221 225226 251 Instrument Errors 261 271272 281 Instrument Errors 303 305306 307 Instrument Errors 501 502511 512 Self-Test Errors 601 602603 604 Calibration Errors 701702 703 704 Calibration Errors 710 720 721722 723 Error Messages Page BA8 Insert G68Example Programs for Excel Excel 7.0 Example takeReadings Macro VISAaddr = BAB BAC Excel 7.0 Example ScanChannels Macro Dim columnIndex As Integer BAF BAG Ck qdnT User’s Guide6 Example Programs for C and C++Ck qdnT User’s Guide6 o ++ Example dacout.c ++ Example statreg.c BB9 Page ABA AFFAG8 AG= System Cabling and Connections Lz kGz bz 0z Uzz Cable Type Nominal Impedance Capacitance Attenuation 99= LvLv 3uqyu Uj m Copper-to GxuuB Gxuyw qs u Z Uff4 Refer to Measurement Input on WuqMeasurement Fundamentals Wsu Integration Time PLCs Bz mz 9GG8 Qysq Dxu qsuvqsu ytu qsusyvysq Vq tu4 Measurement Fundamentals Internal DMM Internal DMM Ice Bath Ez b Measurement Fundamentals Temperature Probe Type Pos + Lead Neg Lead Iron ConstantanNickel-Chromium Nickel-Aluminum Copper Constantan Z4 z MWW2 ABC Nm w 99A Stuqq Connection a Connection B Sl py Sk p j HI A1 AC to DC Converter X10 X100 360 361 Km w Example Calculating Measurement Error Hj s N5zzz z5 z z 0 z AAD16 Voltage Measured = ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾√ V 2 + Noise MWW On-Card Nm m Km m To Amplifier Analog-to-Digital Converter HI-Source HI-Sense For more information on channel delay, see AB8Offset Compensation on page 115 for more information Does not sxqu Zz4 z FF Insulating Material Resistance Range Moisture Absorbing Ai Sz e HI Source HI Sense LO Sense LO Source Strain DMM Sensitivity 376 Measurement Fundamentals Low-Level Signal Multiplexing and Switching V3Vu cyw Wuy q cyxy ELo 4 AC8 HI + Source Sense OUT COM H GND COM L Zz AE Module Reference Module Bank Actuators and General-Purpose Switching Rp = Dxu q u Ytu u qt Dxuuvu2 xu yy b Sq ru t qB Module Reference Matrix Switching Wqy cyxy Matrix Module RF Signal Multiplexing BO cyw 9A7 Multifunction Module 393 = 24 k Ω GND TTL AC For more information on cabling noise, see R B8 R URT z16 ∙ d qy s2 u .b Yu tyqwq Qr/ w EnkmF yU55R Nkm o Relay Life and Preventative Maintenance Buq Z Qsuqsu wuqq Uu utysuqqy4 AHe AHfAOO AOT DC, Resistance, and Temperature Accuracy Specifications DC Voltage DC Measurement and Operating Characteristics Ki u y AC Accuracy Specifications Gi g AC Measurement and Operating Characteristics Gi u Measurement Rates and System Characteristics Single Channel Measurement Rates 1 System Characteristics Module Specifications TagHOr7 TagHPr7 TagHfr7 TagHTr7 TagHar TagHcr7 TagHdr Typical AC Performance Graphs TagHer Product and Module Dimensions To Calculate Total Measurement Error Understanding the % of reading Error o Understanding the % of range Error o × 1,000,000 Interpreting Internal DMM Specifications 417 Criteria BdR u LYR u Configuring for Highest Accuracy Measurements Vhh 87 b 87 q ∙ p =4 ∙ n ∙ n c 77 =8F Index Index CAB CAC CAD CAE CAF CAG CAH CB8 CB9 CBA CBB Declaration of Conformity Ajjh