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HP 34970A manual Example Calculating Measurement Error

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Chapter 8 Tutorial

Measurement Fundamentals

Example: Calculating Measurement Error

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y q suqs v 9 q q vq°uuusv 86 “R
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Errorsine	= ±(0.05% + 0.04%) = ±0.09%
Errorcrest factor		= 0.15%
Errorbandwidth		=		– 3 2	x 20000		*	100 = 1.4%
				x 3.14159 x 1000000
		4

Total Error = 0.09% + 0.15% + 1.4% = 1.6%

8

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Image 359

HP 34970A manual Example Calculating Measurement Error

Contents

Ow INURFg k D C C v h Fo Y b krPage No Changes Scan Use the Menu to Fo Y k Zy y Yh AFD7P HS y Yy y Y y y Yh R∙ d Ks GHPDEc FDe c pKs GHPDICLc feh p Ks GHPDGc FDe CiKs GHPDHc H w p ∙ d BHE8 Ks GHPDMc p pKs GHPDOc HDe vg F7o r8 Fo Delhax 6 8 a Express Exchange Hs rContents Contents Contents Contents Page Shift w Instrument does not turn on properly, see User’s Guide5 Service Guide5 Quick Reference Guide5To install the software, see To Prepare the Instrument for UseFile Run fww xw \setup Installing HP BenchLink Data Logger SoftwareSettings Control Panel Add/Remove Programs Install/Uninstall0H1 Wzw To Connect Wiring to a ModuleMl lil l To Set the Time and Date Jyw To Configure a Channel for ScanningQw z wz zyw Ww yw Yz yw wy 877$6772 To Copy a Channel ConfigurationYzz Z3 w wwz yz w yw3 ywz w zw wz Zz yw z w w3 w To Close a Channel9AN w 9A8 w If the Instrument Does Not Turn OnHq FGPN8a t g UptZwx 4 y Yy ww Bench-top viewing positions To Adjust the Carrying HandleTo Rack Mount the Instrument Quick Start Page Page X xz Zx x Front-Panel Menu ReferenceConfigure system-related instrument parameters To Monitor a Single Channel To Set a Scan Interval 1759$/6&$1To Apply Mx+B Scaling to Measurements $%/$6/%6+ ,$/$5021 To Configure Alarm LimitsTo Configure Alarm Limits Ty H To Read a Digital Input PortTo Write to a Digital Output Port 7 h kTo Read the Totalizer Count $567To Output a DC Voltage +3,% To Configure the Remote Interface91,%,76 To Store the Instrument State +$1*6$9Page Computer System Advantages Disadvantages Data Acquisition System OverviewHP BenchLink Data Logger Fo Y k 4yx Wg AFD7O Xx x AFD7O Sdd5 l Xz x xEFC STcaLm pModel Number Module Name Common Uses Signal RoutingCable Type Common Uses Comments System Cabling and Connections starting onKxz zx x z Kzx Z3 x z x R3 U3 b5 Relay Cycle Count on Signal Routing and SwitchingD7v HD8N7v 2rc3 l S7v lX zzx 87 dW X x zx3 Y z z y5 Measurement Input Sdd’s signal-conditioning OSR5 Scan Count GND HL8 BWa3Y zx Xx5 p zx x x z x x zx x z5 HH8 Control OutputFB W 2 bWa ELI Features and Functions Features and Functions Scpi Language Conventions Scpi Language ConventionsScanning ScanningScanning Scanning Power Fails Scanning Fxx xx tz tzx 978 vt Yt z xx Scan Count Initiate the scan Select the interval timer configurationSet the scan interval to 5 seconds Sweep the scan list 2 timesGroup Execute Trigger Select the bus once configuration∙ Front-Panel Operation See Scan Count on page 86 for more information Ext Trig ConnectorSelect the external trigger configuration On page 86 for more information Sx wxt vyzz tw z ttxyx Alarm Limits starting onFxxv tx Fxxv x ttvztFxxx vt 9 Ex tt Mt∙ exx Vxytvx bxt SctxtScanning CH Delay Time AC Filter Channel Delay Integration Time Channel DelayRange Channel Delay ∙ Sctxt Readings Aux twz x vtx Twz vtxGt zzxw Ttwz vtxSingle-Channel Monitoring Single-Channel MonitoringROUTMONDATA? Scanning With External Instruments Scanning With External InstrumentsScanning With External Instruments Fxx t Fxxv t tFxvx vtx twvx Fx t t a xvwGeneral Measurement Configuration General Measurement ConfigurationChange the range setting This is the 10 Vdc range, 51⁄2 digits are displayed 101 102 WX c Integration Time Resolution Digits Bits104 105 Temperature Measurement Configuration Temperature Measurement ConfigurationTemperature Measurement Configuration Temperature , Thermocouple 109 To connect an RTD to the module’s screw terminals, see MoX g111 ∙ Remote Interface Operation You can use the MEASure? or To connect a thermistor to the module’s screw terminals, seeMx wv tzx tx Voltage Measurement ConfigurationVoltage Measurement Configuration XW cMx tv tzx tw tv UW fTo connect resistances to the module’s screw terminals, see Resistance Measurement ConfigurationResistance Measurement Configuration Applies to ac current and ac voltage measurements only Current Measurement ConfigurationCurrent Measurement Configuration 117 Sensfreqranglow 3,@203 Select the slow timeout 3 Hz Frequency Measurement ConfigurationFrequency Measurement Configuration Mx+B Scaling Mx+B ScalingStrain Gage Measurements on Vy x x tx tux Xtx x121 Alarm Limits Alarm LimitsUx yzx tz x y Using the Alarm Output Lines on Then, choose from the following alarm conditions Alarm queue is cleared when you read the alarms 126 127 Alarms Connector Oxt y tt Otz x y x x vtx x x vtzxOxt tt 130 131 Or result Calccompmask command decimalResult no alarm generated Pt tw y /wxvt 8=B0Digital Input Operations Digital Input OperationsMww 79 xtw t ExtwExtw u Totalizer Operations Totalizer Operations136 137 Digital Output Operations Digital Output OperationsX vxM Xx / PMO vt05 DAC Output OperationsDAC Output Operations System-Related Operations System-Related Operations141 Extw tx x Vx zReturns 0 if the self-test is successful or 1 if it fails Turns on. See the Uc =EC7M fxvx TwxXt t z uxx Exx Vxytvx bxt144 Fxt Wx 83 8EEC FxxHEWLETT-PACKARD,34901A,0,X.X System-Related Operations 148 Vtxx fOcV yx ytx5 NWkc fBkcV U Remote Interface ConfigurationRemote Interface Configuration 151 Vt xx utw x ytx NDC5KDC5 Lt vx y vxw y y5 3mnCDC5154 Calibration Overview Calibration Overview156 Hv w vwx 158 159 Factory Reset State Factory Reset StateInstrument Preset State Instrument Preset StateMultiplexer Module Default Settings Multiplexer Module Default SettingsSx xvyvt xtv 4w3 yx x x xv vt E5 Module OverviewModule Overview HP 34901A 20-Channel Multiplexer HP 34901A 20-Channel MultiplexerName Function Comments Slot NumberHP 34902A 16-Channel Multiplexer HP 34902A 16-Channel Multiplexer167 HP 34903A 20-Channel Actuator HP 34903A 20-Channel Actuator169 HP 34904A 4x8 Matrix Switch HP 34904A 4x8 Matrix SwitchName Comments HP 34905A/6A Dual 4-Channel RF Multiplexers HP 34905A/6A Dual 4-Channel RF Multiplexers173 HP 34907A Multifunction Module HP 34907A Multifunction ModuleDAC Output Slot Number 100 200Digital Input / Output TotalizerHP 34908A 40-Channel Single-Ended Multiplexer HP 34908A 40-Channel Single-Ended Multiplexer177 Remote Interface Reference Remote Interface Reference Scpi Command Summary Scpi Command SummaryEyy Zz vz 9C Scpi Command Summary Scan Measurement CommandsMonitor Commands Zz vz 99BScpi Command Summary Scan Configuration Commands Zz vz 9A Scpi Command Summary Scan Statistics CommandsScan Memory Commands Zz vzZz vz 9E Scpi Command Summary Scanning With an External InstrumentZz vz 98E Scpi Command Summary Temperature Configuration CommandsScpi Command Summary Voltage Configuration Commands Scpi Command Summary Resistance Configuration Commands Zz vz Kvy vz 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 Scpi Command Summary Current Configuration Commands191 Scpi Command Summary Mx+B Scaling Commands Scpi Command Summary Alarm Limit Commands Zz vz 9AB Scpi Command Summary Digital Input CommandsTotalizer Commands Zz vz 9AD Scpi Command Summary Digital Output CommandsDAC Output Commands Switch Control CommandsZz vz 9B8 Scpi Command Summary Scan Triggering CommandsState Storage Commands Zz vz 99DZz vz 9B Scpi Command Summary System-Related CommandsZz vz 9DB Scpi Command Summary Interface Configuration CommandsStatus System Commands Zz vz 9BEZz vz 9E9 Scpi Command Summary Calibration CommandsService-Related Commands Scpi Command Summary Ieee 488.2 Common Commands Simplified Programming Overview Simplified Programming OverviewXy z y zvy CONFigure zy yvz wMEASure? v z vz INITiate xy z vy 5 iz zRange 41⁄2 Digits Xv zy zyv w z FETCh? xv3 zxz z Vy vz zy vy z Gz z READ? xvy z z205 Xv3 ABORt x Qzxz Pzvzz vz V v zz vzy zMEASure? Command Syntax MEASure? and CONFigure CommandsMEASure? and CONFigure Commands General Measurement Configuration starting onMINMAXDEF, @ MEASureTEMPerature? RTDFRTD,8591DEFYzz MEASureVOLTageDC? MEASureVOLTageAC?MEASureFREQuency? MEASurePERiod? MEASureRESistance? MEASureFRESistance?MEASureCURRentDC? MEASureCURRentAC? Pz vz vz vzy Xv 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5MEASureDIGitalBYTE? @ MEASureTOTalize? READRRESet ,@CONFigureTEMPerature RTDFRTD,8591DEF MEASure? and CONFigure Commands CONFigure Command SyntaxCONFigureTEMPerature TCouple,BEJKNRSTDEF Minmaxdef ,@t Pzzvzz vz vzy xv 98 vy Ud E78N zz z5 CONFigureVOLTageDC CONFigureVOLTageAC AutominmaxdefCONFigureRESistance CONFigureFRESistance CONFigureCURRentDC CONFigureCURRentACCONFigure? @x CONFigureFREQuency CONFigurePERiod AutominmaxdefCONFigureDIGitalBYTE @ CONFigureTOTalize READRRESet ,@SENSeFUNCtion Setting the Function, Range, and ResolutionSetting the Function, Range, and Resolution See also General Measurement Configuration in starting onFRESistanceRANGe? @x SENSe VOLTageDCRANGe? @xVOLTageACRANGe? @x RESistanceRANGe? @xCURRentDCRESolution? @x SENSe VOLTageDCRESolution? @xRESistanceRESolution? @x FRESistanceRESolution? @xCURRentDCAPERture? @x SENSe VOLTageDCAPERture? @xRESistanceAPERture? @x FRESistanceAPERture? @xFRESistance SENSe TEMPeratureVOLTageDC RESistanceGeneral Temperature Commands Temperature Configuration CommandsTemperature Configuration Commands Thermocouple Commands SENSeTEMPeratureRJUNction? @x Thermistor Commands Temperature Configuration Commands RTD CommandsSENSe Zeroauto OFFONCEON,@x ZEROAUTO? @x Voltage Configuration CommandsSee also Voltage Measurement Configuration in starting on INPut IMPedanceAUTO OFFON,@x IMPedanceAUTO? @xCurrent Configuration Commands Resistance Configuration CommandsSee also Frequency Measurement Configuration in starting on Frequency Configuration CommandsFrequency Configuration Commands See also Scanning in starting on Scanning OverviewScanning Overview Scanning Overview ROUTeSCANSIZE? Scanning Overview Scanning CommandsTRIGger SOURce BUSIMMediateEXTernalALARm1234TIMer SOURce? ROUTe Scan @ SCAN?TRIGger COUNt x MINMAXINFinity COUNt? TRIGger TIMer y Minmax TIMer?ROUTe CHANnelDELay y CHANnelDELay? @xINITiate ROUTe CHANnelDELayAUTO OFFON,@x CHANnelDELayAUTO? @xABORt FORMat READingCHANnel Offon READingCHANnel? Scanning Overview Reading Format CommandsFORMat READingALARm Offon READingALARm? Hz vxz FORMat READingTIME Offon READingTIME?FORMat READingUNIT Offon READingUNIT? FORMat READingTIMETYPE ABSoluteRELative READingTIMETYPE?CALCulateAVERageMAXimum? @x Scanning Overview Scan Statistics CommandsCALCulateAVERageMINimum? @x CALCulateAVERageMINimumTIME? @xCALCulateAVERageCLEar @x CALCulateAVERageAVERage? @xCALCulateAVERagePTPeak? @x CALCulateAVERageCOUNt? @xDATAREMove? t Scanning Overview Scan Memory CommandsDATAPOINts? ? tx See Reading Format Commands onSYSTemTIMESCAN? FETCh?Single-Channel Monitoring Overview Single-Channel Monitoring OverviewROUTeMONitorDATA? ROUTe MONitor @xvz MONitor?ROUTe MONitorSTATe Offon MONitorSTATe? Scanning With an External Instrument TRIGger SOURce BUSIMMediateEXTernalTIMer SOURce? TRIGger COUNt z MINMAXINFinity COUNt? Y z v Qaa ywy y Ud EC7N5 INSTrument ROUTe CHANnelFWIRe Offon ,@x CHANnelFWIRe? @xINSTrumentDMMINSTalled? See also Mx+B Scaling in starting on Mx+B Scaling OverviewMx+B Scaling Overview CALCulate SCALeUNIT zyt SCALeUNIT? @x Mx+B Scaling Overview Mx+B Scaling CommandsCALCulate SCALeGAIN v ,@xt SCALeGAIN? @x CALCulate SCALeOFFSet ,@xt SCALeOFFSet? @xCALCulate SCALeSTATe OFFON,@x SCALeSTATe? @x CALCulateSCALeOFFSetNULL @xSee also Alarm Limits in starting on Alarm System OverviewAlarm System Overview Alarm System Overview Calclimitupper MAX,@101LOWER 9,@101LOWERSTATE on CALCulate LIMitUPPerSTATe OFFON,@xt LIMitUPPerSTATe? @x Alarm System Overview Alarm Limit CommandsOUTPut ALARm1234SOURce @xt ALARm1234SOURce? CALCulate LIMitUPPer z LIMitUPPer? @xCALCulate LIMitLOWerSTATe OFFON,@xt LIMitLOWerSTATe? @x SYSTemALARm?CALCulate LIMitLOWer z LIMitLOWer? @x Vz xvz z5 Alarm System Overview Alarm Output CommandsOUTPut ALARmMODE LATChTRACk ALARmMODE? OUTPut ALARmSLOPe NEGativePOSitive ALARmSLOPe?CALCulate COMPareDATA yvv ,@xt COMPareDATA? @x Alarm System Overview Digital I/O Alarm CommandsCALCulate COMPareTYPE EQUalNEQual,@x COMPareTYPE? @x CALCulate COMPareSTATe OFFON,@x COMPareSTATe? @x CALCulate COMPareMASK COMPareMASK? @xSENSeDIGitalDATABYTEWORD? @x Digital Input CommandsSee also Digital Input Operations in starting on See also Totalizer Operations in starting on Totalizer CommandsSENSe TOTalizeTYPE READRRESet,@x TOTalizeTYPE? @x SENSeTOTalizeDATA? @x Commands see Reading Format Commands onSENSe TOTalizeSLOPe NEGativePOSitive,@x TOTalizeSLOPe? @x SENSeTOTalizeCLEarIMMediate @xSOURceDIGitalSTATe? @x Digital Output CommandsDAC Output Commands SOURce DIGitalDATABYTEWORD yvv ,@xt DIGitalDATABYTEWORD? @xROUTe Open @x OPEN? @x Switch Control CommandsROUTe CLOSe @x CLOSeEXCLusive @x CLOSe? @x Zv z ROUTe CHANnelFWIRe Offon , @ CHANnelFWIRe? @ROUTeDONE? SYSTemCPON 100200300ALLRCL State Storage CommandsSAV MEMorySTATeDELete MEMorySTATe Name 12345 ,z NAME?MEMoryNSTates? RECallAUTO?MEMorySTATeVALid? SYSTemTIME 3 System-Related CommandsSYSTemDATE 3 3yy SYSTemDATE?SYSTemCTYPe? DIAGnostic Pokeslotdata 100200300, zyt PEEKSLOTDATA?Oz v 7 DISPlayTEXTCLEar DISPlay Offon DISPlay?DISPlay Text zyt Gfxz5 SYSTemPRESetINSTrument DMM Offon Fxz5SYSTemVERSion? SYSTemERRor?Gzz xv v xz z Ud EC7N z vz5 Interface Configuration Commands Gh6 Sy d RS-232 Interface ConfigurationRS-232 Interface Configuration Gh6 Yzv Or xz xvwz Gh6 TyyyUd EC7N For more information, see Flow Control Selection on Modem CommunicationsModem Communications Zz yzNy yy gO Scpi Status SystemNy y S gO Ny yOHP 34970A Status System 128 Bit Definitions Status Byte RegisterDecimal Bit Number DefinitionVvzz v xz Xzy wz zzx v gzv d5 Ghgf2 yGzv d zzxzy vz hzz3 yxv w gzv d xzv Yxvz vzx Xz5 iz z S S Ly QQm22048 Bit Definitions Questionable Data Register512 1024Scpi Status System Bit Definitions Standard Event Register Scpi Status System Bit Definitions Alarm Register Bit Definitions Standard Operation Register Dy gGzz z wz vz 9CC z zz wz Status System CommandsStatus Byte Register Commands Vv xzy xvz C z z Gv g fz5 fzzvzSTATusQUEStionableCONDition? Status System Commands Questionable Data Register CommandsSTATusQUEStionableENABle zv STATusQUEStionableENABle? Gzz z wz vz 9D7 z zz wzESE zv Status System Commands Standard Event Register CommandsGzz z wz vz 9D9 z zz wz STATusALARmENABle zv STATusALARmENABle? Status System Commands Alarm Register CommandsSTATusALARmCONDition? STATusALARmEVENt?STATusOPERationCONDition? Status System Commands Standard Operation Register CommandsSTATusOPERationENABle zv STATusOPERationENABle? Gzz z wz vz 9DA z zz wzPSC Miscellaneous Status Register CommandsSTATusPRESet DATAPOINtsEVENtTHReshold t DATAPOINtsEVENtTHReshold?CALibrationSECureCODE txyz Calibration CommandsCALibration? CALibrationCOUNt?CALibrationVALue z CALibrationVALue? CALibrationSECureSTATe OFFON,xyz CALibrationSECureSTATe?CALibrationSTRing zyt CALibrationSTRing?DIAGnosticRELayCYCLes? @x Service-Related CommandsDIAGnosticDMMCYCLes? DIAGnosticDMMCYCLesCLEarWAI Preset state. h xy zz zzxPRESET z fxz5Scpi gvyvy Py vw V is an An Introduction to the Scpi LanguageAn Introduction to the Scpi Language Syy i byy Routchandelay 1TRIGSOUR EXT Wvvxz Fy hHSeY Sy HSeY ey Channel list parameters specify one or Hz ABORt x xyzy v vz v Using Device ClearUsing Device Clear Page ∙ x o u Error105 Execution Errors 101102 103124 Execution Errors 114j121 123213 Execution Errors 168178 211420 Execution Errors 230310 350 410203 Instrument Errors 111201 202251 Instrument Errors 221225 226281 Instrument Errors 261271 272307 Instrument Errors 303305 306512 Instrument Errors 501502 511604 Self-Test Errors601 602 603704 Calibration Errors701 702 703723 Calibration Errors 710 720721 722Error Messages Page BA8 Insert G68Example Programs for Excel VISAaddr = Excel 7.0 Example takeReadings MacroBAB BAC Dim columnIndex As Integer Excel 7.0 Example ScanChannels MacroBAF BAG Ck qdnT User’s Guide6 Example Programs for C and C++Ck qdnT User’s Guide6 o ++ Example dacout.c ++ Example statreg.c BB9 Page AG= ABAAFF AG8Uzz System Cabling and ConnectionsLz k Gz bz 0zCable Type Nominal Impedance Capacitance Attenuation 99= LvLv 3uqyu Copper-to Uj mGxuuB Gxuyw qs u Z Uff4 Refer to Measurement Input on WuqMeasurement Fundamentals Integration Time PLCs WsuQysq Dxu qsuvqsu ytu qsusyvysq Vq tu4 Bz mz 9GG8Measurement Fundamentals Internal DMM Internal DMM Ice Bath Ez b Measurement Fundamentals Copper Constantan Temperature Probe Type Pos + Lead Neg LeadIron Constantan Nickel-Chromium Nickel-AluminumZ4 z ABC MWW299A Nm wStuqq Connection a Connection B Sl py Sk p j HI A1 AC to DC Converter X10 X100 360 361 Km w Example Calculating Measurement Error N5zzz z5 z z 0 z AAD16 Hj sVoltage Measured = ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾√ V 2 + Noise MWW On-Card Km m Nm mTo Amplifier Analog-to-Digital Converter HI-Source HI-Sense Does not sxqu For more information on channel delay, seeAB8 Offset Compensation on page 115 for more informationInsulating Material Resistance Range Moisture Absorbing Zz4 z FFAi Sz e HI Source HI Sense LO Sense LO Source Strain DMM Sensitivity 376 Measurement Fundamentals V3Vu cyw Wuy q cyxy Low-Level Signal Multiplexing and Switching4 AC8 ELoHI + Source Sense OUT COM H GND COM L Zz AE Module Bank Module ReferenceActuators and General-Purpose Switching Rp = Dxu q u Ytu u qt Dxuuvu2 xu yy b Sq ru t qB Module Reference Wqy cyxy Matrix SwitchingMatrix Module BO cyw RF Signal Multiplexing9A7 Multifunction Module 393 = 24 k Ω GND TTL AC For more information on cabling noise, see R B8 R URT z16 ∙ d qy s2 u .b Yu tyqwq Qr/ w EnkmF yU55R Nkm o Buq Z Relay Life and Preventative MaintenanceQsuqsu wuqq Uu utysuqqy4 AOT AHeAHf AOODC Voltage DC, Resistance, and Temperature Accuracy SpecificationsKi u y DC Measurement and Operating CharacteristicsGi g AC Accuracy SpecificationsGi u AC Measurement and Operating CharacteristicsSingle Channel Measurement Rates 1 System Characteristics Measurement Rates and System CharacteristicsTagHOr7 TagHPr7 TagHfr7 TagHTr7 TagHar Module SpecificationsTagHcr7 TagHdr Typical AC Performance Graphs TagHer Product and Module Dimensions Understanding the % of reading Error o To Calculate Total Measurement Error× 1,000,000 Understanding the % of range Error oInterpreting Internal DMM Specifications Criteria 417LYR u BdR uVhh 87 b 87 q ∙ p =4 ∙ n ∙ n c 77 =8F Configuring for Highest Accuracy MeasurementsIndex Index CAB CAC CAD CAE CAF CAG CAH CB8 CB9 CBA CBB Declaration of Conformity Ajjh